diff --git a/src/core/order-coordinator.ts b/src/core/order-coordinator.ts
index 62685c8..8f684d2 100644
--- a/src/core/order-coordinator.ts
+++ b/src/core/order-coordinator.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { roundDownToTick, roundQtyDownToStep } from "../utils/math";
 import { isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { isOrderPriceAllowedByMark } from "../utils/strategy";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 export type OrderLockMap = Record<string, boolean>;
 export type OrderTimerMap = Record<string, ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>;
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ function enforceMarkPriceGuard(
   toCheckPrice: number | null | undefined,
   guard: OrderGuardOptions | undefined,
   log: LogHandler,
-  context: string
+  kind: string
 ): boolean {
   if (!guard || guard.maxPct == null) return true;
   const allowed = isOrderPriceAllowedByMark({
@@ -104,7 +105,13 @@ function enforceMarkPriceGuard(
     const markStr = Number.isFinite(Number(guard.markPrice)) ? Number(guard.markPrice).toFixed(2) : String(guard.markPrice);
     log(
       "info",
-      `${context} 保护触发：side=${side} price=${priceStr} mark=${markStr} 超过 ${(guard.maxPct! * 100).toFixed(2)}%`
+      t("log.order.markGuardBlocked", {
+        kind,
+        side,
+        price: priceStr,
+        mark: markStr,
+        pct: (guard.maxPct! * 100).toFixed(2),
+      })
     );
     return false;
   }
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ export function lockOperating(
   timers[type] = setTimeout(() => {
     locks[type] = false;
     pendings[type] = null;
-    log("info", `${type} 操作超时自动解锁`);
+    log("info", t("log.order.lockTimeout", { type }));
   }, timeout);
 }
 
@@ -182,12 +189,12 @@ export async function deduplicateOrders(
   try {
     lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
     await adapter.cancelOrders({ symbol, orderIdList });
-    log("order", `去重撤销重复 ${type} 单: ${orderIdList.join(",")}`);
+    log("order", t("log.order.dedupeCancelled", { type, ids: orderIdList.join(",") }));
   } catch (err) {
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "去重时发现订单已不存在，跳过删除");
+      log("order", t("log.order.dedupeGone"));
     } else {
-      log("error", `去重撤单失败: ${String(err)}`);
+      log("error", t("log.order.dedupeFailed", { error: String(err) }));
     }
   } finally {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
@@ -203,10 +210,10 @@ export async function placeOrder(
   const type = "LIMIT";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
   const priceNum = Number(request.price);
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, priceNum, guard, log, "限价单")) return;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, priceNum, guard, log, t("order.kind.limit"))) return;
   const quantity = normalizeQuantity(request.amount, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (quantity <= 0) {
-    log("error", "限价单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.limit") }));
     return;
   }
   if (!request.skipDedupe) {
@@ -229,12 +236,21 @@ export async function placeOrder(
       clientOrderId: request.clientOrderId,
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("order", `挂限价单: ${side} @ ${priceNum} 数量 ${quantity} reduceOnly=${reduceOnly}${request.slPrice ? ` sl=${request.slPrice}` : ""}`);
+    log(
+      "order",
+      t("log.order.limitPlaced", {
+        side,
+        price: priceNum,
+        quantity,
+        reduceOnly,
+        sl: request.slPrice ? ` sl=${request.slPrice}` : "",
+      })
+    );
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "订单已成交或被撤销，跳过新单");
+      log("order", t("log.order.limitGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
@@ -249,10 +265,10 @@ export async function placeMarketOrder(
   const { side, openOrders, guard, reduceOnly = false } = request;
   const type = "MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, "市价单")) return;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, t("order.kind.market"))) return;
   const quantity = normalizeQuantity(request.amount, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (quantity <= 0) {
-    log("error", "市价单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.market") }));
     return;
   }
   await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, type, side);
@@ -268,12 +284,12 @@ export async function placeMarketOrder(
       closePosition,
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("order", `市价单: ${side} 数量 ${quantity} reduceOnly=${reduceOnly}`);
+    log("order", t("log.order.marketPlaced", { side, quantity, reduceOnly }));
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "市价单失败但订单已不存在，忽略");
+      log("order", t("log.order.marketGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
@@ -288,21 +304,21 @@ export async function placeStopLossOrder(
   const { side, openOrders, guard, stopPrice, lastPrice } = request;
   const type = "STOP_MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, stopPrice, guard, log, "止损单")) return;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, stopPrice, guard, log, t("order.kind.stop"))) return;
   if (lastPrice != null) {
     if (side === "SELL" && stopPrice >= lastPrice) {
-      log("error", `止损价 ${stopPrice} 高于或等于当前价 ${lastPrice}，取消挂单`);
+      log("error", t("log.order.stopAboveLast", { stopPrice, lastPrice }));
       return;
     }
     if (side === "BUY" && stopPrice <= lastPrice) {
-      log("error", `止损价 ${stopPrice} 低于或等于当前价 ${lastPrice}，取消挂单`);
+      log("error", t("log.order.stopBelowLast", { stopPrice, lastPrice }));
       return;
     }
   }
   const normalizedStop = roundDownToTick(stopPrice, request.priceTick ?? DEFAULT_PRICE_TICK);
   const normalizedQty = normalizeQuantity(request.quantity, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (normalizedQty <= 0) {
-    log("error", "止损单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.stop") }));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -322,12 +338,12 @@ export async function placeStopLossOrder(
       triggerType: "STOP_LOSS",
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("stop", `挂止损单: ${side} STOP_MARKET @ ${normalizedStop}`);
+    log("stop", t("log.order.stopPlaced", { side, stopPrice: normalizedStop }));
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "止损单已失效，跳过");
+      log("order", t("log.order.stopGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
@@ -343,14 +359,14 @@ export async function placeTrailingStopOrder(
   const type = "TRAILING_STOP_MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
   if (!adapter.supportsTrailingStops()) {
-    log("error", "当前交易所不支持动态止盈单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.trailingUnsupported"));
     return;
   }
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, activationPrice, guard, log, "动态止盈单")) return;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, activationPrice, guard, log, t("order.kind.trailing"))) return;
   const normalizedActivation = roundDownToTick(activationPrice, request.priceTick ?? DEFAULT_PRICE_TICK);
   const normalizedQty = normalizeQuantity(request.quantity, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (normalizedQty <= 0) {
-    log("error", "动态止盈单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.trailing") }));
     return;
   }
   await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, type, side);
@@ -369,13 +385,17 @@ export async function placeTrailingStopOrder(
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
     log(
       "order",
-      `挂动态止盈单: ${side} activation=${normalizedActivation} callbackRate=${callbackRate}`
+      t("log.order.trailingPlaced", {
+        side,
+        activation: normalizedActivation,
+        callbackRate,
+      })
     );
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "动态止盈单已失效，跳过");
+      log("order", t("log.order.trailingGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
@@ -387,7 +407,7 @@ export async function marketClose(ctx: OrderContext, request: MarketCloseRequest
   const { side, openOrders, guard, qtyStep } = request;
   const type = "MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, "市价平仓")) return;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, t("order.kind.close"))) return;
 
   const rawQuantity = Math.abs(request.quantity);
   let normalizedQty = qtyStep != null ? normalizeQuantity(rawQuantity, qtyStep) : rawQuantity;
@@ -400,7 +420,7 @@ export async function marketClose(ctx: OrderContext, request: MarketCloseRequest
     }
   }
   if (normalizedQty <= 0) {
-    log("error", "市价平仓数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.close") }));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -416,11 +436,11 @@ export async function marketClose(ctx: OrderContext, request: MarketCloseRequest
       closePosition: true,
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("close", `市价平仓: ${side}`);
+    log("close", t("log.order.closePlaced", { side }));
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "市场平仓时订单已不存在");
+      log("order", t("log.order.closeGone"));
       return;
     }
     throw err;
diff --git a/src/i18n/index.ts b/src/i18n/index.ts
index 7003b75..db45890 100644
--- a/src/i18n/index.ts
+++ b/src/i18n/index.ts
@@ -725,6 +725,141 @@ const translations: Record<string, TranslationEntry> = {
   "log.trend.trailingFail": { zh: "挂动态止盈失败: {error}", en: "Failed to place trailing stop: {error}" },
   "log.trend.updateHandlerError": { zh: "更新回调处理异常: {error}", en: "Update handler error: {error}" },
   "log.trend.snapshotDispatchError": { zh: "快照或更新分发异常: {error}", en: "Snapshot/update dispatch error: {error}" },
+  // --- core/order-coordinator ---
+  "order.kind.limit": { zh: "限价单", en: "Limit order" },
+  "order.kind.market": { zh: "市价单", en: "Market order" },
+  "order.kind.stop": { zh: "止损单", en: "Stop order" },
+  "order.kind.trailing": { zh: "动态止盈单", en: "Trailing stop order" },
+  "order.kind.close": { zh: "市价平仓", en: "Market close" },
+  "log.order.markGuardBlocked": {
+    zh: "{kind} 保护触发：side={side} price={price} mark={mark} 超过 {pct}%",
+    en: "{kind} blocked by mark-price guard: side={side} price={price} mark={mark} exceeds {pct}%",
+  },
+  "log.order.lockTimeout": {
+    zh: "{type} 操作超时自动解锁",
+    en: "{type} operation timed out; lock released",
+  },
+  "log.order.dedupeCancelled": {
+    zh: "去重撤销重复 {type} 单: {ids}",
+    en: "Cancelled duplicate {type} orders: {ids}",
+  },
+  "log.order.dedupeGone": {
+    zh: "去重时发现订单已不存在，跳过删除",
+    en: "Order already gone while deduplicating; skipping cancel",
+  },
+  "log.order.dedupeFailed": {
+    zh: "去重撤单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to cancel duplicates: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.order.invalidQuantity": {
+    zh: "{kind}数量无效，跳过下单",
+    en: "{kind} quantity is invalid; skipping",
+  },
+  "log.order.limitPlaced": {
+    zh: "挂限价单: {side} @ {price} 数量 {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}{sl}",
+    en: "Placed limit order: {side} @ {price} qty {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}{sl}",
+  },
+  "log.order.limitGone": {
+    zh: "订单已成交或被撤销，跳过新单",
+    en: "Order already filled or cancelled; skipping new order",
+  },
+  "log.order.marketPlaced": {
+    zh: "市价单: {side} 数量 {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}",
+    en: "Market order: {side} qty {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}",
+  },
+  "log.order.marketGone": {
+    zh: "市价单失败但订单已不存在，忽略",
+    en: "Market order failed but the order is already gone; ignoring",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopAboveLast": {
+    zh: "止损价 {stopPrice} 高于或等于当前价 {lastPrice}，取消挂单",
+    en: "Stop price {stopPrice} is at or above the last price {lastPrice}; not placing",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopBelowLast": {
+    zh: "止损价 {stopPrice} 低于或等于当前价 {lastPrice}，取消挂单",
+    en: "Stop price {stopPrice} is at or below the last price {lastPrice}; not placing",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopPlaced": {
+    zh: "挂止损单: {side} STOP_MARKET @ {stopPrice}",
+    en: "Placed stop order: {side} STOP_MARKET @ {stopPrice}",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopGone": { zh: "止损单已失效，跳过", en: "Stop order no longer valid; skipping" },
+  "log.order.trailingUnsupported": {
+    zh: "当前交易所不支持动态止盈单",
+    en: "This exchange does not support trailing stop orders",
+  },
+  "log.order.trailingPlaced": {
+    zh: "挂动态止盈单: {side} activation={activation} callbackRate={callbackRate}",
+    en: "Placed trailing stop: {side} activation={activation} callbackRate={callbackRate}",
+  },
+  "log.order.trailingGone": {
+    zh: "动态止盈单已失效，跳过",
+    en: "Trailing stop no longer valid; skipping",
+  },
+  "log.order.closePlaced": { zh: "市价平仓: {side}", en: "Market close: {side}" },
+  "log.order.closeGone": {
+    zh: "市场平仓时订单已不存在",
+    en: "Order already gone while closing at market",
+  },
+  // --- utils/standx-token-expiry ---
+  "token.expiringSoon": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 将在 {minutes} 分钟后过期",
+    en: "StandX token expires in {minutes} minutes",
+  },
+  "token.expiredCancelling": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 已过期，正在取消所有挂单",
+    en: "StandX token expired; cancelling all open orders",
+  },
+  "token.expiredWithPosition": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 已过期，仅保留平仓/止损逻辑",
+    en: "StandX token expired; only close/stop logic remains active",
+  },
+  "token.expiredSilent": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 已过期，进入静默数据接收模式",
+    en: "StandX token expired; entering silent data-only mode",
+  },
+  "log.token.closeOnlyForced": {
+    zh: "Token 过期，强制进入平仓模式，仅允许 reduce-only 订单",
+    en: "Token expired; forcing close-only mode, reduce-only orders only",
+  },
+  "log.token.silentEntered": {
+    zh: "进入静默数据接收模式，不再进行任何交易操作",
+    en: "Entered silent data-only mode; no further trading actions",
+  },
+  "log.token.ordersCancelled": {
+    zh: "Token 过期，已撤销所有挂单",
+    en: "Token expired; cancelled all open orders",
+  },
+  "log.token.cancelOrderMissing": {
+    zh: "Token 过期撤单时订单已不存在",
+    en: "Order already gone while cancelling after token expiry",
+  },
+  "log.token.cancelFailed": {
+    zh: "Token 过期撤单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to cancel orders after token expiry: {error}",
+  },
+  "notify.token.title": { zh: "Token 已过期", en: "Token expired" },
+  "notify.token.closeOnly": {
+    zh: "Token 已过期，进入平仓模式，不再开新仓",
+    en: "Token expired; entering close-only mode, no new positions",
+  },
+  "notify.token.silent": {
+    zh: "Token 已过期，策略进入静默模式",
+    en: "Token expired; strategy entering silent mode",
+  },
+  // --- strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard ---
+  "log.margin.switched": {
+    zh: "已切换为逐仓模式 (isolated)，恢复策略运行",
+    en: "Switched to isolated margin; resuming strategy",
+  },
+  "log.margin.switchUnconfirmed": {
+    zh: "逐仓模式切换未确认，当前模式: {mode}",
+    en: "Isolated margin switch unconfirmed; current mode: {mode}",
+  },
+  "log.margin.switchFailed": {
+    zh: "切换逐仓模式失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to switch to isolated margin: {error}",
+  },
 };
 
 const formatTemplate = (template: string, params: Record<string, unknown>): string => {
diff --git a/src/strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard.ts b/src/strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard.ts
index 81cda74..5b05fc9 100644
--- a/src/strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard.ts
+++ b/src/strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { AccountSnapshot } from "../../exchanges/types";
 import { extractMessage } from "../../utils/errors";
+import { t } from "../../i18n";
 import type { LogHandler } from "./subscriptions";
 
 /** Snapshot refreshes to wait through before giving up on the switch (~5s total). */
@@ -74,15 +75,15 @@ export class IsolatedMarginGuard {
           this.deps.applySnapshot(next);
         }
         if (this.currentMode() === "isolated") {
-          this.deps.log("info", "已切换为逐仓模式 (isolated)，恢复策略运行");
+          this.deps.log("info", t("log.margin.switched"));
           return true;
         }
         await sleep(CONFIRM_INTERVAL_MS);
       }
-      this.deps.log("warn", `逐仓模式切换未确认，当前模式: ${this.currentMode() ?? "unknown"}`);
+      this.deps.log("warn", t("log.margin.switchUnconfirmed", { mode: this.currentMode() ?? "unknown" }));
       return false;
     } catch (error) {
-      this.deps.log("error", `切换逐仓模式失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      this.deps.log("error", t("log.margin.switchFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
       return false;
     } finally {
       this.ensuring = null;
diff --git a/src/strategy/common/token-expiry-guard.ts b/src/strategy/common/token-expiry-guard.ts
index 7e062cb..44e7da5 100644
--- a/src/strategy/common/token-expiry-guard.ts
+++ b/src/strategy/common/token-expiry-guard.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   type TokenExpiryState,
   type TokenExpiryStatus,
 } from "../../utils/standx-token-expiry";
+import { t } from "../../i18n";
 import type { LogHandler } from "./subscriptions";
 
 /** What the engine should do for the rest of this tick. */
@@ -76,13 +77,13 @@ export class TokenExpiryGuard {
     if (status.state === "expired_with_position") {
       if (!this.closeOnly) {
         this.closeOnly = true;
-        this.deps.log("info", "Token 过期，强制进入平仓模式，仅允许 reduce-only 订单");
+        this.deps.log("info", t("log.token.closeOnlyForced"));
       }
       return { halt: false, closeOnly: true };
     }
 
     if (status.state === "silent" && previousState !== "silent") {
-      this.deps.log("info", "进入静默数据接收模式，不再进行任何交易操作");
+      this.deps.log("info", t("log.token.silentEntered"));
     }
     return { halt: true, closeOnly: this.closeOnly };
   }
@@ -120,18 +121,18 @@ export class TokenExpiryGuard {
     if (this.cancelDone || openOrderCount === 0) return;
     try {
       await this.deps.cancelAllOrders();
-      this.deps.log("order", "Token 过期，已撤销所有挂单");
+      this.deps.log("order", t("log.token.ordersCancelled"));
       this.deps.onOrdersCancelled();
       this.cancelDone = true;
     } catch (error) {
       if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
         // Nothing left to cancel is the outcome we wanted.
-        this.deps.log("order", "Token 过期撤单时订单已不存在");
+        this.deps.log("order", t("log.token.cancelOrderMissing"));
         this.cancelDone = true;
         return;
       }
       // Leave cancelDone false so the next tick retries.
-      this.deps.log("error", `Token 过期撤单失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      this.deps.log("error", t("log.token.cancelFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/strategy/maker-points-engine.ts b/src/strategy/maker-points-engine.ts
index 50c5919..83c875c 100644
--- a/src/strategy/maker-points-engine.ts
+++ b/src/strategy/maker-points-engine.ts
@@ -213,10 +213,8 @@ export class MakerPointsEngine {
           type: "token_expired",
           level: "warn",
           symbol: this.config.symbol,
-          title: "Token 已过期",
-          message: hasPosition
-            ? "Token 已过期，进入平仓模式，不再开新仓"
-            : "Token 已过期，策略进入静默模式",
+          title: t("notify.token.title"),
+          message: hasPosition ? t("notify.token.closeOnly") : t("notify.token.silent"),
           details: { hasPosition, hasOpenOrders, state },
         }),
       cancelAllOrders: () => this.exchange.cancelAllOrders({ symbol: this.config.symbol }),
diff --git a/src/strategy/trend-engine.ts b/src/strategy/trend-engine.ts
index 50323e2..68d1678 100644
--- a/src/strategy/trend-engine.ts
+++ b/src/strategy/trend-engine.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import { createTradeLog, type TradeLogEntry } from "../logging/trade-log";
 import { decryptCopyright } from "../utils/copyright";
 import { isRateLimitError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { RateLimitController } from "../core/lib/rate-limit";
+import type { TrendLabel } from "../utils/format";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
 import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ export interface TrendEngineSnapshot {
   lastPrice: number | null;
   sma30: number | null;
   bollingerBandwidth: number | null;
-  trend: "做多" | "做空" | "无信号";
+  trend: TrendLabel;
   position: PositionSnapshot;
   pnl: number;
   unrealized: number;
@@ -978,13 +979,14 @@ export class TrendEngine {
     const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
     const price = this.tickerSnapshot ? Number(this.tickerSnapshot.lastPrice) : null;
     const sma30 = this.lastSma30;
-    const trend = price == null || sma30 == null
-      ? "无信号"
-      : price > sma30
-      ? "做多"
-      : price < sma30
-      ? "做空"
-      : "无信号";
+    const trend: TrendLabel =
+      price == null || sma30 == null
+        ? "none"
+        : price > sma30
+          ? "long"
+          : price < sma30
+            ? "short"
+            : "none";
     const pnl = price != null ? computePositionPnl(position, price, price) : 0;
     return {
       ready: this.isReady(),
diff --git a/src/utils/format.ts b/src/utils/format.ts
index 0e9aead..5829ee0 100644
--- a/src/utils/format.ts
+++ b/src/utils/format.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
-export type TrendLabel = "做多" | "做空" | "无信号";
+/** Direction the trend engine reports; a domain value, not display text. */
+export type TrendLabel = "long" | "short" | "none";
 
 export function formatTrendLabel(trend: TrendLabel): string {
-  if (trend === "做多") return t("trend.label.long");
-  if (trend === "做空") return t("trend.label.short");
+  if (trend === "long") return t("trend.label.long");
+  if (trend === "short") return t("trend.label.short");
   return t("trend.label.none");
 }
 
diff --git a/src/utils/standx-token-expiry.ts b/src/utils/standx-token-expiry.ts
index ba0301c..d0a5cc9 100644
--- a/src/utils/standx-token-expiry.ts
+++ b/src/utils/standx-token-expiry.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { isStandxTokenExpired, getStandxTokenExpiryInfo, standxTokenConfig } from "../config";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 export type TokenExpiryState = "active" | "expired" | "expired_with_position" | "silent";
 
@@ -68,18 +69,18 @@ export function formatTokenExpiryMessage(status: TokenExpiryStatus): string | nu
   if (!status.expired) {
     if (status.remainingMs != null && status.remainingMs < 3600_000) {
       const mins = Math.ceil(status.remainingMs / 60_000);
-      return `StandX Token 将在 ${mins} 分钟后过期`;
+      return t("token.expiringSoon", { minutes: mins });
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   switch (status.state) {
     case "expired":
-      return "StandX Token 已过期，正在取消所有挂单";
+      return t("token.expiredCancelling");
     case "expired_with_position":
-      return "StandX Token 已过期，仅保留平仓/止损逻辑";
+      return t("token.expiredWithPosition");
     case "silent":
-      return "StandX Token 已过期，进入静默数据接收模式";
+      return t("token.expiredSilent");
     default:
       return null;
   }
diff --git a/tests/isolated-margin-guard.test.ts b/tests/isolated-margin-guard.test.ts
index b1e5d63..adcf1f4 100644
--- a/tests/isolated-margin-guard.test.ts
+++ b/tests/isolated-margin-guard.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { IsolatedMarginGuard } from "../src/strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard";
 import type { AccountSnapshot } from "../src/exchanges/types";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
 
 const SYMBOL = "BTC-USD";
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ describe("IsolatedMarginGuard", () => {
     });
     expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(true);
     expect(changeMarginMode).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ symbol: SYMBOL, marginMode: "isolated" });
-    expect(logs.some(([, detail]) => detail.includes("已切换为逐仓模式"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(logs.some(([, detail]) => detail === t("log.margin.switched"))).toBe(true);
   });
 
   it("gives up after the confirm attempts run out", async () => {
diff --git a/tests/order-coordinator.test.ts b/tests/order-coordinator.test.ts
index 539fba4..68eafda 100644
--- a/tests/order-coordinator.test.ts
+++ b/tests/order-coordinator.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterAll } from "vitest";
 import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "../src/exchanges/adapter";
 import type { Order } from "../src/exchanges/types";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
 import type {
   OrderContext,
   OrderLockMap,
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ describe("order-coordinator", () => {
     ];
     await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, "LIMIT", "BUY");
     expect(adapter.cancelOrders).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ symbol: "BTCUSDT", orderIdList: [2] });
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("order", expect.stringContaining("去重撤销重复"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("order", t("log.order.dedupeCancelled", { type: "LIMIT", ids: "2" }));
   });
 
   it("places limit orders and records pending id", async () => {
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ describe("order-coordinator", () => {
       lastPrice: 100,
     });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("stop", expect.stringContaining("STOP_MARKET"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("stop", t("log.order.stopPlaced", { side: "SELL", stopPrice: 99 }));
   });
 
   it("places trailing stop order", async () => {
@@ -125,7 +126,10 @@ describe("order-coordinator", () => {
       callbackRate: 0.2,
     });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("order", expect.stringContaining("挂动态止盈单"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "order",
+      t("log.order.trailingPlaced", { side: "SELL", activation: 101, callbackRate: 0.2 })
+    );
   });
 
   it("market close cancels open orders before placing close order", async () => {
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ describe("order-coordinator", () => {
       quantity: 1,
     });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("close", expect.stringContaining("市价平仓"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("close", t("log.order.closePlaced", { side: "SELL" }));
   });
 
   it("unlockOperating clears timers and pending", () => {
diff --git a/tests/token-expiry-guard.test.ts b/tests/token-expiry-guard.test.ts
index bcc2b3c..4a37f7a 100644
--- a/tests/token-expiry-guard.test.ts
+++ b/tests/token-expiry-guard.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi, afterEach } from "vitest";
 import { standxTokenConfig } from "../src/config";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
 import { TokenExpiryGuard } from "../src/strategy/common/token-expiry-guard";
 
 const HOUR_MS = 3_600_000;
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ describe("TokenExpiryGuard", () => {
     await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 0, openOrderCount: 0 });
     await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 0, openOrderCount: 0 });
     const entryLogs = logs.filter(
-      ([type, detail]) => type === "info" && detail.includes("静默数据接收模式")
+      ([type, detail]) => type === "info" && detail === t("log.token.silentEntered")
     );
     expect(entryLogs).toHaveLength(1);
   });