feat: 添加 Paradex 适配器支持，更新环境变量配置和适配器构建逻辑

.env.example

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Exchange selection
-EXCHANGE=aster                       # Pick aster (default) or grvt
+EXCHANGE=aster                       # Pick aster (default) or grvt/lighter/backpack/paradex
 
 # Aster API credentials
 ASTER_API_KEY=
@@ -77,4 +77,26 @@ BACKPACK_SANDBOX=false
 BACKPACK_SYMBOL=BTC_USD_PERP
 
 # Enable verbose adapter logging: set to "1" or "true"
-BACKPACK_DEBUG=false
+BACKPACK_DEBUG=false
+
+# Paradex exchange configuration
+# Provide the EVM private key & wallet address for onboarded accounts.
+# When EXCHANGE=paradex these values are used automatically.
+
+PARADEX_PRIVATE_KEY=
+PARADEX_WALLET_ADDRESS=
+
+# Symbol defaults to TRADE_SYMBOL if omitted. Use ccxt unified format like BTC-USD-PERP.
+# PARADEX_SYMBOL=BTC-USD-PERP
+
+# Enable testnet endpoints by setting to "true"; defaults to false (mainnet).
+# PARADEX_SANDBOX=false
+
+# Force disabling ccxt.pro websocket usage by setting to "false" (pro is preferred when installed).
+# PARADEX_USE_PRO=true
+
+# Optional reconnect delay override (milliseconds, e.g., 2000). Leave blank for default.
+# PARADEX_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS=
+
+# Enable verbose adapter logging: set to "1" or "true"
+# PARADEX_DEBUG=false

src/cli/strategy-runner.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import { makerConfig, tradingConfig } from "../config";
-import {
+import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-  createExchangeAdapter,
-  getExchangeDisplayName,
-  resolveExchangeId,
-} from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
 import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "../exchanges/adapter";
+import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
 import {
   MakerEngine,
   type MakerEngineSnapshot,
@@ -147,52 +144,7 @@ async function runEngine<TSnapshot extends TrendEngineSnapshot | MakerEngineSnap
 }
 
 function createAdapterOrThrow(symbol: string): ExchangeAdapter {
-  const exchangeId = resolveExchangeId();
+  return buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId: resolveExchangeId(), symbol });
-  if (exchangeId === "aster") {
-    const apiKey = process.env.ASTER_API_KEY;
-    const apiSecret = process.env.ASTER_API_SECRET;
-    if (!apiKey || !apiSecret) {
-      throw new Error("Missing ASTER_API_KEY or ASTER_API_SECRET environment variables");
-    }
-    return createExchangeAdapter({
-      exchange: exchangeId,
-      symbol,
-      aster: { apiKey, apiSecret },
-    });
-  }
-  if (exchangeId === "lighter") {
-    const accountIndex = parseInt(process.env.LIGHTER_ACCOUNT_INDEX ?? "", 10);
-    const privateKey = process.env.LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY;
-    if (!Number.isFinite(accountIndex) || !privateKey) {
-      throw new Error("LIGHTER_ACCOUNT_INDEX and LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY environment variables are required for Lighter exchange");
-    }
-    const apiKeyIndex = process.env.LIGHTER_API_KEY_INDEX ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_API_KEY_INDEX) : 0;
-    const lighterSymbol = process.env.LIGHTER_SYMBOL ?? symbol;
-    const marketId = process.env.LIGHTER_MARKET_ID ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_MARKET_ID) : undefined;
-    const priceDecimals = process.env.LIGHTER_PRICE_DECIMALS ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_PRICE_DECIMALS) : undefined;
-    const sizeDecimals = process.env.LIGHTER_SIZE_DECIMALS ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_SIZE_DECIMALS) : undefined;
-    return createExchangeAdapter({
-      exchange: exchangeId,
-      symbol,
-      lighter: {
-        marketSymbol: lighterSymbol,
-        accountIndex,
-        apiPrivateKey: privateKey,
-        apiKeyIndex,
-        baseUrl: process.env.LIGHTER_BASE_URL,
-        environment: process.env.LIGHTER_ENV,
-        marketId,
-        priceDecimals,
-        sizeDecimals,
-      },
-    });
-  }
-
-  return createExchangeAdapter({
-    exchange: exchangeId,
-    symbol,
-    grvt: { symbol },
-  });
 }
 
 type TradeLogEntry = { time: string; type: string; detail: string };

src/config.ts

@@ -10,9 +10,21 @@
  * - BACKPACK_SANDBOX: Set to "true" for sandbox mode
  * - BACKPACK_DEBUG: Set to "true" for debug logging
  * 
+ * Environment Variables for Paradex Exchange:
+ * - PARADEX_PRIVATE_KEY: Required EVM private key for REST/WS authentication
+ * - PARADEX_WALLET_ADDRESS: Required wallet address matching the private key
+ * - PARADEX_SYMBOL: Override symbol (defaults to TRADE_SYMBOL)
+ * - PARADEX_SANDBOX: Set to "true" to use testnet endpoints
+ * - PARADEX_USE_PRO: Set to "false" to disable ccxt.pro websocket feeds
+ * - PARADEX_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS: Optional websocket reconnect delay in ms (default 2000)
+ * - PARADEX_DEBUG: Set to "true" for verbose Paradex adapter logging
+ *
  * Usage: Set EXCHANGE=backpack to use Backpack exchange
+ *        Set EXCHANGE=paradex to use Paradex exchange
  */
 
+import { resolveExchangeId, type SupportedExchangeId } from "./exchanges/create-adapter";
+
 export interface TradingConfig {
   symbol: string;
   tradeAmount: number;
@@ -32,6 +44,28 @@ export interface TradingConfig {
   minBollingerBandwidth: number;
 }
 
+const SYMBOL_PRIORITY_BY_EXCHANGE: Record<SupportedExchangeId, { envKeys: string[]; fallback: string }> = {
+  aster: { envKeys: ["ASTER_SYMBOL", "TRADE_SYMBOL"], fallback: "BTCUSDT" },
+  grvt: { envKeys: ["GRVT_SYMBOL", "TRADE_SYMBOL"], fallback: "BTCUSDT" },
+  lighter: { envKeys: ["LIGHTER_SYMBOL", "TRADE_SYMBOL"], fallback: "BTCUSDT" },
+  backpack: { envKeys: ["BACKPACK_SYMBOL", "TRADE_SYMBOL"], fallback: "BTCUSDC" },
+  paradex: { envKeys: ["PARADEX_SYMBOL", "TRADE_SYMBOL"], fallback: "BTC/USDC" },
+};
+
+export function resolveSymbolFromEnv(explicitExchangeId?: SupportedExchangeId | string | null): string {
+  const exchangeId = explicitExchangeId
+    ? resolveExchangeId(explicitExchangeId)
+    : resolveExchangeId();
+  const { envKeys, fallback } = SYMBOL_PRIORITY_BY_EXCHANGE[exchangeId];
+  for (const key of envKeys) {
+    const value = process.env[key];
+    if (value && value.trim()) {
+      return value.trim();
+    }
+  }
+  return fallback;
+}
+
 function parseNumber(value: string | undefined, fallback: number): number {
   if (!value) return fallback;
   const next = Number(value);
@@ -39,7 +73,7 @@ function parseNumber(value: string | undefined, fallback: number): number {
 }
 
 export const tradingConfig: TradingConfig = {
-  symbol: process.env.TRADE_SYMBOL ?? "BTCUSDT",
+  symbol: resolveSymbolFromEnv(),
   tradeAmount: parseNumber(process.env.TRADE_AMOUNT, 0.001),
   lossLimit: parseNumber(process.env.LOSS_LIMIT, 0.03),
   trailingProfit: parseNumber(process.env.TRAILING_PROFIT, 0.2),
@@ -70,7 +104,7 @@ export interface MakerConfig {
 }
 
 export const makerConfig: MakerConfig = {
-  symbol: process.env.TRADE_SYMBOL ?? "BTCUSDT",
+  symbol: resolveSymbolFromEnv(),
   tradeAmount: parseNumber(process.env.TRADE_AMOUNT, 0.001),
   lossLimit: parseNumber(process.env.MAKER_LOSS_LIMIT, parseNumber(process.env.LOSS_LIMIT, 0.03)),
   bidOffset: parseNumber(process.env.MAKER_BID_OFFSET, 0),

src/core/order-coordinator.ts

@@ -242,6 +242,8 @@ export async function placeStopLossOrder(
     timeInForce: "GTC",
     quantity: roundQtyDownToStep(quantity, qtyStep),
   };
+  // 部分交易所（例如 Paradex）要求 STOP_MARKET 同时提供 price 字段
+  params.price = params.stopPrice;
   await deduplicateOrders(adapter, symbol, openOrders, locks, timers, pendings, type, side, log);
   lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
   try {

src/exchanges/create-adapter.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { AsterExchangeAdapter, type AsterCredentials } from "./aster-adapter";
 import { GrvtExchangeAdapter, type GrvtCredentials } from "./grvt/adapter";
 import { LighterExchangeAdapter, type LighterCredentials } from "./lighter/adapter";
 import { BackpackExchangeAdapter, type BackpackCredentials } from "./backpack/adapter";
+import { ParadexExchangeAdapter, type ParadexCredentials } from "./paradex/adapter";
 
 export interface ExchangeFactoryOptions {
   symbol: string;
@@ -11,9 +12,10 @@ export interface ExchangeFactoryOptions {
   grvt?: GrvtCredentials;
   lighter?: LighterCredentials;
   backpack?: BackpackCredentials;
+  paradex?: ParadexCredentials;
 }
 
-export type SupportedExchangeId = "aster" | "grvt" | "lighter" | "backpack";
+export type SupportedExchangeId = "aster" | "grvt" | "lighter" | "backpack" | "paradex";
 
 export function resolveExchangeId(value?: string | null): SupportedExchangeId {
   const fallback = (value ?? process.env.EXCHANGE ?? process.env.TRADE_EXCHANGE ?? "aster")
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ export function resolveExchangeId(value?: string | null): SupportedExchangeId {
   if (fallback === "grvt") return "grvt";
   if (fallback === "lighter") return "lighter";
   if (fallback === "backpack") return "backpack";
+  if (fallback === "paradex") return "paradex";
   return "aster";
 }
 
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ export function getExchangeDisplayName(id: SupportedExchangeId): string {
   if (id === "grvt") return "GRVT";
   if (id === "lighter") return "Lighter";
   if (id === "backpack") return "Backpack";
+  if (id === "paradex") return "Paradex";
   return "AsterDex";
 }
 
@@ -44,5 +48,8 @@ export function createExchangeAdapter(options: ExchangeFactoryOptions): Exchange
   if (id === "backpack") {
     return new BackpackExchangeAdapter({ ...options.backpack, symbol: options.symbol });
   }
+  if (id === "paradex") {
+    return new ParadexExchangeAdapter({ ...options.paradex, symbol: options.symbol });
+  }
   return new AsterExchangeAdapter({ ...options.aster, symbol: options.symbol });
 }

src/exchanges/paradex/adapter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+import { setTimeout, clearTimeout } from "timers";
+import type {
+  AccountListener,
+  DepthListener,
+  ExchangeAdapter,
+  KlineListener,
+  OrderListener,
+  TickerListener,
+} from "../adapter";
+import type { AsterOrder, CreateOrderParams } from "../types";
+import { extractMessage } from "../../utils/errors";
+import { ParadexGateway, type ParadexGatewayOptions } from "./gateway";
+
+export interface ParadexCredentials {
+  privateKey?: string;
+  walletAddress?: string;
+  sandbox?: boolean;
+  pollIntervals?: ParadexGatewayOptions["pollIntervals"];
+  watchReconnectDelayMs?: number;
+  usePro?: boolean;
+  symbol?: string;
+}
+
+export class ParadexExchangeAdapter implements ExchangeAdapter {
+  readonly id = "paradex";
+
+  private readonly gateway: ParadexGateway;
+  private readonly symbol: string;
+  private initPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly initContexts = new Set<string>();
+  private retryTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  private retryDelayMs = 3000;
+  private lastInitErrorAt = 0;
+
+  constructor(credentials: ParadexCredentials = {}) {
+    const privateKey = credentials.privateKey ?? process.env.PARADEX_PRIVATE_KEY;
+    const walletAddress = credentials.walletAddress ?? process.env.PARADEX_WALLET_ADDRESS;
+    const sandbox = credentials.sandbox ?? (process.env.PARADEX_SANDBOX === "true");
+    const symbol = credentials.symbol ?? process.env.PARADEX_SYMBOL ?? process.env.TRADE_SYMBOL ?? "BTC/USDC";
+    const usePro = credentials.usePro ?? this.parseBooleanEnv(process.env.PARADEX_USE_PRO);
+    const watchReconnectDelayMs =
+      credentials.watchReconnectDelayMs ?? this.parseNumberEnv(process.env.PARADEX_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS);
+
+    this.gateway = new ParadexGateway({
+      symbol,
+      displaySymbol: symbol,
+      privateKey,
+      walletAddress,
+      sandbox,
+      pollIntervals: credentials.pollIntervals,
+      watchReconnectDelayMs,
+      usePro,
+      logger: (context, error) => this.logError(context, error),
+    });
+
+    this.symbol = symbol;
+  }
+
+  supportsTrailingStops(): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  watchAccount(cb: AccountListener): void {
+    void this.ensureInitialized("watchAccount");
+    this.gateway.onAccount(this.safeInvoke("watchAccount", cb));
+  }
+
+  watchOrders(cb: OrderListener): void {
+    void this.ensureInitialized("watchOrders");
+    this.gateway.onOrders(this.safeInvoke("watchOrders", cb));
+  }
+
+  watchDepth(symbol: string, cb: DepthListener): void {
+    void this.ensureInitialized(`watchDepth:${symbol}`);
+    this.gateway.onDepth(this.safeInvoke("watchDepth", cb));
+  }
+
+  watchTicker(symbol: string, cb: TickerListener): void {
+    void this.ensureInitialized(`watchTicker:${symbol}`);
+    this.gateway.onTicker(this.safeInvoke("watchTicker", cb));
+  }
+
+  watchKlines(symbol: string, interval: string, cb: KlineListener): void {
+    void this.ensureInitialized(`watchKlines:${symbol}:${interval}`);
+    this.gateway.watchKlines(interval, this.safeInvoke("watchKlines", cb));
+  }
+
+  async createOrder(params: CreateOrderParams): Promise<AsterOrder> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized("createOrder");
+    return this.gateway.createOrder(params);
+  }
+
+  async cancelOrder(params: { symbol: string; orderId: number | string }): Promise<void> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized("cancelOrder");
+    await this.gateway.cancelOrder(params);
+  }
+
+  async cancelOrders(params: { symbol: string; orderIdList: Array<number | string> }): Promise<void> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized("cancelOrders");
+    await this.gateway.cancelOrders(params);
+  }
+
+  async cancelAllOrders(params: { symbol: string }): Promise<void> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized("cancelAllOrders");
+    await this.gateway.cancelAllOrders(params);
+  }
+
+  private safeInvoke<T extends (...args: any[]) => void>(context: string, cb: T): T {
+    const wrapped = ((...args: any[]) => {
+      try {
+        cb(...args);
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.error(`[ParadexExchangeAdapter] ${context} handler failed: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      }
+    }) as T;
+    return wrapped;
+  }
+
+  private ensureInitialized(context?: string): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.initPromise) {
+      this.initContexts.clear();
+      this.initPromise = this.gateway
+        .ensureInitialized(this.symbol)
+        .then((value) => {
+          this.clearRetry();
+          return value;
+        })
+        .catch((error) => {
+          this.handleInitError("initialize", error);
+          this.initPromise = null;
+          this.scheduleRetry();
+          throw error;
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (context && !this.initContexts.has(context)) {
+      this.initContexts.add(context);
+      this.initPromise.catch((error) => {
+        this.handleInitError(context, error);
+        this.scheduleRetry();
+      });
+    }
+
+    return this.initPromise;
+  }
+
+  private scheduleRetry(): void {
+    if (this.retryTimer) return;
+    this.retryTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      this.retryTimer = null;
+      if (this.initPromise) return;
+      this.retryDelayMs = Math.min(this.retryDelayMs * 2, 60_000);
+      void this.ensureInitialized("retry");
+    }, this.retryDelayMs);
+  }
+
+  private clearRetry(): void {
+    if (this.retryTimer) {
+      clearTimeout(this.retryTimer);
+      this.retryTimer = null;
+    }
+    this.retryDelayMs = 3000;
+  }
+
+  private handleInitError(context: string, error: unknown): void {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    if (now - this.lastInitErrorAt < 5000) return;
+    this.lastInitErrorAt = now;
+    console.error(`[ParadexExchangeAdapter] ${context} failed`, error);
+  }
+
+  private logError(context: string, error: unknown): void {
+    const detail = extractMessage(error);
+    if (context === "initialize" && typeof error === "string" && /initialized/i.test(error)) {
+      if (process.env.PARADEX_DEBUG === "1" || process.env.PARADEX_DEBUG === "true") {
+        console.info(`[ParadexExchangeAdapter] ${error}`);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    const message = `[ParadexExchangeAdapter] ${context} failed: ${detail}`;
+    const criticalContexts = [
+      "initialize",
+      "accountPoll",
+      "watchBalanceLoop",
+      "orderPoll",
+      "orderPollOpen",
+      "orderPollClosed",
+    ];
+    if (
+      criticalContexts.some((prefix) => context.startsWith(prefix)) ||
+      process.env.PARADEX_DEBUG === "1" ||
+      process.env.PARADEX_DEBUG === "true"
+    ) {
+      console.error(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private parseBooleanEnv(value: string | undefined): boolean | undefined {
+    if (value === undefined) return undefined;
+    const normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase();
+    if (["false", "0", "no", "off", ""].includes(normalized)) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private parseNumberEnv(value: string | undefined): number | undefined {
+    if (!value) return undefined;
+    const parsed = Number(value);
+    return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : undefined;
+  }
+}

src/exchanges/paradex/gateway.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,995 @@
+import ccxt, {
+  type Balances,
+  type Order as CcxtOrder,
+  type OrderBook as CcxtOrderBook,
+  type OHLCV as CcxtOhlcv,
+  type Ticker as CcxtTicker,
+} from "ccxt";
+import { createRequire } from "module";
+import type {
+  AsterAccountAsset,
+  AsterAccountSnapshot,
+  AsterDepth,
+  AsterKline,
+  AsterOrder,
+  AsterTicker,
+  CreateOrderParams,
+  OrderType,
+} from "../types";
+import type {
+  AccountListener,
+  DepthListener,
+  KlineListener,
+  OrderListener,
+  TickerListener,
+} from "../adapter";
+import { extractMessage } from "../../utils/errors";
+
+const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
+
+function loadCcxtPro(): any | null {
+  try {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
+    const mod = require("ccxt.pro");
+    return mod?.default ?? mod;
+  } catch (_error) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export interface ParadexGatewayOptions {
+  symbol: string;
+  displaySymbol: string;
+  privateKey?: string;
+  walletAddress?: string;
+  paradexAccount?: {
+    privateKey: string;
+    publicKey: string;
+    address: string;
+  };
+  sandbox?: boolean;
+  logger?: (context: string, error: unknown) => void;
+  pollIntervals?: {
+    account?: number;
+    orders?: number;
+    depth?: number;
+    ticker?: number;
+    klines?: number;
+  };
+  usePro?: boolean;
+  watchReconnectDelayMs?: number;
+}
+
+interface ProLoopControl {
+  running: boolean;
+}
+
+type ParadexPollingConfig = {
+  account: number;
+  orders: number;
+  depth: number;
+  ticker: number;
+  klines: number;
+};
+
+export class ParadexGateway {
+  private readonly exchange: any;
+  private readonly hasPro: boolean;
+  private readonly symbol: string;
+  private marketSymbol: string;
+  private readonly displaySymbol: string;
+  private readonly logger: (context: string, error: unknown) => void;
+  private readonly pollIntervals: ParadexPollingConfig;
+  private readonly reconnectDelayMs: number;
+  private initialized = false;
+  private initPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private destroyed = false;
+  private onboardingChecked = false;
+
+  private accountListeners = new Set<AccountListener>();
+  private orderListeners = new Set<OrderListener>();
+  private depthListeners = new Set<DepthListener>();
+  private tickerListeners = new Set<TickerListener>();
+  private klineListeners = new Map<string, Set<KlineListener>>();
+  private readonly localOrders = new Map<string, AsterOrder>();
+  private lastBalanceSnapshot: AsterAccountSnapshot | null = null;
+
+  private accountPollTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+  private orderPollTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+  private depthPollTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+  private tickerPollTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+  private klinePollTimers = new Map<string, NodeJS.Timeout>();
+
+  private proLoops = new Map<string, ProLoopControl>();
+  private klineProLoops = new Map<string, ProLoopControl>();
+
+  constructor(options: ParadexGatewayOptions) {
+    this.symbol = options.symbol;
+    this.marketSymbol = this.symbol;
+    this.displaySymbol = options.displaySymbol;
+    this.logger = options.logger ?? ((context, error) => console.error(`[ParadexGateway] ${context}:`, error));
+    this.pollIntervals = {
+      account: options.pollIntervals?.account ?? 5000,
+      orders: options.pollIntervals?.orders ?? 2000,
+      depth: options.pollIntervals?.depth ?? 1000,
+      ticker: options.pollIntervals?.ticker ?? 2000,
+      klines: options.pollIntervals?.klines ?? 5000,
+    };
+    this.reconnectDelayMs = options.watchReconnectDelayMs ?? 2000;
+
+    const ccxtProModule = options.usePro === false ? null : loadCcxtPro();
+    this.hasPro = Boolean(ccxtProModule && ccxtProModule.paradex);
+
+    const ExchangeCtor = this.hasPro ? ccxtProModule.paradex : (ccxt as any).paradex;
+
+    const exchangeOptions: Record<string, unknown> = {
+      enableRateLimit: true,
+      timeout: 30000,
+      sandboxMode: options.sandbox ?? false,
+    };
+
+    if (options.privateKey) {
+      exchangeOptions.privateKey = options.privateKey;
+    }
+    exchangeOptions.walletAddress = options.walletAddress;
+
+    this.exchange = new ExchangeCtor(exchangeOptions);
+  }
+
+  async ensureInitialized(symbol?: string): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.destroyed) {
+      throw new Error("Paradex gateway destroyed");
+    }
+    if (this.initialized) {
+      if (symbol && symbol.toUpperCase() !== this.marketSymbol) {
+        const resolved = this.resolveMarketSymbol(symbol.toUpperCase());
+        if (!resolved) {
+          throw new Error(`Symbol ${symbol} not found in Paradex markets`);
+        }
+        this.marketSymbol = resolved;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.initPromise) return this.initPromise;
+    this.initPromise = this.doInitialize(symbol)
+      .then((value) => {
+        this.initialized = true;
+        return value;
+      })
+      .catch((error) => {
+        this.initPromise = null;
+        throw error;
+      });
+    return this.initPromise;
+  }
+
+  private async doInitialize(symbol?: string): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      await this.exchange.loadMarkets();
+      const requested = symbol ?? this.symbol;
+      const resolved = this.resolveMarketSymbol(requested);
+      if (!resolved) {
+        throw new Error(`Symbol ${requested} not found in Paradex markets`);
+      }
+      this.marketSymbol = resolved;
+      await this.verifyAccountAccess();
+      this.logger("initialize", `Paradex gateway initialized for ${this.marketSymbol}${this.hasPro ? " (pro)" : ""}`);
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger("initialize", error);
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private resolveMarketSymbol(requested: string): string | null {
+    const symbol = (requested ?? "").trim();
+    if (!symbol) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const markets = this.exchange.markets ?? {};
+    const marketsById = this.exchange.markets_by_id ?? {};
+
+    if (markets[symbol]) {
+      return markets[symbol].symbol;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof this.exchange.market === "function") {
+      try {
+        const market = this.exchange.market(symbol);
+        if (market?.symbol) {
+          return market.symbol;
+        }
+      } catch {
+        /* ignore */
+      }
+    }
+
+    const lower = symbol.toLowerCase();
+    for (const candidate of this.exchange.symbols ?? []) {
+      if (candidate.toLowerCase() === lower && markets[candidate]) {
+        return markets[candidate].symbol;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (marketsById[symbol]) {
+      const entry = marketsById[symbol];
+      if (Array.isArray(entry) && entry.length > 0) {
+        return (entry[0] as any).symbol ?? null;
+      }
+      return (entry as any).symbol ?? null;
+    }
+
+    for (const [id, market] of Object.entries(marketsById)) {
+      if (id.toLowerCase() === lower) {
+        if (Array.isArray(market) && market.length > 0) {
+          return (market[0] as any).symbol ?? null;
+        }
+        return (market as any).symbol ?? null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  destroy(): void {
+    this.destroyed = true;
+    for (const [, control] of this.proLoops) {
+      control.running = false;
+    }
+    for (const [, control] of this.klineProLoops) {
+      control.running = false;
+    }
+    this.clearPolling();
+    if (typeof this.exchange.close === "function") {
+      try {
+        void this.exchange.close();
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("destroy", error);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private clearPolling(): void {
+    if (this.accountPollTimer) {
+      clearInterval(this.accountPollTimer);
+      this.accountPollTimer = null;
+    }
+    if (this.orderPollTimer) {
+      clearInterval(this.orderPollTimer);
+      this.orderPollTimer = null;
+    }
+    if (this.depthPollTimer) {
+      clearInterval(this.depthPollTimer);
+      this.depthPollTimer = null;
+    }
+    if (this.tickerPollTimer) {
+      clearInterval(this.tickerPollTimer);
+      this.tickerPollTimer = null;
+    }
+    for (const timer of this.klinePollTimers.values()) {
+      clearInterval(timer);
+    }
+    this.klinePollTimers.clear();
+  }
+
+  onAccount(callback: AccountListener): void {
+    this.accountListeners.add(callback);
+    if (this.lastBalanceSnapshot) {
+      try {
+        callback(this.lastBalanceSnapshot);
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("accountReplay", error);
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.hasPro) {
+      this.startProLoop("account", () => this.watchAccountLoop());
+    } else {
+      this.startAccountPolling();
+    }
+  }
+
+  onOrders(callback: OrderListener): void {
+    this.orderListeners.add(callback);
+    this.emitCurrentOrders();
+    if (this.hasPro) {
+      this.startProLoop("orders", () => this.watchOrdersLoop());
+    } else {
+      this.startOrderPolling();
+    }
+  }
+
+  onDepth(callback: DepthListener): void {
+    this.depthListeners.add(callback);
+    if (this.hasPro) {
+      this.startProLoop("depth", () => this.watchDepthLoop());
+    } else {
+      this.startDepthPolling();
+    }
+  }
+
+  onTicker(callback: TickerListener): void {
+    this.tickerListeners.add(callback);
+    if (this.hasPro) {
+      this.startProLoop("ticker", () => this.watchTickerLoop());
+    } else {
+      this.startTickerPolling();
+    }
+  }
+
+  watchKlines(interval: string, callback: KlineListener): void {
+    const normalizedInterval = this.normalizeInterval(interval);
+    if (!this.klineListeners.has(normalizedInterval)) {
+      this.klineListeners.set(normalizedInterval, new Set());
+    }
+    this.klineListeners.get(normalizedInterval)?.add(callback);
+    if (this.hasPro) {
+      this.startKlineProLoop(normalizedInterval);
+    } else {
+      this.startKlinePolling(normalizedInterval);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private startProLoop(key: string, pump: () => Promise<void>): void {
+    if (this.proLoops.has(key)) return;
+    const control: ProLoopControl = { running: true };
+    this.proLoops.set(key, control);
+    void this.runProLoop(key, control, pump);
+  }
+
+  private async runProLoop(key: string, control: ProLoopControl, pump: () => Promise<void>): Promise<void> {
+    while (!this.destroyed && control.running) {
+      try {
+        await this.ensureInitialized();
+        await pump();
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger(`${key}Loop`, error);
+        await this.sleep(this.reconnectDelayMs);
+      }
+    }
+    this.proLoops.delete(key);
+  }
+
+  private startKlineProLoop(interval: string): void {
+    if (this.klineProLoops.has(interval)) return;
+    const control: ProLoopControl = { running: true };
+    this.klineProLoops.set(interval, control);
+    void this.runKlineProLoop(interval, control);
+  }
+
+  private async runKlineProLoop(interval: string, control: ProLoopControl): Promise<void> {
+    const key = `klines:${interval}`;
+    while (!this.destroyed && control.running) {
+      try {
+        await this.ensureInitialized();
+        if (!this.klineListeners.get(interval)?.size) {
+          await this.sleep(500);
+          continue;
+        }
+    const raw = (await this.exchange.watchOHLCV(this.marketSymbol, interval)) as unknown;
+    const candles = Array.isArray(raw) && Array.isArray(raw[0]) ? (raw as CcxtOhlcv[]) : [raw as CcxtOhlcv];
+        const klines = candles
+          .filter((candle) => Array.isArray(candle) && candle.length >= 6)
+          .map((candle) => this.mapOHLCVToKline(candle as CcxtOhlcv, interval));
+        for (const listener of this.klineListeners.get(interval) ?? []) {
+          listener(klines);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger(key, error);
+        await this.sleep(this.reconnectDelayMs);
+      }
+    }
+    this.klineProLoops.delete(interval);
+  }
+
+  private async watchAccountLoop(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.accountListeners.size) {
+      await this.sleep(500);
+      return;
+    }
+    await this.fetchAndEmitAccount();
+    const hasWatchPositions = typeof (this.exchange as any).watchPositions === "function";
+    if (hasWatchPositions) {
+      try {
+        const raw = await (this.exchange as any).watchPositions([this.marketSymbol]);
+        this.logger("watchPositionsRaw", JSON.stringify(raw));
+        if (Array.isArray(raw)) {
+          const snapshot = this.mapBalanceToAccountSnapshotFromPositions(raw);
+          this.lastBalanceSnapshot = snapshot;
+          for (const listener of this.accountListeners) {
+            listener(snapshot);
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("watchPositions", error);
+      }
+    }
+    await this.sleep(this.pollIntervals.account);
+  }
+
+  private async watchOrdersLoop(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.orderListeners.size) {
+      await this.sleep(500);
+      return;
+    }
+    const rawSymbol = this.exchange.marketId(this.displaySymbol) ?? this.marketSymbol;
+    const raw = (await this.exchange.watchOrders(rawSymbol)) as unknown;
+    const ordersArray = Array.isArray(raw) ? (raw as CcxtOrder[]) : [raw as CcxtOrder];
+    this.updateOrdersFromRemote(ordersArray, []);
+  }
+
+  private async watchDepthLoop(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.depthListeners.size) {
+      await this.sleep(500);
+      return;
+    }
+    const depth = (await this.exchange.watchOrderBook(this.marketSymbol, 50)) as CcxtOrderBook;
+    const mapped = this.mapOrderBookToDepth(depth);
+    for (const listener of this.depthListeners) {
+      listener(mapped);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async watchTickerLoop(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.tickerListeners.size) {
+      await this.sleep(500);
+      return;
+    }
+    const ticker = (await this.exchange.watchTicker(this.marketSymbol)) as CcxtTicker;
+    const mapped = this.mapTickerToAsterTicker(ticker);
+    for (const listener of this.tickerListeners) {
+      listener(mapped);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private startAccountPolling(): void {
+    if (this.accountPollTimer) return;
+    const poll = async () => {
+      try {
+        await this.ensureInitialized();
+        await this.fetchAndEmitAccount();
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("accountPoll", error);
+      }
+    };
+    void poll();
+    this.accountPollTimer = setInterval(() => void poll(), this.pollIntervals.account);
+  }
+
+  private startOrderPolling(): void {
+    if (this.orderPollTimer) return;
+    const poll = async () => {
+      try {
+        await this.ensureInitialized();
+
+        let openOrders: CcxtOrder[] = [];
+        let closedOrders: CcxtOrder[] = [];
+
+        try {
+          openOrders = (await this.exchange.fetchOpenOrders(this.marketSymbol)) as CcxtOrder[];
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger("orderPollOpen", error);
+        }
+
+        try {
+          closedOrders = (await this.exchange.fetchClosedOrders(
+            this.marketSymbol,
+            undefined,
+            50
+          )) as CcxtOrder[];
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger("orderPollClosed", error);
+        }
+
+        this.updateOrdersFromRemote(openOrders, closedOrders);
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("orderPoll", error);
+        this.emitCurrentOrders();
+      }
+    };
+    void poll();
+    this.orderPollTimer = setInterval(() => void poll(), this.pollIntervals.orders);
+  }
+
+  private startDepthPolling(): void {
+    if (this.depthPollTimer) return;
+    const poll = async () => {
+      try {
+        await this.ensureInitialized();
+        const orderbook = (await this.exchange.fetchOrderBook(this.marketSymbol, 50)) as CcxtOrderBook;
+        const depth = this.mapOrderBookToDepth(orderbook);
+        for (const listener of this.depthListeners) {
+          listener(depth);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("depthPoll", error);
+      }
+    };
+    void poll();
+    this.depthPollTimer = setInterval(() => void poll(), this.pollIntervals.depth);
+  }
+
+  private startTickerPolling(): void {
+    if (this.tickerPollTimer) return;
+    const poll = async () => {
+      try {
+        await this.ensureInitialized();
+        const ticker = (await this.exchange.fetchTicker(this.marketSymbol)) as CcxtTicker;
+        const mapped = this.mapTickerToAsterTicker(ticker);
+        for (const listener of this.tickerListeners) {
+          listener(mapped);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("tickerPoll", error);
+      }
+    };
+    void poll();
+    this.tickerPollTimer = setInterval(() => void poll(), this.pollIntervals.ticker);
+  }
+
+  private startKlinePolling(interval: string): void {
+    if (this.klinePollTimers.has(interval)) return;
+    const poll = async () => {
+      try {
+        await this.ensureInitialized();
+        const ohlcv = (await this.exchange.fetchOHLCV(this.marketSymbol, interval, undefined, 100)) as CcxtOhlcv[];
+        const klines = ohlcv
+          .filter((candle) => Array.isArray(candle) && candle.length >= 6)
+          .map((candle) => this.mapOHLCVToKline(candle as CcxtOhlcv, interval));
+        for (const listener of this.klineListeners.get(interval) ?? []) {
+          listener(klines);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger(`klinePoll:${interval}`, error);
+      }
+    };
+    void poll();
+    this.klinePollTimers.set(interval, setInterval(() => void poll(), this.pollIntervals.klines));
+  }
+
+  async createOrder(params: CreateOrderParams): Promise<AsterOrder> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized(params.symbol);
+    const symbol = this.marketSymbol;
+    const type = this.mapOrderTypeToCcxt(params.type);
+    const side = params.side.toLowerCase();
+    const amount = params.quantity;
+    const price = params.price;
+
+    const extraParams: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    if (params.stopPrice !== undefined) extraParams.stopPrice = params.stopPrice;
+    if (params.timeInForce) extraParams.timeInForce = params.timeInForce;
+    if (params.reduceOnly !== undefined) {
+      extraParams.reduceOnly = params.reduceOnly === "true";
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const order = (await this.exchange.createOrder(
+        symbol,
+        type,
+        side,
+        amount,
+        price,
+        extraParams
+      )) as CcxtOrder;
+      const mapped = this.mapOrderToAsterOrder(order);
+      this.upsertLocalOrder(mapped);
+      return mapped;
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error(`Paradex createOrder failed: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async cancelOrder(params: { symbol: string; orderId: number | string }): Promise<void> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized(params.symbol);
+    try {
+      await this.exchange.cancelOrder(params.orderId, this.marketSymbol);
+      this.removeLocalOrder(String(params.orderId));
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error(`Paradex cancelOrder failed: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async cancelOrders(params: { symbol: string; orderIdList: Array<number | string> }): Promise<void> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized(params.symbol);
+    const errors: Array<{ id: number | string; error: unknown }> = [];
+    await Promise.all(
+      params.orderIdList.map(async (orderId) => {
+        try {
+          await this.exchange.cancelOrder(orderId, this.marketSymbol);
+          this.removeLocalOrder(String(orderId));
+        } catch (error) {
+          errors.push({ id: orderId, error });
+        }
+      })
+    );
+    if (errors.length) {
+      const messages = errors.map((entry) => `${entry.id}: ${extractMessage(entry.error)}`).join("; ");
+      throw new Error(`Paradex cancelOrders failed for ${messages}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  async cancelAllOrders(_params: { symbol: string }): Promise<void> {
+    await this.ensureInitialized();
+    try {
+      if (typeof this.exchange.cancelAllOrders === "function") {
+        await this.exchange.cancelAllOrders(this.marketSymbol);
+      } else {
+        const openOrders = (await this.exchange.fetchOpenOrders(this.marketSymbol)) as CcxtOrder[];
+        await Promise.all(openOrders.map((order) => this.exchange.cancelOrder(order.id, this.marketSymbol)));
+      }
+      this.localOrders.clear();
+      this.emitCurrentOrders();
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error(`Paradex cancelAllOrders failed: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private mapBalanceToAccountSnapshot(balance: Balances): AsterAccountSnapshot {
+    const now = Date.now();
+
+    const rawPositions = (() => {
+      const info = (balance as unknown as { info?: { positions?: unknown } })?.info;
+      const positionsValue = info?.positions;
+      if (!positionsValue) return [] as Array<any>;
+      if (Array.isArray(positionsValue)) return positionsValue as Array<any>;
+      return Object.values(positionsValue as Record<string, unknown>);
+    })();
+
+    const positions = this.normalizePositions(rawPositions, now);
+    this.logger("positions", JSON.stringify({ raw: rawPositions, mapped: positions }));
+
+    this.logger(
+      "balanceSnapshot",
+      JSON.stringify({
+        total: balance.total,
+        free: balance.free,
+        used: balance.used,
+      })
+    );
+
+    const free = (balance.free ?? {}) as Record<string, number | undefined>;
+    const used = (balance.used ?? {}) as Record<string, number | undefined>;
+    const total = (balance.total ?? {}) as Record<string, number | undefined>;
+
+    const assetKeys = new Set<string>([
+      ...Object.keys(free),
+      ...Object.keys(used),
+      ...Object.keys(total),
+    ]);
+
+    const assets: AsterAccountAsset[] = Array.from(assetKeys).map((asset) => ({
+      asset,
+      walletBalance: String(total[asset] ?? 0),
+      availableBalance: String(free[asset] ?? 0),
+      updateTime: now,
+    }));
+
+    const totalWalletBalance = Array.from(assetKeys).reduce((acc, asset) => {
+      const value = total[asset];
+      return acc + (typeof value === "number" ? value : Number(value ?? 0));
+    }, 0);
+
+    return {
+      canTrade: true,
+      canDeposit: true,
+      canWithdraw: true,
+      updateTime: now,
+      totalWalletBalance: totalWalletBalance.toString(),
+      totalUnrealizedProfit: positions
+        .reduce((acc, pos) => acc + Number(pos.unrealizedProfit ?? 0), 0)
+        .toString(),
+      positions,
+      assets,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private mapBalanceToAccountSnapshotFromPositions(rawPositions: any[]): AsterAccountSnapshot {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const positions = this.normalizePositions(rawPositions, now);
+    this.logger("positions", JSON.stringify({ raw: rawPositions, mapped: positions }));
+    const snapshot = this.lastBalanceSnapshot ?? {
+      canTrade: true,
+      canDeposit: true,
+      canWithdraw: true,
+      updateTime: now,
+      totalWalletBalance: "0",
+      totalUnrealizedProfit: "0",
+      positions: [],
+      assets: [],
+    };
+    return {
+      ...snapshot,
+      updateTime: now,
+      totalUnrealizedProfit: positions
+        .reduce((acc, pos) => acc + Number(pos.unrealizedProfit ?? 0), 0)
+        .toString(),
+      positions,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private normalizePositions(rawPositions: any[], now: number): AsterAccountSnapshot["positions"] {
+    return rawPositions
+      .filter((pos) => pos)
+      .map((pos: any) => {
+        const rawSymbol =
+          pos?.symbol ?? pos?.instrument ?? pos?.market ?? pos?.info?.market ?? this.marketSymbol;
+        const normalizedSymbol =
+          rawSymbol === this.marketSymbol || rawSymbol === this.displaySymbol
+            ? this.displaySymbol
+            : String(rawSymbol ?? this.displaySymbol);
+
+        const quantityRaw =
+          pos?.positionAmt ?? pos?.contracts ?? pos?.size ?? pos?.amount ?? pos?.info?.size ?? 0;
+        let quantityNum = Number(quantityRaw);
+        if (!Number.isFinite(quantityNum)) {
+          quantityNum = Number(pos?.size ?? pos?.positionAmt ?? 0);
+        }
+        const rawSide = String(
+          pos?.side ?? pos?.info?.side ?? pos?.positionSide ?? pos?.position_side ?? ""
+        ).toLowerCase();
+        const isShort = rawSide.includes("short") || rawSide.includes("sell");
+        const positionAmt = isShort ? -Math.abs(quantityNum) : Math.abs(quantityNum);
+
+        const entryPrice =
+          pos?.entryPrice ??
+          pos?.averageEntryPrice ??
+          pos?.info?.average_entry_price ??
+          pos?.entry_price ??
+          "0";
+        const unrealized =
+          pos?.unrealizedPnl ??
+          pos?.info?.unrealized_pnl ??
+          pos?.unrealized_profit ??
+          "0";
+
+        return {
+          symbol: normalizedSymbol,
+          positionAmt: positionAmt.toString(),
+          entryPrice: String(entryPrice ?? "0"),
+          unrealizedProfit: String(unrealized ?? "0"),
+          positionSide: "BOTH" as const,
+          updateTime: now,
+        };
+      });
+  }
+
+  private mapOrderToAsterOrder(order: CcxtOrder): AsterOrder {
+    const side = (order.side ?? "buy").toUpperCase() as "BUY" | "SELL";
+    const mappedType = this.mapCcxtOrderTypeToAster(order.type);
+    return {
+      orderId: String(order.id ?? ""),
+      clientOrderId: (order.clientOrderId as any as string) || "",
+      symbol: this.displaySymbol,
+      side,
+      type: mappedType,
+      status: (order.status as any as string) || "",
+      price: order.price?.toString() || "0",
+      origQty: order.amount?.toString() || "0",
+      executedQty: order.filled?.toString() || "0",
+      stopPrice: order.stopPrice?.toString() || "0",
+      time: order.timestamp || Date.now(),
+      updateTime: order.lastUpdateTimestamp || Date.now(),
+      reduceOnly: Boolean((order.info?.reduceOnly as boolean | undefined) ?? false),
+      closePosition: Boolean((order.info?.closePosition as boolean | undefined) ?? false),
+      avgPrice: order.average?.toString(),
+      cumQuote: order.cost?.toString(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private mapOrderBookToDepth(orderbook: CcxtOrderBook): AsterDepth {
+    return {
+      lastUpdateId: orderbook.nonce || Date.now(),
+      bids: (orderbook.bids || [])
+        .filter((t) => t && t.length >= 2)
+        .map(([price, amount]) => [String(price ?? 0), String(amount ?? 0)]),
+      asks: (orderbook.asks || [])
+        .filter((t) => t && t.length >= 2)
+        .map(([price, amount]) => [String(price ?? 0), String(amount ?? 0)]),
+      eventTime: orderbook.timestamp,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private mapTickerToAsterTicker(ticker: CcxtTicker): AsterTicker {
+    return {
+      symbol: ticker.symbol,
+      lastPrice: ticker.last?.toString() || "0",
+      openPrice: ticker.open?.toString() || "0",
+      highPrice: ticker.high?.toString() || "0",
+      lowPrice: ticker.low?.toString() || "0",
+      volume: ticker.baseVolume?.toString() || "0",
+      quoteVolume: ticker.quoteVolume?.toString() || "0",
+      eventTime: ticker.timestamp,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private mapOHLCVToKline(candle: CcxtOhlcv, interval: string): AsterKline {
+    const [timestampRaw, openRaw, highRaw, lowRaw, closeRaw, volumeRaw] = candle;
+    const timestamp = typeof timestampRaw === "number" && Number.isFinite(timestampRaw)
+      ? timestampRaw
+      : Date.now();
+    const open = Number(openRaw ?? 0);
+    const high = Number(highRaw ?? 0);
+    const low = Number(lowRaw ?? 0);
+    const close = Number(closeRaw ?? 0);
+    const volume = Number(volumeRaw ?? 0);
+    return {
+      openTime: timestamp,
+      closeTime: timestamp + this.getIntervalMs(interval),
+      open: open.toString(),
+      high: high.toString(),
+      low: low.toString(),
+      close: close.toString(),
+      volume: volume.toString(),
+      numberOfTrades: 0,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private mapOrderTypeToCcxt(type: string): string {
+    const typeMap: Record<string, string> = {
+      LIMIT: "limit",
+      MARKET: "market",
+      STOP_MARKET: "stop",
+      TRAILING_STOP_MARKET: "trailing-stop",
+    };
+    return typeMap[type] || "limit";
+  }
+
+  private mapCcxtOrderTypeToAster(type: string | undefined): OrderType {
+    const typeMap: Record<string, OrderType> = {
+      limit: "LIMIT",
+      market: "MARKET",
+      stop: "STOP_MARKET",
+      "trailing-stop": "TRAILING_STOP_MARKET",
+    };
+    return type ? typeMap[type] ?? "LIMIT" : "LIMIT";
+  }
+
+  private normalizeInterval(interval: string): string {
+    const map: Record<string, string> = {
+      "1m": "1m",
+      "3m": "3m",
+      "5m": "5m",
+      "15m": "15m",
+      "30m": "30m",
+      "1h": "1h",
+      "4h": "4h",
+      "1d": "1d",
+    };
+    return map[interval] ?? "1m";
+  }
+
+  private getIntervalMs(interval: string): number {
+    const base: Record<string, number> = {
+      "1m": 60 * 1000,
+      "3m": 3 * 60 * 1000,
+      "5m": 5 * 60 * 1000,
+      "15m": 15 * 60 * 1000,
+      "30m": 30 * 60 * 1000,
+      "1h": 60 * 60 * 1000,
+      "4h": 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
+      "1d": 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
+    };
+    return base[interval] ?? 60 * 1000;
+  }
+
+  private upsertLocalOrder(order: AsterOrder): void {
+    const key = String(order.orderId);
+    if (this.isOrderClosed(order)) {
+      this.localOrders.delete(key);
+      this.emitCurrentOrders();
+      return;
+    }
+    this.localOrders.set(key, order);
+    this.emitCurrentOrders();
+  }
+
+  private removeLocalOrder(orderId: string): void {
+    if (this.localOrders.delete(orderId)) {
+      this.emitCurrentOrders();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private updateOrdersFromRemote(open: CcxtOrder[], closed: CcxtOrder[]): void {
+    const nextOpen = new Map<string, AsterOrder>();
+
+    for (const order of open) {
+      const mapped = this.mapOrderToAsterOrder(order);
+      if (!this.isOrderClosed(mapped)) {
+        nextOpen.set(String(mapped.orderId), mapped);
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.localOrders.clear();
+    for (const [id, order] of nextOpen.entries()) {
+      this.localOrders.set(id, order);
+    }
+
+    this.emitCurrentOrders();
+  }
+
+  private emitCurrentOrders(): void {
+    if (!this.orderListeners.size) return;
+    const open = Array.from(this.localOrders.values()).filter((order) => !this.isOrderClosed(order));
+    for (const listener of this.orderListeners) {
+      try {
+        listener(open);
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger("emitOrders", error);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private isOrderClosed(order: AsterOrder): boolean {
+    const status = (order.status ?? "").toUpperCase();
+    if (
+      status.includes("CLOSE") ||
+      status.includes("FILLED") ||
+      status.includes("CANCEL") ||
+      status.includes("REJECT")
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    const orig = Number(order.origQty ?? 0);
+    const filled = Number(order.executedQty ?? 0);
+    if (Number.isFinite(orig) && Number.isFinite(filled) && Math.abs(orig - filled) < 1e-12) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private sleep(duration: number): Promise<void> {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => {
+      setTimeout(resolve, duration);
+    });
+  }
+
+  private async fetchAndEmitAccount(): Promise<void> {
+    const balance = (await this.exchange.fetchBalance()) as Balances;
+    await this.attachPositions(balance);
+    const snapshot = this.mapBalanceToAccountSnapshot(balance);
+    this.lastBalanceSnapshot = snapshot;
+    for (const listener of this.accountListeners) {
+      listener(snapshot);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async attachPositions(balance: Balances): Promise<void> {
+    const fetchPositions = (this.exchange as any).fetchPositions;
+    if (typeof fetchPositions !== "function") return;
+    try {
+      const positions = await fetchPositions.call(this.exchange);
+      this.logger("fetchPositionsResponse", JSON.stringify(positions));
+      if (Array.isArray(positions)) {
+        ((balance as unknown as { info?: Record<string, unknown> }).info ??= {}).positions = positions;
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger("fetchPositions", error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async verifyAccountAccess(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.onboardingChecked) return;
+    try {
+      await this.exchange.fetchBalance();
+      this.onboardingChecked = true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (this.isNotOnboardedError(error)) {
+        throw new Error(
+          "Paradex account is not onboarded. Please complete the /onboarding flow on Paradex before running the bot."
+        );
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private isNotOnboardedError(error: unknown): boolean {
+    const message = extractMessage(error).toUpperCase();
+    if (message.includes("NOT_ONBOARDED")) return true;
+    const body = (error as any)?.body ?? (error as any)?.response;
+    if (typeof body === "string" && body.toUpperCase().includes("NOT_ONBOARDED")) return true;
+    if (body && typeof body === "object") {
+      const serialized = JSON.stringify(body).toUpperCase();
+      if (serialized.includes("NOT_ONBOARDED")) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}

src/exchanges/resolve-from-env.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "./adapter";
+import { createExchangeAdapter, resolveExchangeId, type SupportedExchangeId } from "./create-adapter";
+import type { AsterCredentials } from "./aster-adapter";
+import type { LighterCredentials } from "./lighter/adapter";
+import type { BackpackCredentials } from "./backpack/adapter";
+import type { ParadexCredentials } from "./paradex/adapter";
+
+interface BuildAdapterOptions {
+  symbol: string;
+  exchangeId?: string | SupportedExchangeId;
+}
+
+export function buildAdapterFromEnv(options: BuildAdapterOptions): ExchangeAdapter {
+  const id = resolveExchangeId(options.exchangeId);
+  const symbol = options.symbol;
+
+  if (id === "aster") {
+    const credentials = resolveAsterCredentials();
+    return createExchangeAdapter({ exchange: id, symbol, aster: credentials });
+  }
+
+  if (id === "lighter") {
+    const credentials = resolveLighterCredentials(symbol);
+    return createExchangeAdapter({ exchange: id, symbol, lighter: credentials });
+  }
+
+  if (id === "backpack") {
+    const credentials = resolveBackpackCredentials(symbol);
+    return createExchangeAdapter({ exchange: id, symbol, backpack: credentials });
+  }
+
+  if (id === "paradex") {
+    const credentials = resolveParadexCredentials();
+    return createExchangeAdapter({ exchange: id, symbol, paradex: credentials });
+  }
+
+  return createExchangeAdapter({ exchange: id, symbol, grvt: { symbol } });
+}
+
+function resolveAsterCredentials(): AsterCredentials {
+  const apiKey = process.env.ASTER_API_KEY;
+  const apiSecret = process.env.ASTER_API_SECRET;
+  if (!apiKey || !apiSecret) {
+    throw new Error("缺少 ASTER_API_KEY 或 ASTER_API_SECRET 环境变量");
+  }
+  return { apiKey, apiSecret };
+}
+
+function resolveLighterCredentials(symbol: string): LighterCredentials {
+  const accountIndexRaw = process.env.LIGHTER_ACCOUNT_INDEX;
+  const apiPrivateKey = process.env.LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY;
+  if (!accountIndexRaw || !apiPrivateKey) {
+    throw new Error("缺少 LIGHTER_ACCOUNT_INDEX 或 LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY 环境变量");
+  }
+  const accountIndex = Number(accountIndexRaw);
+  if (!Number.isInteger(accountIndex)) {
+    throw new Error("LIGHTER_ACCOUNT_INDEX 必须是整数");
+  }
+  const credentials: LighterCredentials = {
+    displaySymbol: symbol,
+    accountIndex,
+    apiPrivateKey,
+    apiKeyIndex: process.env.LIGHTER_API_KEY_INDEX ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_API_KEY_INDEX) : 0,
+    environment: process.env.LIGHTER_ENV,
+    baseUrl: process.env.LIGHTER_BASE_URL,
+    l1Address: process.env.LIGHTER_L1_ADDRESS,
+    marketSymbol: process.env.LIGHTER_SYMBOL,
+    marketId: process.env.LIGHTER_MARKET_ID ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_MARKET_ID) : undefined,
+    priceDecimals: process.env.LIGHTER_PRICE_DECIMALS ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_PRICE_DECIMALS) : undefined,
+    sizeDecimals: process.env.LIGHTER_SIZE_DECIMALS ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_SIZE_DECIMALS) : undefined,
+  };
+  return credentials;
+}
+
+function resolveBackpackCredentials(symbol: string): BackpackCredentials {
+  const apiKey = process.env.BACKPACK_API_KEY;
+  const apiSecret = process.env.BACKPACK_API_SECRET;
+  if (!apiKey || !apiSecret) {
+    throw new Error("缺少 BACKPACK_API_KEY 或 BACKPACK_API_SECRET 环境变量");
+  }
+  const credentials: BackpackCredentials = {
+    apiKey,
+    apiSecret,
+    password: process.env.BACKPACK_PASSWORD,
+    subaccount: process.env.BACKPACK_SUBACCOUNT,
+    symbol: process.env.BACKPACK_SYMBOL ?? symbol,
+    sandbox: parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.BACKPACK_SANDBOX),
+  };
+  return credentials;
+}
+
+function resolveParadexCredentials(): ParadexCredentials {
+  const privateKey = process.env.PARADEX_PRIVATE_KEY;
+  const walletAddress = process.env.PARADEX_WALLET_ADDRESS;
+
+  if (!privateKey || !walletAddress) {
+    throw new Error("Paradex 需要配置 PARADEX_PRIVATE_KEY 与 PARADEX_WALLET_ADDRESS");
+  }
+  if (!isHex32(privateKey)) {
+    throw new Error("PARADEX_PRIVATE_KEY 必须是 0x 开头的 32 字节十六进制字符串");
+  }
+  if (!isHexAddress(walletAddress)) {
+    throw new Error("PARADEX_WALLET_ADDRESS 必须是有效的 0x 开头 40 字节十六进制地址");
+  }
+
+  const credentials: ParadexCredentials = {
+    privateKey,
+    walletAddress,
+    sandbox: parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.PARADEX_SANDBOX),
+    usePro: parseOptionalBoolean(process.env.PARADEX_USE_PRO),
+    watchReconnectDelayMs: parseOptionalNumber(process.env.PARADEX_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS),
+  };
+
+  return credentials;
+}
+
+function isHex32(value: string): boolean {
+  return /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$/.test(value.trim());
+}
+
+function isHexAddress(value: string): boolean {
+  return /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/.test(value.trim());
+}
+
+function parseOptionalBoolean(value: string | undefined): boolean | undefined {
+  if (value == null) return undefined;
+  const normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!normalized) return undefined;
+  if (["false", "0", "no", "off"].includes(normalized)) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+function parseOptionalNumber(value: string | undefined): number | undefined {
+  if (!value) return undefined;
+  const parsed = Number(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : undefined;
+}

src/strategy/maker-engine.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import type {
 } from "../exchanges/types";
 import { formatPriceToString } from "../utils/math";
 import { createTradeLog, type TradeLogEntry } from "../logging/trade-log";
-import { isUnknownOrderError, isRateLimitError } from "../utils/errors";
+import { extractMessage, isInsufficientBalanceError, isUnknownOrderError, isRateLimitError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { getPosition } from "../utils/strategy";
 import type { PositionSnapshot } from "../utils/strategy";
 import { computePositionPnl } from "../utils/pnl";
@@ -49,12 +49,19 @@ export interface MakerEngineSnapshot {
   desiredOrders: DesiredOrder[];
   tradeLog: TradeLogEntry[];
   lastUpdated: number | null;
+  feedStatus: {
+    account: boolean;
+    orders: boolean;
+    depth: boolean;
+    ticker: boolean;
+  };
 }
 
 type MakerEvent = "update";
 type MakerListener = (snapshot: MakerEngineSnapshot) => void;
 
 const EPS = 1e-5;
+const INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE_COOLDOWN_MS = 15_000;
 
 export class MakerEngine {
   private accountSnapshot: AsterAccountSnapshot | null = null;
@@ -78,6 +85,28 @@ export class MakerEngine {
   private initialOrderSnapshotReady = false;
   private initialOrderResetDone = false;
   private entryPricePendingLogged = false;
+  private readinessLogged = {
+    account: false,
+    depth: false,
+    ticker: false,
+    orders: false,
+  };
+  private feedArrived = {
+    account: false,
+    depth: false,
+    ticker: false,
+    orders: false,
+  };
+  private feedStatus = {
+    account: false,
+    depth: false,
+    ticker: false,
+    orders: false,
+  };
+  private insufficientBalanceCooldownUntil = 0;
+  private insufficientBalanceNotified = false;
+  private lastInsufficientMessage: string | null = null;
+  private lastDesiredSummary: string | null = null;
   private readonly rateLimit: RateLimitController;
 
   constructor(private readonly config: MakerConfig, private readonly exchange: ExchangeAdapter) {
@@ -127,6 +156,11 @@ export class MakerEngine {
         }
         const position = getPosition(snapshot, this.config.symbol);
         this.sessionVolume.update(position, this.getReferencePrice());
+        if (!this.feedArrived.account) {
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", "账户快照已同步");
+          this.feedArrived.account = true;
+        }
+        this.feedStatus.account = true;
         this.emitUpdate();
       },
       log,
@@ -150,6 +184,11 @@ export class MakerEngine {
           }
         }
         this.initialOrderSnapshotReady = true;
+        if (!this.feedArrived.orders) {
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", "订单快照已返回");
+          this.feedArrived.orders = true;
+        }
+        this.feedStatus.orders = true;
         this.emitUpdate();
       },
       log,
@@ -163,6 +202,11 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       this.exchange.watchDepth.bind(this.exchange, this.config.symbol),
       (depth) => {
         this.depthSnapshot = depth;
+        if (!this.feedArrived.depth) {
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", "获得最新深度行情");
+          this.feedArrived.depth = true;
+        }
+        this.feedStatus.depth = true;
         this.emitUpdate();
       },
       log,
@@ -176,6 +220,11 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       this.exchange.watchTicker.bind(this.exchange, this.config.symbol),
       (ticker) => {
         this.tickerSnapshot = ticker;
+        if (!this.feedArrived.ticker) {
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", "Ticker 已就绪");
+          this.feedArrived.ticker = true;
+        }
+        this.feedStatus.ticker = true;
         this.emitUpdate();
       },
       log,
@@ -185,18 +234,7 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       }
     );
 
-    // Maker strategy does not consume klines, but subscribe to keep parity with other modules
+    // Maker strategy does not require realtime klines.
-    safeSubscribe<AsterKline[]>(
-      this.exchange.watchKlines.bind(this.exchange, this.config.symbol, "1m"),
-      (_klines) => {
-        /* no-op */
-      },
-      log,
-      {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅K线失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `K线推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
-      }
-    );
   }
 
   private syncLocksWithOrders(orders: AsterOrder[] | null | undefined): void {
@@ -212,7 +250,12 @@ export class MakerEngine {
   }
 
   private isReady(): boolean {
-    return Boolean(this.accountSnapshot && this.depthSnapshot);
+    return Boolean(
+      this.feedStatus.account &&
+        this.feedStatus.depth &&
+        this.feedStatus.ticker &&
+        this.feedStatus.orders
+    );
   }
 
   private async tick(): Promise<void> {
@@ -229,9 +272,11 @@ export class MakerEngine {
         return;
       }
       if (!this.isReady()) {
+        this.logReadinessBlockers();
         this.emitUpdate();
         return;
       }
+      this.resetReadinessFlags();
       if (!(await this.ensureStartupOrderReset())) {
         this.emitUpdate();
         return;
@@ -253,7 +298,8 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
       const absPosition = Math.abs(position.positionAmt);
       const desired: DesiredOrder[] = [];
-      const canEnter = !this.rateLimit.shouldBlockEntries();
+      const insufficientActive = this.applyInsufficientBalanceState(Date.now());
+      const canEnter = !this.rateLimit.shouldBlockEntries() && !insufficientActive;
 
       if (absPosition < EPS) {
         this.entryPricePendingLogged = false;
@@ -268,6 +314,7 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       }
 
       this.desiredOrders = desired;
+      this.logDesiredOrders(desired);
       this.sessionVolume.update(position, this.getReferencePrice());
       await this.syncOrders(desired);
       await this.checkRisk(position, Number(closeBidPrice), Number(closeAskPrice));
@@ -331,7 +378,11 @@ export class MakerEngine {
 
   private async syncOrders(targets: DesiredOrder[]): Promise<void> {
     const availableOrders = this.openOrders.filter((o) => !this.pendingCancelOrders.has(String(o.orderId)));
-    const { toCancel, toPlace } = makeOrderPlan(availableOrders, targets);
+    const openOrders = availableOrders.filter((order) => {
+      const status = (order.status ?? "").toUpperCase();
+      return !status.includes("CLOSED") && !status.includes("FILLED") && !status.includes("CANCELED");
+    });
+    const { toCancel, toPlace } = makeOrderPlan(openOrders, targets);
 
     for (const order of toCancel) {
       if (this.pendingCancelOrders.has(String(order.orderId))) continue;
@@ -385,7 +436,14 @@ export class MakerEngine {
           }
         );
       } catch (error) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `挂单失败(${target.side} ${target.price}): ${String(error)}`);
+        if (isInsufficientBalanceError(error)) {
+          this.registerInsufficientBalance(error);
+          break;
+        }
+        this.tradeLog.push(
+          "error",
+          `挂单失败(${target.side} ${target.price}): ${extractMessage(error)}`
+        );
       }
     }
   }
@@ -500,10 +558,81 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       desiredOrders: this.desiredOrders,
       tradeLog: this.tradeLog.all(),
       lastUpdated: Date.now(),
+      feedStatus: { ...this.feedStatus },
     };
   }
 
   private getReferencePrice(): number | null {
     return getMidOrLast(this.depthSnapshot, this.tickerSnapshot);
   }
+
+  private logReadinessBlockers(): void {
+    if (!this.feedStatus.account && !this.readinessLogged.account) {
+      this.tradeLog.push("info", "等待账户快照同步，尚未开始做市");
+      this.readinessLogged.account = true;
+    }
+    if (!this.feedStatus.depth && !this.readinessLogged.depth) {
+      this.tradeLog.push("info", "等待深度行情推送，尚未开始做市");
+      this.readinessLogged.depth = true;
+    }
+    if (!this.feedStatus.ticker && !this.readinessLogged.ticker) {
+      this.tradeLog.push("info", "等待Ticker推送，尚未开始做市");
+      this.readinessLogged.ticker = true;
+    }
+    if (!this.feedStatus.orders && !this.readinessLogged.orders) {
+      this.tradeLog.push("info", "等待订单快照返回，尚未执行初始化撤单");
+      this.readinessLogged.orders = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private resetReadinessFlags(): void {
+    this.readinessLogged = {
+      account: false,
+      depth: false,
+      ticker: false,
+      orders: false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private logDesiredOrders(desired: DesiredOrder[]): void {
+    if (!desired.length) {
+      if (this.lastDesiredSummary !== "none") {
+        this.tradeLog.push("info", "当前无目标挂单，等待下一次刷新");
+        this.lastDesiredSummary = "none";
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    const summary = desired
+      .map((order) => `${order.side}@${order.price}${order.reduceOnly ? "(RO)" : ""}`)
+      .join(" | ");
+    if (summary !== this.lastDesiredSummary) {
+      this.tradeLog.push("info", `目标挂单: ${summary}`);
+      this.lastDesiredSummary = summary;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private registerInsufficientBalance(error: unknown): void {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const detail = extractMessage(error);
+    const alreadyActive = now < this.insufficientBalanceCooldownUntil;
+    if (alreadyActive && detail === this.lastInsufficientMessage) {
+      this.insufficientBalanceCooldownUntil = now + INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE_COOLDOWN_MS;
+      return;
+    }
+    this.insufficientBalanceCooldownUntil = now + INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE_COOLDOWN_MS;
+    this.lastInsufficientMessage = detail;
+    const seconds = Math.ceil(INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE_COOLDOWN_MS / 1000);
+    this.tradeLog.push("warn", `余额不足，暂停新挂单 ${seconds}s: ${detail}`);
+    this.insufficientBalanceNotified = true;
+  }
+
+  private applyInsufficientBalanceState(now: number): boolean {
+    const active = now < this.insufficientBalanceCooldownUntil;
+    if (!active && this.insufficientBalanceNotified) {
+      this.tradeLog.push("info", "余额检测恢复，重新尝试挂单");
+      this.insufficientBalanceNotified = false;
+      this.lastInsufficientMessage = null;
+    }
+    return active;
+  }
 }

src/strategy/offset-maker-engine.ts

@@ -449,6 +449,10 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
 
   private async syncOrders(targets: DesiredOrder[]): Promise<void> {
     const availableOrders = this.openOrders.filter((o) => !this.pendingCancelOrders.has(String(o.orderId)));
+    const openOrders = availableOrders.filter((order) => {
+      const status = (order.status ?? "").toUpperCase();
+      return !status.includes("CLOSED") && !status.includes("FILLED") && !status.includes("CANCELED");
+    });
 
     // Coalesce reprices for entry orders: if within tick threshold or within dwell window, keep existing order
     const adjustedTargets: DesiredOrder[] = targets.map((t) => ({ ...t }));
@@ -474,7 +478,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       }
     }
 
-    const { toCancel, toPlace } = makeOrderPlan(availableOrders, adjustedTargets);
+    const { toCancel, toPlace } = makeOrderPlan(openOrders, adjustedTargets);
 
     for (const order of toCancel) {
       if (this.pendingCancelOrders.has(String(order.orderId))) continue;

src/strategy/trend-engine.ts

@@ -242,6 +242,8 @@ export class TrendEngine {
       this.exchange.watchKlines.bind(this.exchange, this.config.symbol, this.config.klineInterval),
       (klines) => {
         this.klineSnapshot = Array.isArray(klines) ? klines : [];
+        const latestSma = getSMA(this.klineSnapshot, 30);
+        this.lastSma30 = latestSma;
         this.logKlineSnapshot();
         this.emitUpdate();
       },

src/ui/MakerApp.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
 import { makerConfig } from "../config";
-import {
+import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-  createExchangeAdapter,
+import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-  getExchangeDisplayName,
-  resolveExchangeId,
-} from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
 import { MakerEngine, type MakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/maker-engine";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
@@ -35,50 +32,7 @@ export function MakerApp({ onExit }: MakerAppProps) {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     try {
-      let adapter;
+      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: makerConfig.symbol });
-      if (exchangeId === "aster") {
-        const apiKey = process.env.ASTER_API_KEY;
-        const apiSecret = process.env.ASTER_API_SECRET;
-        if (!apiKey || !apiSecret) {
-          setError(new Error("缺少 ASTER_API_KEY 或 ASTER_API_SECRET 环境变量"));
-          return;
-        }
-        adapter = createExchangeAdapter({
-          exchange: exchangeId,
-          symbol: makerConfig.symbol,
-          aster: { apiKey, apiSecret },
-        });
-      } else if (exchangeId === "lighter") {
-        const accountIndexRaw = process.env.LIGHTER_ACCOUNT_INDEX;
-        const apiPrivateKey = process.env.LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY;
-        if (!accountIndexRaw || !apiPrivateKey) {
-          setError(new Error("缺少 LIGHTER_ACCOUNT_INDEX 或 LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY 环境变量"));
-          return;
-        }
-        adapter = createExchangeAdapter({
-          exchange: exchangeId,
-          symbol: makerConfig.symbol,
-          lighter: {
-            displaySymbol: makerConfig.symbol,
-            accountIndex: parseInt(accountIndexRaw, 10),
-            apiPrivateKey,
-            apiKeyIndex: process.env.LIGHTER_API_KEY_INDEX ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_API_KEY_INDEX) : 0,
-            environment: process.env.LIGHTER_ENV,
-            baseUrl: process.env.LIGHTER_BASE_URL,
-            marketId: process.env.LIGHTER_MARKET_ID ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_MARKET_ID) : undefined,
-            marketSymbol: process.env.LIGHTER_SYMBOL,
-            priceDecimals: process.env.LIGHTER_PRICE_DECIMALS ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_PRICE_DECIMALS) : undefined,
-            sizeDecimals: process.env.LIGHTER_SIZE_DECIMALS ? Number(process.env.LIGHTER_SIZE_DECIMALS) : undefined,
-            l1Address: process.env.LIGHTER_L1_ADDRESS,
-          },
-        });
-      } else {
-        adapter = createExchangeAdapter({
-          exchange: exchangeId,
-          symbol: makerConfig.symbol,
-          grvt: { symbol: makerConfig.symbol },
-        });
-      }
       const engine = new MakerEngine(makerConfig, adapter);
       engineRef.current = engine;
       setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
@@ -154,6 +108,13 @@ export function MakerApp({ onExit }: MakerAppProps) {
   ];
 
   const lastLogs = snapshot.tradeLog.slice(-5);
+  const feedStatus = snapshot.feedStatus;
+  const feedEntries: Array<{ key: keyof typeof feedStatus; label: string }> = [
+    { key: "account", label: "账户" },
+    { key: "orders", label: "订单" },
+    { key: "depth", label: "深度" },
+    { key: "ticker", label: "Ticker" },
+  ];
 
   return (
     <Box flexDirection="column" paddingX={1}>
@@ -163,6 +124,15 @@ export function MakerApp({ onExit }: MakerAppProps) {
           交易所: {exchangeName} ｜ 交易对: {snapshot.symbol} ｜ 买一价: {formatNumber(topBid, 2)} ｜ 卖一价: {formatNumber(topAsk, 2)} ｜ 点差: {spreadDisplay}
         </Text>
         <Text color="gray">状态: {snapshot.ready ? "实时运行" : "等待市场数据"} ｜ 按 Esc 返回策略选择</Text>
+        <Text>
+          数据状态:
+          {feedEntries.map((entry, index) => (
+            <Text key={entry.key} color={feedStatus[entry.key] ? "green" : "red"}>
+              {index === 0 ? " " : " "}
+              {entry.label}
+            </Text>
+          ))}
+        </Text>
       </Box>
 
       <Box flexDirection="row" marginBottom={1}>

src/ui/OffsetMakerApp.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
 import { makerConfig } from "../config";
-import {
+import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-  createExchangeAdapter,
+import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-  getExchangeDisplayName,
-  resolveExchangeId,
-} from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
 import { OffsetMakerEngine, type OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/offset-maker-engine";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
@@ -35,26 +32,7 @@ export function OffsetMakerApp({ onExit }: OffsetMakerAppProps) {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     try {
-      let adapter;
+      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: makerConfig.symbol });
-      if (exchangeId === "aster") {
-        const apiKey = process.env.ASTER_API_KEY;
-        const apiSecret = process.env.ASTER_API_SECRET;
-        if (!apiKey || !apiSecret) {
-          setError(new Error("缺少 ASTER_API_KEY 或 ASTER_API_SECRET 环境变量"));
-          return;
-        }
-        adapter = createExchangeAdapter({
-          exchange: exchangeId,
-          symbol: makerConfig.symbol,
-          aster: { apiKey, apiSecret },
-        });
-      } else {
-        adapter = createExchangeAdapter({
-          exchange: exchangeId,
-          symbol: makerConfig.symbol,
-          grvt: { symbol: makerConfig.symbol },
-        });
-      }
       const engine = new OffsetMakerEngine(makerConfig, adapter);
       engineRef.current = engine;
       setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());

src/ui/TrendApp.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
 import { tradingConfig } from "../config";
-import {
+import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-  createExchangeAdapter,
+import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-  getExchangeDisplayName,
-  resolveExchangeId,
-} from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
 import { TrendEngine, type TrendEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/trend-engine";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
@@ -37,26 +34,7 @@ export function TrendApp({ onExit }: TrendAppProps) {
 
   useEffect(() => {
     try {
-      let adapter;
+      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: tradingConfig.symbol });
-      if (exchangeId === "aster") {
-        const apiKey = process.env.ASTER_API_KEY;
-        const apiSecret = process.env.ASTER_API_SECRET;
-        if (!apiKey || !apiSecret) {
-          setError(new Error("缺少 ASTER_API_KEY 或 ASTER_API_SECRET 环境变量"));
-          return;
-        }
-        adapter = createExchangeAdapter({
-          exchange: exchangeId,
-          symbol: tradingConfig.symbol,
-          aster: { apiKey, apiSecret },
-        });
-      } else {
-        adapter = createExchangeAdapter({
-          exchange: exchangeId,
-          symbol: tradingConfig.symbol,
-          grvt: { symbol: tradingConfig.symbol },
-        });
-      }
       const engine = new TrendEngine(tradingConfig, adapter);
       engineRef.current = engine;
       setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());

src/utils/errors.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 export function isUnknownOrderError(error: unknown): boolean {
   const message = extractMessage(error);
   if (!message) return false;
-  return message.includes("Unknown order") || message.includes("code\":-2011");
+  const upper = message.toUpperCase();
+  return (
+    upper.includes("UNKNOWN ORDER") ||
+    upper.includes("CODE\":-2011") ||
+    upper.includes("ORDER_ID_NOT_FOUND") ||
+    upper.includes("ORDER_IS_CLOSED") ||
+    upper.includes("COULD NOT FIND ORDER")
+  );
 }
 
 export function extractMessage(error: unknown): string {
@@ -36,3 +43,13 @@ export function isRateLimitError(error: unknown): boolean {
     message.includes("request rate")
   );
 }
+
+export function isInsufficientBalanceError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  const message = extractMessage(error).toUpperCase();
+  return (
+    message.includes("INSUFFICIENT") ||
+    message.includes("NOT_ENOUGH_BALANCE") ||
+    message.includes("INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE") ||
+    message.includes("NOT ENOUGH")
+  );
+}

src/utils/strategy.ts

@@ -32,10 +32,18 @@ export function getPosition(snapshot: AsterAccountSnapshot | null, symbol: strin
 }
 
 export function getSMA(values: AsterKline[], length: number): number | null {
-  if (!values || values.length < length) return null;
+  if (!Array.isArray(values) || values.length < length) return null;
-  const closes = values.slice(-length).map((k) => Number(k.close));
+  const window = values.slice(-length);
+  const closes = window.map((kline) => Number(kline.close));
+  if (closes.some((price) => !Number.isFinite(price))) {
+    return null;
+  }
   const sum = closes.reduce((acc, current) => acc + current, 0);
-  return sum / closes.length;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(sum)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const average = sum / closes.length;
+  return Number.isFinite(average) ? average : null;
 }
 
 export function calcStopLossPrice(entryPrice: number, qty: number, side: "long" | "short", loss: number): number {

tests/config.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { resolveSymbolFromEnv } from "../src/config";
+
+const ORIGINAL_ENV = { ...process.env };
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  process.env = { ...ORIGINAL_ENV };
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  process.env = { ...ORIGINAL_ENV };
+});
+
+describe("resolveSymbolFromEnv", () => {
+  it("prefers exchange-specific symbol when available", () => {
+    process.env.EXCHANGE = "backpack";
+    process.env.BACKPACK_SYMBOL = "ETHUSDC";
+    process.env.TRADE_SYMBOL = "BTCUSDT";
+
+    expect(resolveSymbolFromEnv()).toBe("ETHUSDC");
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to TRADE_SYMBOL when exchange symbol is missing", () => {
+    process.env.EXCHANGE = "paradex";
+    process.env.TRADE_SYMBOL = "ETH/USDC";
+    delete process.env.PARADEX_SYMBOL;
+
+    expect(resolveSymbolFromEnv()).toBe("ETH/USDC");
+  });
+
+  it("uses exchange-specific fallback when no env is defined", () => {
+    process.env.EXCHANGE = "paradex";
+    delete process.env.PARADEX_SYMBOL;
+    delete process.env.TRADE_SYMBOL;
+
+    expect(resolveSymbolFromEnv()).toBe("BTC/USDC");
+  });
+
+  it("supports resolving symbol for an explicit exchange id", () => {
+    delete process.env.EXCHANGE;
+    process.env.GRVT_SYMBOL = "ETHUSDT";
+
+    expect(resolveSymbolFromEnv("grvt")).toBe("ETHUSDT");
+  });
+});
+

tests/exchange-factory.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { createExchangeAdapter, resolveExchangeId } from "../src/exchanges/creat
 import { AsterExchangeAdapter } from "../src/exchanges/aster-adapter";
 import { GrvtExchangeAdapter } from "../src/exchanges/grvt/adapter";
 import { BackpackExchangeAdapter } from "../src/exchanges/backpack/adapter";
+import { ParadexExchangeAdapter } from "../src/exchanges/paradex/adapter";
 
 const ORIGINAL_ENV = { ...process.env };
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ describe("exchange factory", () => {
     expect(resolveExchangeId("Grvt")).toBe("grvt");
     expect(resolveExchangeId("ASTER")).toBe("aster");
     expect(resolveExchangeId("BACKPACK")).toBe("backpack");
+    expect(resolveExchangeId("PaRaDeX")).toBe("paradex");
   });
 
   it("creates grvt adapter when EXCHANGE=grvt", () => {
@@ -54,4 +56,15 @@ describe("exchange factory", () => {
     expect(adapter).toBeInstanceOf(BackpackExchangeAdapter);
     expect(adapter.id).toBe("backpack");
   });
+
+  it("creates paradex adapter when EXCHANGE=paradex", () => {
+    process.env.EXCHANGE = "paradex";
+    process.env.PARADEX_PRIVATE_KEY = "0x" + "1".repeat(64);
+    process.env.PARADEX_WALLET_ADDRESS = "0x" + "2".repeat(40);
+    process.env.PARADEX_SYMBOL = "BTC/USDC";
+
+    const adapter = createExchangeAdapter({ symbol: "BTC/USDC" });
+    expect(adapter).toBeInstanceOf(ParadexExchangeAdapter);
+    expect(adapter.id).toBe("paradex");
+  });
 });