diff --git a/src/core/lib/rate-limit.ts b/src/core/lib/rate-limit.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..815c613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/lib/rate-limit.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import type { LogHandler } from "../order-coordinator";
+
+type RateLimitState = "normal" | "degraded" | "paused";
+
+export type RateLimitDecision = "run" | "skip" | "paused";
+
+const DEFAULT_PAUSE_MS = 30_000;
+const DEFAULT_RECOVERY_MS = 60_000;
+
+export class RateLimitController {
+  private state: RateLimitState = "normal";
+  private pausedUntil: number | null = null;
+  private lastCycleAt = 0;
+  private lastRateLimitAt = 0;
+  private readonly pauseMs: number;
+  private readonly recoveryMs: number;
+  private entriesSuppressed = false;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly baseInterval: number,
+    private readonly log: LogHandler,
+    options?: { pauseMs?: number; recoveryMs?: number }
+  ) {
+    this.pauseMs = options?.pauseMs ?? DEFAULT_PAUSE_MS;
+    this.recoveryMs = options?.recoveryMs ?? DEFAULT_RECOVERY_MS;
+  }
+
+  shouldBlockEntries(): boolean {
+    return this.entriesSuppressed || this.state === "paused";
+  }
+
+  private suppressEntries(source?: string): void {
+    if (this.entriesSuppressed) return;
+    this.entriesSuppressed = true;
+    this.log("info", `${source ? `${source} ` : ""}限频期间暂停新开仓`);
+  }
+
+  private allowEntries(): void {
+    if (!this.entriesSuppressed) return;
+    this.entriesSuppressed = false;
+    this.log("info", "限频恢复，允许重新开仓");
+  }
+
+  beforeCycle(): RateLimitDecision {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    if (this.state === "paused") {
+      if (this.pausedUntil != null && now >= this.pausedUntil) {
+        this.state = "degraded";
+        this.pausedUntil = null;
+        this.log("info", "限频暂停结束，继续以降频模式运行");
+      } else {
+        this.lastCycleAt = now;
+        return "paused";
+      }
+    }
+
+    const interval = this.currentInterval();
+    if (now - this.lastCycleAt < interval) {
+      return "skip";
+    }
+    this.lastCycleAt = now;
+    return "run";
+  }
+
+  registerRateLimit(source?: string): void {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    this.lastRateLimitAt = now;
+    if (this.state === "normal") {
+      this.state = "degraded";
+      this.log(
+        "warn",
+        `${source ? `${source} ` : ""}触发 429，降频至 ${(this.currentInterval() / 1000).toFixed(2)}s`
+      );
+      this.lastCycleAt = now;
+      this.suppressEntries(source);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.state === "degraded") {
+      this.state = "paused";
+      this.pausedUntil = now + this.pauseMs;
+      this.log(
+        "warn",
+        `${source ? `${source} ` : ""}连续 429，暂停请求 ${(this.pauseMs / 1000).toFixed(0)}s`
+      );
+      this.suppressEntries(source);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.pausedUntil = now + this.pauseMs;
+    this.log(
+      "warn",
+      `${source ? `${source} ` : ""}限频仍在持续，延长暂停 ${(this.pauseMs / 1000).toFixed(0)}s`
+    );
+    this.suppressEntries(source);
+  }
+
+  onCycleComplete(hadRateLimit: boolean): void {
+    if (hadRateLimit) return;
+    if (this.state === "degraded" && this.lastRateLimitAt > 0) {
+      const now = Date.now();
+      if (now - this.lastRateLimitAt >= this.recoveryMs) {
+        this.state = "normal";
+        this.log("info", "限频恢复，重置为正常请求频率");
+        this.allowEntries();
+        this.lastRateLimitAt = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.state === "normal" && this.entriesSuppressed && this.lastRateLimitAt === 0) {
+      this.allowEntries();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private currentInterval(): number {
+    if (this.state === "degraded") {
+      return this.baseInterval * 2;
+    }
+    if (this.state === "paused") {
+      return this.baseInterval * 2;
+    }
+    return this.baseInterval;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/core/maker-engine.ts b/src/core/maker-engine.ts
index 9f9e869..215a5a0 100644
--- a/src/core/maker-engine.ts
+++ b/src/core/maker-engine.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type {
 } from "../exchanges/types";
 import { roundDownToTick } from "../utils/math";
 import { createTradeLog, type TradeLogEntry } from "../state/trade-log";
-import { isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
+import { isUnknownOrderError, isRateLimitError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { getPosition, type PositionSnapshot } from "../utils/strategy";
 import { computePositionPnl } from "../utils/pnl";
 import { getTopPrices, getMidOrLast } from "../utils/price";
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {
 import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "./order-coordinator";
 import { makeOrderPlan } from "./lib/order-plan";
 import { safeCancelOrder } from "./lib/orders";
+import { RateLimitController } from "./lib/rate-limit";
 
 interface DesiredOrder {
   side: "BUY" | "SELL";
@@ -74,9 +75,13 @@ export class MakerEngine {
   private initialOrderSnapshotReady = false;
   private initialOrderResetDone = false;
   private entryPricePendingLogged = false;
+  private readonly rateLimit: RateLimitController;
 
   constructor(private readonly config: MakerConfig, private readonly exchange: ExchangeAdapter) {
     this.tradeLog = createTradeLog(this.config.maxLogEntries);
+    this.rateLimit = new RateLimitController(this.config.refreshIntervalMs, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
@@ -215,7 +220,16 @@ export class MakerEngine {
   private async tick(): Promise<void> {
     if (this.processing) return;
     this.processing = true;
+    let hadRateLimit = false;
     try {
+      const decision = this.rateLimit.beforeCycle();
+      if (decision === "paused") {
+        this.emitUpdate();
+        return;
+      }
+      if (decision === "skip") {
+        return;
+      }
       if (!this.isReady()) {
         this.emitUpdate();
         return;
@@ -237,11 +251,14 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
       const absPosition = Math.abs(position.positionAmt);
       const desired: DesiredOrder[] = [];
+      const canEnter = !this.rateLimit.shouldBlockEntries();
 
       if (absPosition < EPS) {
         this.entryPricePendingLogged = false;
-        desired.push({ side: "BUY", price: bidPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
-        desired.push({ side: "SELL", price: askPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
+        if (canEnter) {
+          desired.push({ side: "BUY", price: bidPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
+          desired.push({ side: "SELL", price: askPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
+        }
       } else {
         const closeSide: "BUY" | "SELL" = position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY";
         const closePrice = closeSide === "SELL" ? askPrice : bidPrice;
@@ -254,13 +271,32 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       await this.checkRisk(position, bidPrice, askPrice);
       this.emitUpdate();
     } catch (error) {
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `做市循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+      if (isRateLimitError(error)) {
+        hadRateLimit = true;
+        this.rateLimit.registerRateLimit("maker");
+        await this.enforceRateLimitStop();
+        this.tradeLog.push("warn", `MakerEngine 429: ${String(error)}`);
+      } else {
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", `做市循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+      }
       this.emitUpdate();
     } finally {
+      this.rateLimit.onCycleComplete(hadRateLimit);
       this.processing = false;
     }
   }
 
+  private async enforceRateLimitStop(): Promise<void> {
+    const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
+    if (Math.abs(position.positionAmt) < EPS) return;
+    const { topBid, topAsk } = getTopPrices(this.depthSnapshot);
+    if (topBid == null || topAsk == null) return;
+    const bidPrice = roundDownToTick(topBid - this.config.bidOffset, this.config.priceTick);
+    const askPrice = roundDownToTick(topAsk + this.config.askOffset, this.config.priceTick);
+    await this.checkRisk(position, bidPrice, askPrice);
+    await this.flushOrders();
+  }
+
   private async ensureStartupOrderReset(): Promise<boolean> {
     if (this.initialOrderResetDone) return true;
     if (!this.initialOrderSnapshotReady) return false;
diff --git a/src/core/offset-maker-engine.ts b/src/core/offset-maker-engine.ts
index 02e0850..d95e1db 100644
--- a/src/core/offset-maker-engine.ts
+++ b/src/core/offset-maker-engine.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type {
 } from "../exchanges/types";
 import { roundDownToTick } from "../utils/math";
 import { createTradeLog } from "../state/trade-log";
-import { isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
+import { isUnknownOrderError, isRateLimitError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { getPosition, type PositionSnapshot } from "../utils/strategy";
 import { computeDepthStats } from "../utils/depth";
 import { computePositionPnl } from "../utils/pnl";
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "./order-coord
 import type { MakerEngineSnapshot } from "./maker-engine";
 import { makeOrderPlan } from "./lib/order-plan";
 import { safeCancelOrder } from "./lib/orders";
+import { RateLimitController } from "./lib/rate-limit";
 
 interface DesiredOrder {
   side: "BUY" | "SELL";
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
   private initialOrderSnapshotReady = false;
   private initialOrderResetDone = false;
   private entryPricePendingLogged = false;
+  private readonly rateLimit: RateLimitController;
 
   private lastBuyDepthSum10 = 0;
   private lastSellDepthSum10 = 0;
@@ -77,6 +79,9 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
 
   constructor(private readonly config: MakerConfig, private readonly exchange: ExchangeAdapter) {
     this.tradeLog = createTradeLog(this.config.maxLogEntries);
+    this.rateLimit = new RateLimitController(this.config.refreshIntervalMs, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
@@ -214,7 +219,16 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
   private async tick(): Promise<void> {
     if (this.processing) return;
     this.processing = true;
+    let hadRateLimit = false;
     try {
+      const decision = this.rateLimit.beforeCycle();
+      if (decision === "paused") {
+        this.emitUpdate();
+        return;
+      }
+      if (decision === "skip") {
+        return;
+      }
       if (!this.isReady()) {
         this.emitUpdate();
         return;
@@ -249,13 +263,14 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       const askPrice = roundDownToTick(topAsk! + this.config.askOffset, this.config.priceTick);
       const absPosition = Math.abs(position.positionAmt);
       const desired: DesiredOrder[] = [];
+      const canEnter = !this.rateLimit.shouldBlockEntries();
 
       if (absPosition < EPS) {
         this.entryPricePendingLogged = false;
-        if (!skipBuySide) {
+        if (!skipBuySide && canEnter) {
           desired.push({ side: "BUY", price: bidPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
         }
-        if (!skipSellSide) {
+        if (!skipSellSide && canEnter) {
           desired.push({ side: "SELL", price: askPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
         }
       } else {
@@ -270,13 +285,53 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       await this.checkRisk(position, bidPrice, askPrice);
       this.emitUpdate();
     } catch (error) {
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `偏移做市循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+      if (isRateLimitError(error)) {
+        hadRateLimit = true;
+        this.rateLimit.registerRateLimit("offset-maker");
+        await this.enforceRateLimitStop();
+        this.tradeLog.push("warn", `OffsetMakerEngine 429: ${String(error)}`);
+      } else {
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", `偏移做市循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+      }
       this.emitUpdate();
     } finally {
+      this.rateLimit.onCycleComplete(hadRateLimit);
       this.processing = false;
     }
   }
 
+  private async enforceRateLimitStop(): Promise<void> {
+    const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
+    if (Math.abs(position.positionAmt) < EPS) return;
+    await this.flushOrders();
+    const absPosition = Math.abs(position.positionAmt);
+    const side: "BUY" | "SELL" = position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY";
+    try {
+      await marketClose(
+        this.exchange,
+        this.config.symbol,
+        this.openOrders,
+        this.locks,
+        this.timers,
+        this.pending,
+        side,
+        absPosition,
+        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+        {
+          markPrice: position.markPrice,
+          expectedPrice: Number(side === "SELL" ? this.depthSnapshot?.bids?.[0]?.[0] : this.depthSnapshot?.asks?.[0]?.[0]) || null,
+          maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
+        }
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
+        this.tradeLog.push("order", "限频强制平仓时订单已不存在");
+      } else {
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", `限频强制平仓失败: ${String(error)}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   private async ensureStartupOrderReset(): Promise<boolean> {
     if (this.initialOrderResetDone) return true;
     if (!this.initialOrderSnapshotReady) return false;
diff --git a/src/core/trend-engine.ts b/src/core/trend-engine.ts
index 09e12ba..e97eed0 100644
--- a/src/core/trend-engine.ts
+++ b/src/core/trend-engine.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import { isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { roundDownToTick } from "../utils/math";
 import { createTradeLog, type TradeLogEntry } from "../state/trade-log";
 import { decryptCopyright } from "../utils/copyright";
+import { isRateLimitError } from "../utils/errors";
+import { RateLimitController } from "./lib/rate-limit";
 
 export interface TrendEngineSnapshot {
   ready: boolean;
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@ export class TrendEngine {
   private initializedPosition = false;
   private cancelAllRequested = false;
   private readonly pendingCancelOrders = new Set<number>();
+  private readonly rateLimit: RateLimitController;
 
   // 控制入场频率：同一分钟内最多入场一次
   private lastEntryMinute: number | null = null;
@@ -102,6 +105,9 @@ export class TrendEngine {
 
   constructor(private readonly config: TradingConfig, private readonly exchange: ExchangeAdapter) {
     this.tradeLog = createTradeLog(this.config.maxLogEntries);
+    this.rateLimit = new RateLimitController(this.config.pollIntervalMs, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
@@ -240,7 +246,16 @@ export class TrendEngine {
   private async tick(): Promise<void> {
     if (this.processing) return;
     this.processing = true;
+    let hadRateLimit = false;
     try {
+      const decision = this.rateLimit.beforeCycle();
+      if (decision === "paused") {
+        this.emitUpdate();
+        return;
+      }
+      if (decision === "skip") {
+        return;
+      }
       if (!this.ordersSnapshotReady) {
         this.emitUpdate();
         return;
@@ -259,7 +274,9 @@ export class TrendEngine {
       const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
 
       if (Math.abs(position.positionAmt) < 1e-5) {
-        await this.handleOpenPosition(price, sma30);
+        if (!this.rateLimit.shouldBlockEntries()) {
+          await this.handleOpenPosition(price, sma30);
+        }
       } else {
         const result = await this.handlePositionManagement(position, price);
         if (result.closed) {
@@ -273,13 +290,33 @@ export class TrendEngine {
       this.lastPrice = price;
       this.emitUpdate();
     } catch (error) {
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `策略循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+      if (isRateLimitError(error)) {
+        hadRateLimit = true;
+        this.rateLimit.registerRateLimit("trend");
+        await this.enforceRateLimitStop();
+        this.tradeLog.push("warn", `TrendEngine 429: ${String(error)}`);
+      } else {
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", `策略循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+      }
       this.emitUpdate();
     } finally {
+      this.rateLimit.onCycleComplete(hadRateLimit);
       this.processing = false;
     }
   }
 
+  private async enforceRateLimitStop(): Promise<void> {
+    const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
+    if (Math.abs(position.positionAmt) < 1e-5) return;
+    const price = this.getReferencePrice() ?? Number(this.tickerSnapshot?.lastPrice) ?? this.lastPrice;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(price) || price == null) return;
+    const result = await this.handlePositionManagement(position, Number(price));
+    if (result.closed) {
+      this.totalTrades += 1;
+      this.totalProfit += result.pnl;
+    }
+  }
+
   private logStartupState(): void {
     if (this.startupLogged) return;
     const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
diff --git a/src/exchanges/types.ts b/src/exchanges/types.ts
index c35bd61..bb676d7 100644
--- a/src/exchanges/types.ts
+++ b/src/exchanges/types.ts
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ export interface AsterOrder {
   reduceOnly: boolean;
   closePosition: boolean;
   workingType?: string;
+  activationPrice?: string;
   avgPrice?: string;
   cumQuote?: string;
   origType?: string;
diff --git a/src/utils/errors.ts b/src/utils/errors.ts
index dda74cc..2825321 100644
--- a/src/utils/errors.ts
+++ b/src/utils/errors.ts
@@ -13,3 +13,26 @@ export function extractMessage(error: unknown): string {
     return String(error);
   }
 }
+
+export function isRateLimitError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  if (!error) return false;
+  if (typeof error === "object" && "status" in error) {
+    const status = Number((error as { status?: unknown }).status);
+    if (Number.isFinite(status) && status === 429) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  if (typeof error === "object" && "code" in error) {
+    const code = (error as { code?: unknown }).code;
+    if (code === 429 || code === "429") {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  const message = extractMessage(error).toLowerCase();
+  return (
+    message.includes("429") ||
+    message.includes("too many requests") ||
+    message.includes("rate limit") ||
+    message.includes("request rate")
+  );
+}