refactor(exchanges): extract ReconnectScheduler from four gateways

standx, ondoperps, lighter and backpack each hand-rolled the same three pieces
around their socket: a 'one pending attempt at a time' timer guard, an attempt
counter feeding a backoff formula, and resetting that counter on open. Four
field-name conventions, four formulas, four places to forget the reset.

ReconnectScheduler owns the timer, the guard and the counter; the backoff stays
a caller-supplied policy (fixed / linear / exponential), since the venues
genuinely want different curves. Verified value-by-value that all four produce
the identical delay sequence they did before.

Scope was chosen, not maximal. The other five gateways' reconnect paths, and all
nine connect/auth/subscribe/heartbeat flows, stay where they are: those are
60-200 lines of per-venue protocol, and folding nine different auth and ping
semantics into one base class would be the wrong abstraction. I also checked the
reconnect paths for the classic defects — aster's timer that looked unclearable
is cleared at the top of connect(), and all three backoff counters do reset on
open — so there was no bug to fix here, only duplication.

12 new tests. 287 pass; tsc and oxlint clean.

bun.lock

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@types/bun": "^1.3.9",
+        "@types/react": "^19",
+        "@types/ws": "^8.18.1",
         "oxlint": "^1.54.0",
         "vitest": "^4.0.18",
       },
@@ -208,6 +210,10 @@
 
     "@types/node": ["@types/node@24.5.2", "", { "dependencies": { "undici-types": "~7.12.0" } }, "sha512-FYxk1I7wPv3K2XBaoyH2cTnocQEu8AOZ60hPbsyukMPLv5/5qr7V1i8PLHdl6Zf87I+xZXFvPCXYjiTFq+YSDQ=="],
 
+    "@types/react": ["@types/react@19.2.17", "", { "dependencies": { "csstype": "^3.2.2" } }, "sha512-MXfmqaVPEVgkBT/aY0aGCkRWWtByiYQXo3xdQ8r5RzuFrPiRn8Gar2tQdXSUQ2GKV3bkXckek89V8wQBY2Q/Aw=="],
+
+    "@types/ws": ["@types/ws@8.18.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/node": "*" } }, "sha512-ThVF6DCVhA8kUGy+aazFQ4kXQ7E1Ty7A3ypFOe0IcJV8O/M511G99AW24irKrW56Wt44yG9+ij8FaqoBGkuBXg=="],
+
     "@vitest/expect": ["@vitest/expect@4.0.18", "", { "dependencies": { "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.0.0", "@types/chai": "^5.2.2", "@vitest/spy": "4.0.18", "@vitest/utils": "4.0.18", "chai": "^6.2.1", "tinyrainbow": "^3.0.3" } }, "sha512-8sCWUyckXXYvx4opfzVY03EOiYVxyNrHS5QxX3DAIi5dpJAAkyJezHCP77VMX4HKA2LDT/Jpfo8i2r5BE3GnQQ=="],
 
     "@vitest/mocker": ["@vitest/mocker@4.0.18", "", { "dependencies": { "@vitest/spy": "4.0.18", "estree-walker": "^3.0.3", "magic-string": "^0.30.21" }, "peerDependencies": { "msw": "^2.4.9", "vite": "^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0-0" }, "optionalPeers": ["msw", "vite"] }, "sha512-HhVd0MDnzzsgevnOWCBj5Otnzobjy5wLBe4EdeeFGv8luMsGcYqDuFRMcttKWZA5vVO8RFjexVovXvAM4JoJDQ=="],
@@ -260,6 +266,8 @@
 
     "convert-to-spaces": ["convert-to-spaces@2.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-rcQ1bsQO9799wq24uE5AM2tAILy4gXGIK/njFWcVQkGNZ96edlpY+A7bjwvzjYvLDyzmG1MmMLZhpcsb+klNMQ=="],
 
+    "csstype": ["csstype@3.2.3", "", {}, "sha512-z1HGKcYy2xA8AGQfwrn0PAy+PB7X/GSj3UVJW9qKyn43xWa+gl5nXmU4qqLMRzWVLFC8KusUX8T/0kCiOYpAIQ=="],
+
     "delayed-stream": ["delayed-stream@1.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-ZySD7Nf91aLB0RxL4KGrKHBXl7Eds1DAmEdcoVawXnLD7SDhpNgtuII2aAkg7a7QS41jxPSZ17p4VdGnMHk3MQ=="],
 
     "dotenv": ["dotenv@17.3.1", "", {}, "sha512-IO8C/dzEb6O3F9/twg6ZLXz164a2fhTnEWb95H23Dm4OuN+92NmEAlTrupP9VW6Jm3sO26tQlqyvyi4CsnY9GA=="],

package.json

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     "start": "bun run index.ts",
     "lint": "oxlint",
     "lint:fix": "oxlint --fix",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit",
     "test": "bun x vitest run",
     "test:exchange-contract": "bun x vitest run tests/exchange-contract-suite.test.ts tests/exchange-factory.test.ts tests/config.test.ts",
     "test:watch": "bun x vitest",
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@types/bun": "^1.3.9",
+    "@types/react": "^19",
+    "@types/ws": "^8.18.1",
     "oxlint": "^1.54.0",
     "vitest": "^4.0.18"
   },

scripts/derive-public.ts

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-import { LighterPrivateKey } from "../src/exchanges/lighter/crypto/schnorr";
-import { bytesToHex } from "../src/exchanges/lighter/bytes";
-
-function derive(keyHex: string): string {
-  const normalized = keyHex.startsWith("0x") ? keyHex.slice(2) : keyHex;
-  const key = LighterPrivateKey.fromHex(normalized);
-  return bytesToHex(key.publicKey().toBytes());
-}
-
-const input = process.argv[2];
-if (!input) {
-  console.error("usage: bun run scripts/derive-public.ts <hex>");
-  process.exit(1);
-}
-
-console.log(derive(input));

scripts/lighter-public-key.ts

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-import "dotenv/config";
-import { LighterPrivateKey } from "../src/exchanges/lighter/crypto/schnorr";
-import { bytesToHex } from "../src/exchanges/lighter/bytes";
-
-function main(): void {
-  const raw = process.env.LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY;
-  if (!raw) {
-    throw new Error("LIGHTER_API_PRIVATE_KEY env var is required");
-  }
-  const normalized = raw.startsWith("0x") ? raw.slice(2) : raw;
-  const key = LighterPrivateKey.fromHex(normalized);
-  const publicKeyHex = bytesToHex(key.publicKey().toBytes());
-  const apiKeyIndex = process.env.LIGHTER_API_KEY_INDEX ?? "(not set)";
-
-  console.log(JSON.stringify({
-    apiKeyIndex,
-    publicKeyHex,
-  }, null, 2));
-}
-
-main();

src/cli/args.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { SUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_IDS, type SupportedExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
+import { STRATEGY_IDS, parseStrategyId, type StrategyId } from "../strategy/strategy-ids";
 
-export type StrategyId = "trend" | "swing" | "guardian" | "maker" | "maker-points" | "offset-maker" | "liquidity-maker" | "basis" | "grid";
+export type { StrategyId };
 
 export interface CliOptions {
   strategy?: StrategyId;
@@ -9,18 +10,6 @@ export interface CliOptions {
   exchange?: SupportedExchangeId;
 }
 
-const STRATEGY_VALUES = new Set<StrategyId>([
-  "trend",
-  "swing",
-  "guardian",
-  "maker",
-  "maker-points",
-  "offset-maker",
-  "liquidity-maker",
-  "basis",
-  "grid",
-]);
-
 export function parseCliArgs(argv: string[] = process.argv.slice(2)): CliOptions {
   const options: CliOptions = { silent: false, help: false };
 
@@ -68,16 +57,9 @@ export function parseCliArgs(argv: string[] = process.argv.slice(2)): CliOptions
 }
 
 function assignStrategy(options: CliOptions, raw: string): void {
-  const normalized = raw.trim().toLowerCase();
-  if (!normalized) return;
-  if (STRATEGY_VALUES.has(normalized as StrategyId)) {
-    options.strategy = normalized as StrategyId;
-  } else if (normalized === "offset" || normalized === "offsetmaker" || normalized === "offset-maker") {
-    options.strategy = "offset-maker";
-  } else if (normalized === "makerpoints" || normalized === "maker-points" || normalized === "maker_points") {
-    options.strategy = "maker-points";
-  } else if (normalized === "liquidity" || normalized === "liquiditymaker" || normalized === "liquidity-maker" || normalized === "liquidity_maker") {
-    options.strategy = "liquidity-maker";
+  const strategy = parseStrategyId(raw);
+  if (strategy) {
+    options.strategy = strategy;
   }
 }
 
@@ -95,8 +77,9 @@ function assignExchange(options: CliOptions, raw: string): void {
 
 export function printCliHelp(): void {
   const exchangeList = SUPPORTED_EXCHANGE_IDS.join("|");
+  const strategyList = STRATEGY_IDS.join("|");
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-  console.log(`Usage: bun run index.ts [--strategy <trend|swing|guardian|maker|maker-points|offset-maker|liquidity-maker|basis|grid>] [--exchange <${exchangeList}>] [--silent]\n\n` +
+  console.log(`Usage: bun run index.ts [--strategy <${strategyList}>] [--exchange <${exchangeList}>] [--silent]\n\n` +
     `Options:\n` +
     `  --strategy, -s    Automatically start the specified strategy without the interactive menu.\n` +
     `                    Aliases: offset, offset-maker for the offset maker engine.\n` +

src/cli/strategy-runner.ts

@@ -1,224 +1,58 @@
-import { basisConfig, gridConfig, isBasisStrategyEnabled, liquidityMakerConfig, makerConfig, makerPointsConfig, swingConfig, tradingConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, isBasisSupportedExchangeId, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
+import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
 import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "../exchanges/adapter";
 import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
 import { DryRunExchangeAdapter } from "../exchanges/dry-run-adapter";
-import { MakerEngine, type MakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/maker-engine";
-import { OffsetMakerEngine, type OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/offset-maker-engine";
-import { LiquidityMakerEngine, type LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/liquidity-maker-engine";
-import { MakerPointsEngine, type MakerPointsSnapshot } from "../strategy/maker-points-engine";
-import { TrendEngine, type TrendEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/trend-engine";
-import { SwingEngine, type SwingEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/swing-engine";
-import { GuardianEngine, type GuardianEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/guardian-engine";
-import { BasisArbEngine, type BasisArbSnapshot } from "../strategy/basis-arb-engine";
-import { GridEngine, type GridEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/grid-engine";
+import {
+  getStrategyDefinition,
+  strategyUnavailableReason,
+  STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS,
+  type StrategyEngine,
+  type StrategySnapshot,
+} from "../strategy/registry";
 import { extractMessage } from "../utils/errors";
-import type { StrategyId } from "./args";
+import type { StrategyId } from "../strategy/strategy-ids";
 
 interface RunnerOptions {
   silent?: boolean;
   dryRun?: boolean;
 }
 
-type StrategyRunner = (options: RunnerOptions) => Promise<void>;
-
-export const STRATEGY_LABELS: Record<StrategyId, string> = {
-  trend: "Trend Following",
-  swing: "Swing",
-  guardian: "Guardian",
-  maker: "Maker",
-  "maker-points": "Maker Points",
-  "offset-maker": "Offset Maker",
-  "liquidity-maker": "Liquidity Maker",
-  basis: "Basis Arbitrage",
-  grid: "Grid",
-};
+export const STRATEGY_LABELS = Object.fromEntries(
+  STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS.map((definition) => [definition.id, definition.consoleLabel])
+) as Record<StrategyId, string>;
 
 export async function startStrategy(strategyId: StrategyId, options: RunnerOptions = {}): Promise<void> {
-  const runner = STRATEGY_FACTORIES[strategyId];
-  if (!runner) {
+  const definition = getStrategyDefinition(strategyId);
+  if (!definition) {
     throw new Error(`Unsupported strategy: ${strategyId}`);
   }
-  await runner(options);
-}
-
-const STRATEGY_FACTORIES: Record<StrategyId, StrategyRunner> = {
-  trend: async (opts) => {
-    const config = tradingConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new TrendEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "trend",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  swing: async (opts) => {
-    const config = swingConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new SwingEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "swing",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  guardian: async (opts) => {
-    const config = tradingConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new GuardianEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "guardian",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  maker: async (opts) => {
-    const config = makerConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new MakerEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "maker",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  "maker-points": async (opts) => {
-    const exchangeId = resolveExchangeId();
-    if (exchangeId !== "standx") {
-      throw new Error("Maker Points strategy only supports the StandX exchange.");
-    }
-    const config = makerPointsConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new MakerPointsEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "maker-points",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  "offset-maker": async (opts) => {
-    const config = makerConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new OffsetMakerEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "offset-maker",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  "liquidity-maker": async (opts) => {
-    const config = liquidityMakerConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new LiquidityMakerEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "liquidity-maker",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  basis: async (opts) => {
-    if (!isBasisStrategyEnabled()) {
-      throw new Error("Basis arbitrage strategy is disabled. Set ENABLE_BASIS_STRATEGY=true to enable it.");
-    }
-    const exchangeId = resolveExchangeId();
-    if (!isBasisSupportedExchangeId(exchangeId)) {
-      throw new Error("Basis arbitrage strategy currently only supports the Aster, Nado, StandX, and Binance exchanges");
-    }
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(basisConfig.futuresSymbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new BasisArbEngine(basisConfig, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "basis",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-  grid: async (opts) => {
-    const config = gridConfig;
-    const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(config.symbol, opts.dryRun);
-    const engine = new GridEngine(config, adapter);
-    await runEngine({
-      engine,
-      strategy: "grid",
-      silent: opts.silent,
-      dryRun: opts.dryRun,
-      getSnapshot: () => engine.getSnapshot(),
-      onUpdate: (emitter) => engine.on("update", emitter),
-      offUpdate: (emitter) => engine.off("update", emitter),
-    });
-  },
-};
-
-interface EngineHarness<TSnapshot> {
-  engine: { start(): void; stop(): void };
-  strategy: StrategyId;
-  silent?: boolean;
-  dryRun?: boolean;
-  getSnapshot: () => TSnapshot;
-  onUpdate: (handler: (snapshot: TSnapshot) => void) => void;
-  offUpdate: (handler: (snapshot: TSnapshot) => void) => void;
-}
-
-async function runEngine<
-  TSnapshot extends
-    | TrendEngineSnapshot
-    | SwingEngineSnapshot
-    | GuardianEngineSnapshot
-    | MakerEngineSnapshot
-    | MakerPointsSnapshot
-    | OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot
-    | LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot
-    | BasisArbSnapshot
-    | GridEngineSnapshot
->(
-  harness: EngineHarness<TSnapshot>
-): Promise<void> {
-  const { engine, strategy, silent, getSnapshot, onUpdate, offUpdate } = harness;
   const exchangeId = resolveExchangeId();
-  const exchangeName = getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId);
-  const label = STRATEGY_LABELS[strategy];
-
-  const initial = getSnapshot();
-  let lastLogKey: string | undefined;
-  if (Array.isArray(initial.tradeLog) && initial.tradeLog.length > 0) {
-    const lastEntry = initial.tradeLog[initial.tradeLog.length - 1]!;
-    lastLogKey = createLogKey(lastEntry);
+  const blocked = strategyUnavailableReason(strategyId, exchangeId);
+  if (blocked) {
+    throw new Error(blocked);
   }
+
+  const adapter = createAdapterOrThrow(definition.symbol(), options.dryRun);
+  const engine = definition.createEngine(adapter);
+  await runEngine(engine, definition.consoleLabel, options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Streams an engine's trade log to the console until SIGINT/SIGTERM, then stops it.
+ * Depends only on the StrategyEngine contract, so a new strategy needs no change here.
+ */
+async function runEngine(
+  engine: StrategyEngine,
+  label: string,
+  options: RunnerOptions
+): Promise<void> {
+  const exchangeName = getExchangeDisplayName(resolveExchangeId());
+
+  const initial = engine.getSnapshot();
+  let lastLogKey = lastKeyOf(initial.tradeLog);
   let readyLogged = initial.ready === true;
 
-  const emitter = (snapshot: TSnapshot) => {
+  const emitter = (snapshot: StrategySnapshot) => {
     if (!Array.isArray(snapshot.tradeLog)) return;
     if (!readyLogged && snapshot.ready) {
       readyLogged = true;
@@ -229,31 +63,24 @@ async function runEngine<
     for (const entry of pending) {
       console.info(`[${label}] [${entry.time}] [${entry.type}] ${entry.detail}`);
     }
-    const lastEntry = pending[pending.length - 1]!;
-    if (lastEntry) {
-      lastLogKey = createLogKey(lastEntry);
-    }
+    lastLogKey = lastKeyOf(pending) ?? lastLogKey;
   };
 
-  onUpdate(emitter);
+  engine.on("update", emitter);
   engine.start();
 
-  const modeLabel = `${silent ? "silent" : "interactive"}${harness.dryRun ? "+dry-run" : ""}`;
+  const modeLabel = `${options.silent ? "silent" : "interactive"}${options.dryRun ? "+dry-run" : ""}`;
   console.info(`[${label}] Starting on ${exchangeName}. Mode: ${modeLabel}. Press Ctrl+C to exit.`);
 
-  const shutdown = (signal: NodeJS.Signals) => {
-    try {
-      console.info(`[${label}] Received ${signal}. Shutting down…`);
-      engine.stop();
-      offUpdate(emitter);
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error(`[${label}] Error during shutdown: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
-    }
-  };
-
   await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
     const wrapper = (signal: NodeJS.Signals) => {
-      shutdown(signal);
+      try {
+        console.info(`[${label}] Received ${signal}. Shutting down…`);
+        engine.stop();
+        engine.off("update", emitter);
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.error(`[${label}] Error during shutdown: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      }
       process.off("SIGINT", wrapper);
       process.off("SIGTERM", wrapper);
       resolve();
@@ -266,10 +93,7 @@ async function runEngine<
 
 function createAdapterOrThrow(symbol: string, dryRun?: boolean): ExchangeAdapter {
   const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId: resolveExchangeId(), symbol });
-  if (dryRun) {
-    return new DryRunExchangeAdapter(adapter);
-  }
-  return adapter;
+  return dryRun ? new DryRunExchangeAdapter(adapter) : adapter;
 }
 
 type TradeLogEntry = { time: string; type: string; detail: string };
@@ -278,13 +102,17 @@ function diffTradeLog(tradeLog: TradeLogEntry[], lastKey: string | undefined): T
   if (!tradeLog.length) return [];
   if (!lastKey) return tradeLog;
   const lastIndex = tradeLog.findIndex((entry) => createLogKey(entry) === lastKey);
-  if (lastIndex === -1) {
-    return tradeLog;
-  }
+  if (lastIndex === -1) return tradeLog;
   if (lastIndex === tradeLog.length - 1) return [];
   return tradeLog.slice(lastIndex + 1);
 }
 
+function lastKeyOf(entries: TradeLogEntry[] | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (!Array.isArray(entries) || entries.length === 0) return undefined;
+  const last = entries[entries.length - 1];
+  return last ? createLogKey(last) : undefined;
+}
+
 function createLogKey(entry: TradeLogEntry): string {
   return `${entry.time}|${entry.type}|${entry.detail}`;
 }

src/core/order-coordinator.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { roundDownToTick, roundQtyDownToStep } from "../utils/math";
 import { isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { isOrderPriceAllowedByMark } from "../utils/strategy";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 export type OrderLockMap = Record<string, boolean>;
 export type OrderTimerMap = Record<string, ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>;
@@ -22,12 +23,75 @@ type OrderGuardOptions = {
   maxPct?: number;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Everything about *where* an order goes, fixed for an engine's lifetime.
+ * These six values always travelled together as the leading positional
+ * parameters of every order function; bundling them keeps call sites readable
+ * and makes an argument-order mistake impossible.
+ */
+export interface OrderContext {
+  adapter: ExchangeAdapter;
+  symbol: string;
+  locks: OrderLockMap;
+  timers: OrderTimerMap;
+  pendings: OrderPendingMap;
+  log: LogHandler;
+}
+
+interface OrderRequestBase {
+  /** Live orders, used to cancel same-type duplicates before placing. */
+  openOrders: Order[];
+  side: "BUY" | "SELL";
+  /** Rejects the order when its price strays too far from the mark price. */
+  guard?: OrderGuardOptions;
+  qtyStep?: number;
+}
+
+export interface LimitOrderRequest extends OrderRequestBase {
+  /** String to preserve the exact tick the caller computed. */
+  price: string;
+  amount: number;
+  reduceOnly?: boolean;
+  skipDedupe?: boolean;
+  slPrice?: number;
+  tpPrice?: number;
+  clientOrderId?: string;
+}
+
+export interface MarketOrderRequest extends OrderRequestBase {
+  amount: number;
+  reduceOnly?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface StopLossOrderRequest extends OrderRequestBase {
+  stopPrice: number;
+  quantity: number;
+  /** Latest traded price; the stop is rejected when it is already through it. */
+  lastPrice: number | null;
+  priceTick?: number;
+}
+
+export interface TrailingStopOrderRequest extends OrderRequestBase {
+  activationPrice: number;
+  quantity: number;
+  callbackRate: number;
+  priceTick?: number;
+}
+
+export interface MarketCloseRequest extends OrderRequestBase {
+  quantity: number;
+}
+
+/** Step assumed when the caller does not know the venue's own. */
+const DEFAULT_QTY_STEP = 0.001;
+const DEFAULT_PRICE_TICK = 0.1;
+
 function enforceMarkPriceGuard(
   side: "BUY" | "SELL",
   toCheckPrice: number | null | undefined,
   guard: OrderGuardOptions | undefined,
   log: LogHandler,
-  context: string
+  kind: string
 ): boolean {
   if (!guard || guard.maxPct == null) return true;
   const allowed = isOrderPriceAllowedByMark({
@@ -41,13 +105,26 @@ function enforceMarkPriceGuard(
     const markStr = Number.isFinite(Number(guard.markPrice)) ? Number(guard.markPrice).toFixed(2) : String(guard.markPrice);
     log(
       "info",
-      `${context} 保护触发：side=${side} price=${priceStr} mark=${markStr} 超过 ${(guard.maxPct! * 100).toFixed(2)}%`
+      t("log.order.markGuardBlocked", {
+        kind,
+        side,
+        price: priceStr,
+        mark: markStr,
+        pct: (guard.maxPct! * 100).toFixed(2),
+      })
     );
     return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
+/** Rounds down to the venue's step, but never to zero — a sub-step size is kept as-is. */
+function normalizeQuantity(amount: number, qtyStep: number): number {
+  const raw = Math.abs(amount);
+  const rounded = roundQtyDownToStep(raw, qtyStep);
+  return rounded > 0 ? rounded : raw;
+}
+
 export function isOperating(locks: OrderLockMap, type: string): boolean {
   return Boolean(locks[type]);
 }
@@ -67,7 +144,7 @@ export function lockOperating(
   timers[type] = setTimeout(() => {
     locks[type] = false;
     pendings[type] = null;
-    log("info", `${type} 操作超时自动解锁`);
+    log("info", t("log.order.lockTimeout", { type }));
   }, timeout);
 }
 
@@ -86,16 +163,12 @@ export function unlockOperating(
 }
 
 export async function deduplicateOrders(
-  adapter: ExchangeAdapter,
-  symbol: string,
+  ctx: OrderContext,
   openOrders: Order[],
-  locks: OrderLockMap,
-  timers: OrderTimerMap,
-  pendings: OrderPendingMap,
   type: string,
-  side: string,
-  log: LogHandler
+  side: string
 ): Promise<void> {
+  const { adapter, symbol, locks, timers, pendings, log } = ctx;
   // Treat STOP orders on some exchanges (e.g., Lighter) as LIMIT with stopPrice populated.
   const sameTypeOrders = openOrders.filter((o) => {
     const normalizedType = String(o.type).toUpperCase();
@@ -116,80 +189,68 @@ export async function deduplicateOrders(
   try {
     lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
     await adapter.cancelOrders({ symbol, orderIdList });
-    log("order", `去重撤销重复 ${type} 单: ${orderIdList.join(",")}`);
+    log("order", t("log.order.dedupeCancelled", { type, ids: orderIdList.join(",") }));
   } catch (err) {
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "去重时发现订单已不存在，跳过删除");
+      log("order", t("log.order.dedupeGone"));
     } else {
-      log("error", `去重撤单失败: ${String(err)}`);
+      log("error", t("log.order.dedupeFailed", { error: String(err) }));
     }
   } finally {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
   }
 }
 
-type PlaceOrderOptions = {
-  priceTick: number;
-  qtyStep: number;
-  skipDedupe?: boolean;
-  slPrice?: number;
-  tpPrice?: number;
-  clientOrderId?: string;
-};
-
 export async function placeOrder(
-  adapter: ExchangeAdapter,
-  symbol: string,
-  openOrders: Order[],
-  locks: OrderLockMap,
-  timers: OrderTimerMap,
-  pendings: OrderPendingMap,
-  side: "BUY" | "SELL",
-  price: string, // 改为字符串价格
-  amount: number,
-  log: LogHandler,
-  reduceOnly = false,
-  guard?: OrderGuardOptions,
-  opts?: PlaceOrderOptions
+  ctx: OrderContext,
+  request: LimitOrderRequest
 ): Promise<Order | undefined> {
+  const { locks, timers, pendings, log } = ctx;
+  const { side, openOrders, guard, reduceOnly = false } = request;
   const type = "LIMIT";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
-  const priceNum = Number(price);
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, priceNum, guard, log, "限价单")) return;
-  const qtyStep = opts?.qtyStep ?? 0.001;
-  const rawQuantity = Math.abs(amount);
-  const roundedQuantity = roundQtyDownToStep(rawQuantity, qtyStep);
-  const quantity = roundedQuantity > 0 ? roundedQuantity : rawQuantity;
+  const priceNum = Number(request.price);
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, priceNum, guard, log, t("order.kind.limit"))) return;
+  const quantity = normalizeQuantity(request.amount, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (quantity <= 0) {
-    log("error", "限价单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.limit") }));
     return;
   }
-  if (!opts?.skipDedupe) {
-    await deduplicateOrders(adapter, symbol, openOrders, locks, timers, pendings, type, side, log);
+  if (!request.skipDedupe) {
+    await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, type, side);
   }
   lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
   try {
     const closePosition = reduceOnly ? true : undefined;
     const order = await routeLimitOrder({
-      adapter,
-      symbol,
+      adapter: ctx.adapter,
+      symbol: ctx.symbol,
       side,
       quantity,
       price: priceNum,
       timeInForce: reduceOnly ? "GTC" : "GTX",
       reduceOnly: reduceOnly ? true : undefined,
       closePosition,
-      slPrice: opts?.slPrice,
-      tpPrice: opts?.tpPrice,
-      clientOrderId: opts?.clientOrderId,
+      slPrice: request.slPrice,
+      tpPrice: request.tpPrice,
+      clientOrderId: request.clientOrderId,
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("order", `挂限价单: ${side} @ ${priceNum} 数量 ${quantity} reduceOnly=${reduceOnly}${opts?.slPrice ? ` sl=${opts.slPrice}` : ""}`);
+    log(
+      "order",
+      t("log.order.limitPlaced", {
+        side,
+        price: priceNum,
+        quantity,
+        reduceOnly,
+        sl: request.slPrice ? ` sl=${request.slPrice}` : "",
+      })
+    );
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "订单已成交或被撤销，跳过新单");
+      log("order", t("log.order.limitGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
@@ -197,49 +258,38 @@ export async function placeOrder(
 }
 
 export async function placeMarketOrder(
-  adapter: ExchangeAdapter,
-  symbol: string,
-  openOrders: Order[],
-  locks: OrderLockMap,
-  timers: OrderTimerMap,
-  pendings: OrderPendingMap,
-  side: "BUY" | "SELL",
-  amount: number,
-  log: LogHandler,
-  reduceOnly = false,
-  guard?: OrderGuardOptions,
-  opts?: { qtyStep: number }
+  ctx: OrderContext,
+  request: MarketOrderRequest
 ): Promise<Order | undefined> {
+  const { locks, timers, pendings, log } = ctx;
+  const { side, openOrders, guard, reduceOnly = false } = request;
   const type = "MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, "市价单")) return;
-  const qtyStep = opts?.qtyStep ?? 0.001;
-  const rawQuantity = Math.abs(amount);
-  const roundedQuantity = roundQtyDownToStep(rawQuantity, qtyStep);
-  const quantity = roundedQuantity > 0 ? roundedQuantity : rawQuantity;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, t("order.kind.market"))) return;
+  const quantity = normalizeQuantity(request.amount, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (quantity <= 0) {
-    log("error", "市价单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.market") }));
     return;
   }
-  await deduplicateOrders(adapter, symbol, openOrders, locks, timers, pendings, type, side, log);
+  await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, type, side);
   lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
   try {
     const closePosition = reduceOnly ? true : undefined;
     const order = await routeMarketOrder({
-      adapter,
-      symbol,
+      adapter: ctx.adapter,
+      symbol: ctx.symbol,
       side,
       quantity,
       reduceOnly: reduceOnly ? true : undefined,
       closePosition,
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("order", `市价单: ${side} 数量 ${quantity} reduceOnly=${reduceOnly}`);
+    log("order", t("log.order.marketPlaced", { side, quantity, reduceOnly }));
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "市价单失败但订单已不存在，忽略");
+      log("order", t("log.order.marketGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
@@ -247,51 +297,38 @@ export async function placeMarketOrder(
 }
 
 export async function placeStopLossOrder(
-  adapter: ExchangeAdapter,
-  symbol: string,
-  openOrders: Order[],
-  locks: OrderLockMap,
-  timers: OrderTimerMap,
-  pendings: OrderPendingMap,
-  side: "BUY" | "SELL",
-  stopPrice: number,
-  quantity: number,
-  lastPrice: number | null,
-  log: LogHandler,
-  guard?: OrderGuardOptions,
-  opts?: { priceTick: number; qtyStep: number }
+  ctx: OrderContext,
+  request: StopLossOrderRequest
 ): Promise<Order | undefined> {
+  const { locks, timers, pendings, log } = ctx;
+  const { side, openOrders, guard, stopPrice, lastPrice } = request;
   const type = "STOP_MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, stopPrice, guard, log, "止损单")) return;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, stopPrice, guard, log, t("order.kind.stop"))) return;
   if (lastPrice != null) {
     if (side === "SELL" && stopPrice >= lastPrice) {
-      log("error", `止损价 ${stopPrice} 高于或等于当前价 ${lastPrice}，取消挂单`);
+      log("error", t("log.order.stopAboveLast", { stopPrice, lastPrice }));
       return;
     }
     if (side === "BUY" && stopPrice <= lastPrice) {
-      log("error", `止损价 ${stopPrice} 低于或等于当前价 ${lastPrice}，取消挂单`);
+      log("error", t("log.order.stopBelowLast", { stopPrice, lastPrice }));
       return;
     }
   }
-  const priceTick = opts?.priceTick ?? 0.1;
-  const qtyStep = opts?.qtyStep ?? 0.001;
-  const normalizedStop = roundDownToTick(stopPrice, priceTick);
-  const rawQuantity = Math.abs(quantity);
-  const roundedQuantity = roundQtyDownToStep(rawQuantity, qtyStep);
-  const normalizedQty = roundedQuantity > 0 ? roundedQuantity : rawQuantity;
+  const normalizedStop = roundDownToTick(stopPrice, request.priceTick ?? DEFAULT_PRICE_TICK);
+  const normalizedQty = normalizeQuantity(request.quantity, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (normalizedQty <= 0) {
-    log("error", "止损单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.stop") }));
     return;
   }
 
   // Avoid forcing price for STOP_MARKET globally; keep this exchange-specific in gateways
-  await deduplicateOrders(adapter, symbol, openOrders, locks, timers, pendings, type, side, log);
+  await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, type, side);
   lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
   try {
     const order = await routeStopOrder({
-      adapter,
-      symbol,
+      adapter: ctx.adapter,
+      symbol: ctx.symbol,
       side,
       quantity: normalizedQty,
       stopPrice: normalizedStop,
@@ -301,12 +338,12 @@ export async function placeStopLossOrder(
       triggerType: "STOP_LOSS",
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("stop", `挂止损单: ${side} STOP_MARKET @ ${normalizedStop}`);
+    log("stop", t("log.order.stopPlaced", { side, stopPrice: normalizedStop }));
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "止损单已失效，跳过");
+      log("order", t("log.order.stopGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
@@ -314,43 +351,30 @@ export async function placeStopLossOrder(
 }
 
 export async function placeTrailingStopOrder(
-  adapter: ExchangeAdapter,
-  symbol: string,
-  openOrders: Order[],
-  locks: OrderLockMap,
-  timers: OrderTimerMap,
-  pendings: OrderPendingMap,
-  side: "BUY" | "SELL",
-  activationPrice: number,
-  quantity: number,
-  callbackRate: number,
-  log: LogHandler,
-  guard?: OrderGuardOptions,
-  opts?: { priceTick: number; qtyStep: number }
+  ctx: OrderContext,
+  request: TrailingStopOrderRequest
 ): Promise<Order | undefined> {
+  const { adapter, locks, timers, pendings, log } = ctx;
+  const { side, openOrders, guard, activationPrice, callbackRate } = request;
   const type = "TRAILING_STOP_MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
   if (!adapter.supportsTrailingStops()) {
-    log("error", "当前交易所不支持动态止盈单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.trailingUnsupported"));
     return;
   }
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, activationPrice, guard, log, "动态止盈单")) return;
-  const priceTick = opts?.priceTick ?? 0.1;
-  const qtyStep = opts?.qtyStep ?? 0.001;
-  const normalizedActivation = roundDownToTick(activationPrice, priceTick);
-  const rawQuantity = Math.abs(quantity);
-  const roundedQuantity = roundQtyDownToStep(rawQuantity, qtyStep);
-  const normalizedQty = roundedQuantity > 0 ? roundedQuantity : rawQuantity;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, activationPrice, guard, log, t("order.kind.trailing"))) return;
+  const normalizedActivation = roundDownToTick(activationPrice, request.priceTick ?? DEFAULT_PRICE_TICK);
+  const normalizedQty = normalizeQuantity(request.quantity, request.qtyStep ?? DEFAULT_QTY_STEP);
   if (normalizedQty <= 0) {
-    log("error", "动态止盈单数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.trailing") }));
     return;
   }
-  await deduplicateOrders(adapter, symbol, openOrders, locks, timers, pendings, type, side, log);
+  await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, type, side);
   lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
   try {
     const order = await routeTrailingStopOrder({
       adapter,
-      symbol,
+      symbol: ctx.symbol,
       side,
       quantity: normalizedQty,
       activationPrice: normalizedActivation,
@@ -361,68 +385,62 @@ export async function placeTrailingStopOrder(
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
     log(
       "order",
-      `挂动态止盈单: ${side} activation=${normalizedActivation} callbackRate=${callbackRate}`
+      t("log.order.trailingPlaced", {
+        side,
+        activation: normalizedActivation,
+        callbackRate,
+      })
     );
     return order;
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "动态止盈单已失效，跳过");
+      log("order", t("log.order.trailingGone"));
       return undefined;
     }
     throw err;
   }
 }
 
-export async function marketClose(
-  adapter: ExchangeAdapter,
-  symbol: string,
-  openOrders: Order[],
-  locks: OrderLockMap,
-  timers: OrderTimerMap,
-  pendings: OrderPendingMap,
-  side: "BUY" | "SELL",
-  quantity: number,
-  log: LogHandler,
-  guard?: OrderGuardOptions,
-  opts?: { qtyStep: number }
-): Promise<void> {
+export async function marketClose(ctx: OrderContext, request: MarketCloseRequest): Promise<void> {
+  const { locks, timers, pendings, log } = ctx;
+  const { side, openOrders, guard, qtyStep } = request;
   const type = "MARKET";
   if (isOperating(locks, type)) return;
-  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, "市价平仓")) return;
+  if (!enforceMarkPriceGuard(side, guard?.expectedPrice ?? null, guard, log, t("order.kind.close"))) return;
 
-  const qtyStep = opts?.qtyStep;
-  const rawQuantity = Math.abs(quantity);
-  const normalizedQtyRaw = qtyStep != null ? roundQtyDownToStep(rawQuantity, qtyStep) : rawQuantity;
-  let normalizedQty = normalizedQtyRaw > 0 ? normalizedQtyRaw : rawQuantity;
+  const rawQuantity = Math.abs(request.quantity);
+  let normalizedQty = qtyStep != null ? normalizeQuantity(rawQuantity, qtyStep) : rawQuantity;
   if (qtyStep != null) {
+    // A step-rounded close that is within rounding noise of the real position
+    // would leave dust behind; close the exact amount instead.
     const epsilon = Math.max(qtyStep * 1e-4, 1e-10);
     if (Math.abs(rawQuantity - normalizedQty) <= epsilon) {
       normalizedQty = rawQuantity;
     }
   }
   if (normalizedQty <= 0) {
-    log("error", "市价平仓数量无效，跳过下单");
+    log("error", t("log.order.invalidQuantity", { kind: t("order.kind.close") }));
     return;
   }
 
-  await deduplicateOrders(adapter, symbol, openOrders, locks, timers, pendings, type, side, log);
+  await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, type, side);
   lockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type, log);
   try {
     const order = await routeCloseOrder({
-      adapter,
-      symbol,
+      adapter: ctx.adapter,
+      symbol: ctx.symbol,
       side,
       quantity: normalizedQty,
       reduceOnly: true,
       closePosition: true,
     });
     pendings[type] = String(order.orderId);
-    log("close", `市价平仓: ${side}`);
+    log("close", t("log.order.closePlaced", { side }));
   } catch (err) {
     unlockOperating(locks, timers, pendings, type);
     if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-      log("order", "市场平仓时订单已不存在");
+      log("order", t("log.order.closeGone"));
       return;
     }
     throw err;

src/exchanges/aster/gateway.ts

@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ export class AsterSpotRestClient {
     try {
       response = await fetch(url, init);
     } catch (error) {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterSpotRestClient] 请求失败 ${String(error)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterSpotRestClient] request failed: ${String(error)}`);
     }
     const text = await response.text();
     if (!response.ok) {
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ export class AsterSpotRestClient {
     try {
       return JSON.parse(text) as T;
     } catch {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterSpotRestClient] 无法解析响应: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterSpotRestClient] could not parse response: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
     try {
       response = await fetch(url);
     } catch (error) {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 获取交易规则失败 ${String(error)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] failed to fetch exchange info: ${String(error)}`);
     }
     const text = await response.text();
     if (!response.ok) {
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
     try {
       return JSON.parse(text) as AsterFuturesExchangeInfo;
     } catch {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 无法解析交易规则响应: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] could not parse exchange info: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
     try {
       response = await fetch(url);
     } catch (error) {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 获取K线失败 ${String(error)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] failed to fetch klines: ${String(error)}`);
     }
     const text = await response.text();
     if (!response.ok) {
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
       const payload = JSON.parse(text) as any[];
       return payload.map((entry) => fromRestKline(entry, interval, upper));
     } catch {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 无法解析K线响应: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] could not parse klines: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
     try {
       response = await fetch(url);
     } catch (error) {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 获取资金费率失败 ${String(error)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] failed to fetch funding rate: ${String(error)}`);
     }
     const text = await response.text();
     if (!response.ok) {
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
       // The response shape mirrors Binance: { symbol, markPrice, indexPrice, lastFundingRate, nextFundingTime, time }
       return payload;
     } catch {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 无法解析资金费率响应: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] could not parse funding rate: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
     try {
       response = await fetch(url, init);
     } catch (error) {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 请求失败 ${String(error)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] request failed: ${String(error)}`);
     }
     const text = await response.text();
     if (!response.ok) {
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ export class AsterRestClient {
     try {
       return JSON.parse(text) as T;
     } catch {
-      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] 无法解析响应: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
+      throw new Error(`[AsterRestClient] could not parse response: ${text.slice(0, 200)}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ export class AsterPublicStreams {
         try {
           payload = JSON.parse(event.data);
         } catch (error) {
-          console.error("[AsterPublicStreams] 无法解析消息", error, event.data);
+          console.error("[AsterPublicStreams] could not parse message", error, event.data);
           return;
         }
       } else {
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ export class AsterUserStream {
         try {
           payload = JSON.parse(event.data);
         } catch (error) {
-          console.error("[AsterUserStream] 无法解析消息", error, event.data);
+          console.error("[AsterUserStream] could not parse message", error, event.data);
           return;
         }
       } else {
@@ -1509,7 +1509,7 @@ export class AsterGateway {
           positions = latestPositions;
         }
       } catch (positionError) {
-        console.error("[AsterGateway] 刷新持仓失败", positionError);
+        console.error("[AsterGateway] failed to refresh positions", positionError);
       }
       const normalizedPositions = clonePositions(positions);
       const snapshot: AccountSnapshot = {
@@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@ export class AsterGateway {
       this.accountSnapshot = snapshot;
       this.accountEvent.emit(snapshot);
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("[AsterGateway] 刷新账户信息失败", error);
+      console.error("[AsterGateway] failed to refresh account", error);
     }
     try {
       const orders = await this.rest.getOpenOrders();
@@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ export class AsterGateway {
       orders.forEach((order) => mergeOrderSnapshot(this.openOrders, order));
       this.ordersEvent.emit(Array.from(this.openOrders.values()));
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("[AsterGateway] 刷新挂单失败", error);
+      console.error("[AsterGateway] failed to refresh open orders", error);
     }
   }
 
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ export class AsterGateway {
       this.accountSnapshot = nextSnapshot;
       this.accountEvent.emit(nextSnapshot);
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("[AsterGateway] 同步持仓失败", error);
+      console.error("[AsterGateway] failed to sync positions", error);
     } finally {
       this.positionSyncInFlight = false;
     }
@@ -1608,7 +1608,7 @@ export class AsterGateway {
     try {
       exchangeInfo = await this.loadExchangeInfo();
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("[AsterGateway] 获取交易规则失败", error);
+      console.error("[AsterGateway] failed to fetch exchange info", error);
       return null;
     }
     const symbols = exchangeInfo?.symbols ?? [];

src/exchanges/backpack/gateway.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import type {
   TickerListener,
   KlineListener,
 } from "../adapter";
+import { ReconnectScheduler, fixedBackoff } from "../reconnect-scheduler";
 
 const WebSocketCtor: typeof globalThis.WebSocket =
   typeof globalThis.WebSocket !== "undefined"
@@ -99,7 +100,10 @@ export class BackpackGateway {
   private ws: WebSocket | null = null;
   private wsReady = false;
   private wsPingTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
-  private wsReconnectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  private readonly wsReconnect = new ReconnectScheduler({
+    connect: () => this.ensurePrivateSocket(),
+    backoff: fixedBackoff(WS_RECONNECT_DELAY),
+  });
   private readonly wsTopics = new Set<string>();
   private wsConnecting = false;
   private readonly wsWindow: string;
@@ -782,7 +786,7 @@ export class BackpackGateway {
     this.wsReady = false;
     this.ws = null;
     this.stopPing();
-    this.scheduleReconnect();
+    this.wsReconnect.schedule();
   };
 
   private handleWsError = (_event: any): void => {
@@ -945,14 +949,6 @@ export class BackpackGateway {
     }
   }
 
-  private scheduleReconnect(): void {
-    if (this.wsReconnectTimer) return;
-    this.wsReconnectTimer = setTimeout(() => {
-      this.wsReconnectTimer = null;
-      this.ensurePrivateSocket();
-    }, WS_RECONNECT_DELAY);
-  }
-
   private detachWebSocket(): void {
     if (this.wsCleanup) {
       try {

src/exchanges/grvt/adapter.ts

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ function loadSignatureProviderFromEnv(
       return loaded.default as GrvtSignatureProvider;
     }
     console.warn(
-      `[GrvtExchangeAdapter] 模块 ${resolved} 未导出签名函数 (function default export)`
+      `[GrvtExchangeAdapter] module ${resolved} does not export a signing function (function default export)`
     );
   } catch (error) {
     const log = logger ?? ((ctx, err) => console.error(`[GrvtExchangeAdapter] ${ctx}`, err));

src/exchanges/lighter/gateway.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { setInterval, clearInterval, setTimeout, clearTimeout } from "timers";
 import WebSocket from "ws";
+import { ReconnectScheduler, linearBackoff } from "../reconnect-scheduler";
 import type {
   AccountListener,
   DepthListener,
@@ -122,9 +123,36 @@ interface Pollers {
   klines: Map<string, ReturnType<typeof setInterval>>;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Spot balance of a single asset. `effective` is what every balance guard compares
+ * against: an unknown or unparseable asset collapses to 0 so guards fail closed
+ * instead of waving an order through.
+ */
+interface SpotAssetBalance {
+  available: number | null;
+  wallet: number | null;
+  effective: number;
+}
+
+function makeSpotAssetBalance(available: number | null, wallet: number | null): SpotAssetBalance {
+  return {
+    available,
+    wallet,
+    effective: Math.max(
+      available != null && Number.isFinite(available) ? available : 0,
+      wallet != null && Number.isFinite(wallet) ? wallet : 0
+    ),
+  };
+}
+
+/** Tolerance that absorbs float drift when comparing a balance against an order size. */
+const BALANCE_EPSILON = 1e-9;
+
 const KLINE_DEFAULT_COUNT = 120;
 const DEFAULT_TICKER_POLL_MS = 3000;
 const DEFAULT_KLINE_POLL_MS = 15000;
+const WS_RECONNECT_BASE_MS = 2_000;
+const WS_RECONNECT_MAX_MS = 30_000;
 const WS_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL_MS = 5_000;
 const CLIENT_PING_INTERVAL_MS = 2_000;
 const WS_STALE_TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000;
@@ -221,8 +249,14 @@ export class LighterGateway {
   private readonly orderIndexByClientId = new Map<string, string>();
 
   private ws: WebSocket | null = null;
-  private reconnectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
-  private reconnectAttempts = 0;
+  private readonly reconnect: ReconnectScheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({
+    connect: async () => {
+      await this.openWebSocket();
+      this.reconnect.onConnected();
+    },
+    backoff: linearBackoff(WS_RECONNECT_BASE_MS, WS_RECONNECT_MAX_MS),
+    onError: (error) => this.logger("reconnect", error),
+  });
   private readonly wsUrl: string;
   private connectPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;
   private heartbeatTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
@@ -734,7 +768,7 @@ export class LighterGateway {
           return;
         }
         this.stopStaleMonitor();
-        this.scheduleReconnect();
+        this.reconnect.schedule();
       });
       ws.on("error", (error) => {
         this.logger("ws:error", error);
@@ -744,7 +778,7 @@ export class LighterGateway {
           return;
         }
         this.stopStaleMonitor();
-        this.scheduleReconnect();
+        this.reconnect.schedule();
       });
     });
   }
@@ -917,25 +951,7 @@ export class LighterGateway {
       return 0;
     });
 
-    return candidates[0];
-  }
-
-  private scheduleReconnect(): void {
-    if (this.reconnectTimer) return;
-    const attempt = this.reconnectAttempts + 1;
-    const delay = Math.min(2000 * attempt, 30_000);
-    this.reconnectTimer = setTimeout(() => {
-      this.reconnectTimer = null;
-      this.openWebSocket()
-        .then(() => {
-          this.reconnectAttempts = 0;
-        })
-        .catch((error) => {
-          this.logger("reconnect", error);
-          this.reconnectAttempts = attempt;
-          this.scheduleReconnect();
-        });
-    }, delay);
+    return candidates[0] ?? null;
   }
 
   private forceReconnect(reason: string): void {
@@ -953,7 +969,7 @@ export class LighterGateway {
     }
     this.stopHeartbeat();
     this.stopClientPing();
-    this.scheduleReconnect();
+    this.reconnect.schedule();
   }
 
   private startHeartbeat(): void {
@@ -970,7 +986,7 @@ export class LighterGateway {
         } finally {
           this.stopHeartbeat();
           this.stopClientPing();
-          this.scheduleReconnect();
+          this.reconnect.schedule();
         }
         return;
       }
@@ -1756,8 +1772,9 @@ export class LighterGateway {
         (matchSymbol ?? asset.symbol ?? (asset.asset_id != null ? String(asset.asset_id) : "ASSET")).toUpperCase();
       list.push({
         asset: assetSymbol,
-        walletBalance: asset.balance ?? "0",
-        availableBalance: available != null && Number.isFinite(available) ? available.toString() : asset.balance ?? "0",
+        walletBalance: String(asset.balance ?? "0"),
+        availableBalance:
+          available != null && Number.isFinite(available) ? available.toString() : String(asset.balance ?? "0"),
         updateTime: now,
         assetId: Number.isFinite(assetId) ? assetId : undefined,
       });
@@ -1796,7 +1813,7 @@ export class LighterGateway {
       return (hasBase && hasQuote) || idMatch;
     });
     if (!matches.length) return null;
-    return matches[0];
+    return matches[0] ?? null;
   }
 
   async getPrecision(): Promise<{
@@ -1846,8 +1863,7 @@ export class LighterGateway {
     return qty;
   }
 
-  private getAvailableAssetAmount(assetId?: number | null, symbol?: string | null): { available: number | null; wallet: number | null } {
-    if (!this.assets.size) return null;
+  private getSpotAssetBalance(assetId?: number | null, symbol?: string | null): SpotAssetBalance {
     const normalizedSymbol = symbol ? symbol.toUpperCase() : null;
     for (const asset of this.assets.values()) {
       const idMatches = assetId != null && Number.isFinite(Number(asset.asset_id)) && Number(asset.asset_id) === assetId;
@@ -1857,29 +1873,23 @@ export class LighterGateway {
       const locked = parseNumber(asset.locked_balance ?? 0);
       if (balance == null) continue;
       const available = locked != null ? balance - locked : balance;
-      return {
-        available: Number.isFinite(available) ? available : null,
-        wallet: Number.isFinite(balance) ? balance : null,
-      };
+      return makeSpotAssetBalance(
+        Number.isFinite(available) ? available : null,
+        Number.isFinite(balance) ? balance : null
+      );
     }
-    return { available: null, wallet: null };
+    return makeSpotAssetBalance(null, null);
   }
 
   private assertSpotBalance(params: { isAsk: boolean; quantity: number | null | undefined; price: number | null }): void {
     const qty = Number(params.quantity);
     if (!Number.isFinite(qty) || qty <= 0) return;
     if (params.isAsk) {
-      const baseAmounts = this.getAvailableAssetAmount(this.baseAssetId, this.baseAssetSymbol);
-      const availableBase = baseAmounts?.available ?? null;
-      const walletBase = baseAmounts?.wallet ?? null;
-      const effective = Math.max(
-        availableBase != null && Number.isFinite(availableBase) ? availableBase : 0,
-        walletBase != null && Number.isFinite(walletBase) ? walletBase : 0
-      );
-      if (effective + 1e-9 < qty) {
+      const base = this.getSpotAssetBalance(this.baseAssetId, this.baseAssetSymbol);
+      if (base.effective + BALANCE_EPSILON < qty) {
         throw new Error(
-          `Insufficient base asset (${this.baseAssetSymbol ?? "BASE"} available ${availableBase ?? 0}${
-            walletBase != null ? ` wallet ${walletBase}` : ""
+          `Insufficient base asset (${this.baseAssetSymbol ?? "BASE"} available ${base.available ?? 0}${
+            base.wallet != null ? ` wallet ${base.wallet}` : ""
           }) for spot sell ${qty}`
         );
       }
@@ -1888,10 +1898,12 @@ export class LighterGateway {
     const price = Number(params.price);
     if (!Number.isFinite(price) || price <= 0) return;
     const requiredQuote = qty * price;
-    const availableQuote = this.getAvailableAssetAmount(this.quoteAssetId, this.quoteAssetSymbol);
-    if (availableQuote != null && availableQuote + 1e-9 < requiredQuote) {
+    const quote = this.getSpotAssetBalance(this.quoteAssetId, this.quoteAssetSymbol);
+    if (quote.effective + BALANCE_EPSILON < requiredQuote) {
       throw new Error(
-        `Insufficient quote asset (${this.quoteAssetSymbol ?? "QUOTE"} available ${availableQuote}) for spot buy requiring ${requiredQuote}`
+        `Insufficient quote asset (${this.quoteAssetSymbol ?? "QUOTE"} available ${
+          quote.available ?? 0
+        }) for spot buy requiring ${requiredQuote}`
       );
     }
   }
@@ -1932,10 +1944,10 @@ export class LighterGateway {
     const isAsk = side === "SELL" ? 1 : 0;
     const enforcedQty = this.enforceMinimums(params.quantity, params.price ?? null);
     if (this.isSpotMarket() && isAsk === 1) {
-      const availableBase = this.getAvailableAssetAmount(this.baseAssetId, this.baseAssetSymbol);
-      if (availableBase != null && availableBase + 1e-9 < enforcedQty) {
+      const base = this.getSpotAssetBalance(this.baseAssetId, this.baseAssetSymbol);
+      if (base.effective + BALANCE_EPSILON < enforcedQty) {
         throw new Error(
-          `Spot sell quantity ${enforcedQty} exceeds available base ${availableBase} (min trade size may be higher than balance)`
+          `Spot sell quantity ${enforcedQty} exceeds available base ${base.effective} (min trade size may be higher than balance)`
         );
       }
     }

src/exchanges/lighter/mappers.ts

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ export function lighterOrderToAster(symbol: string, order: LighterOrder): Order
     symbol,
     side,
     type: mapOrderType(order.type),
-    status: normalizeOrderStatus(order.status ?? order.trigger_status ?? "UNKNOWN"),
+    status: normalizeOrderStatus(String(order.status ?? order.trigger_status ?? "UNKNOWN")),
     price: order.price ?? "0",
     origQty: order.initial_base_amount ?? "0",
     executedQty: computeExecutedQty(order),

src/exchanges/lighter/types.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ export type LighterOrderType =
 
 type StrOrNum = string | number;
 
+/**
+ * Lighter reports boolean fields inconsistently across endpoints — `true`, `1`, `"Yes"`.
+ * `normalizeBooleanFlag` in ./flags is what turns any of these into a real boolean.
+ */
+type BooleanFlag = boolean | string | number | bigint;
+
 export interface LighterOrder {
   order_index: StrOrNum;
   client_order_index: StrOrNum;
@@ -23,12 +29,12 @@ export interface LighterOrder {
   filled_quote_amount?: string;
   price: string;
   nonce?: number;
-  is_ask?: boolean;
+  is_ask?: BooleanFlag;
   side?: LighterSide;
   type?: LighterOrderType;
   time_in_force?: string;
   trigger_price?: string;
-  reduce_only?: boolean;
+  reduce_only?: BooleanFlag;
   status?: string | number;
   trigger_status?: string | number;
   trigger_time?: number;
@@ -68,7 +74,8 @@ export interface LighterAccountDetails {
 }
 
 export interface LighterAccountAsset {
-  symbol: string;
+  /** Optional: the account endpoint omits it for assets it only knows by id. */
+  symbol?: string;
   asset_id?: number;
   balance: string | number;
   locked_balance?: string | number;

src/exchanges/ondoperps/gateway.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { createHmac } from "node:crypto";
+import { ReconnectScheduler, exponentialBackoff } from "../reconnect-scheduler";
 import type {
   AccountListener,
   ConnectionEventListener,
@@ -42,10 +43,10 @@ const DEFAULT_WS_URL = "wss://api.ondoperps.xyz/ws";
 const DEFAULT_SYMBOL = "BTC-USD.P";
 const REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
 const WS_HEARTBEAT_MS = 30_000;
+const WS_RECONNECT_BASE_MS = 1_000;
 const WS_RECONNECT_MAX_MS = 30_000;
 
 type Timer = ReturnType<typeof setInterval>;
-type Timeout = ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
 
 export interface OndoperpsGatewayOptions {
   apiKeyId: string;
@@ -211,8 +212,11 @@ export class OndoperpsGateway {
   private wsLoginInFlight = false;
   private wsLoginFallbackAttempted = false;
   private wsEverOpened = false;
-  private wsReconnectDelayMs = 1_000;
-  private wsReconnectTimer: Timeout | null = null;
+  private readonly wsReconnect = new ReconnectScheduler({
+    connect: () => this.connectWebSocket(),
+    backoff: exponentialBackoff(WS_RECONNECT_BASE_MS, WS_RECONNECT_MAX_MS),
+    onError: (error) => this.logger("reconnect", error),
+  });
   private heartbeatTimer: Timer | null = null;
   private readonly sentSubscriptions = new Set<string>();
 
@@ -590,10 +594,7 @@ export class OndoperpsGateway {
 
   private connectWebSocket(): void {
     if (this.ws && (this.ws.readyState === 0 || this.ws.readyState === 1)) return;
-    if (this.wsReconnectTimer) {
-      clearTimeout(this.wsReconnectTimer);
-      this.wsReconnectTimer = null;
-    }
+    this.wsReconnect.cancel();
     try {
       const ws = this.webSocketFactory(this.wsUrl);
       this.ws = ws;
@@ -605,7 +606,7 @@ export class OndoperpsGateway {
       ws.addEventListener("error", (event) => this.logger("websocket", event));
     } catch (error) {
       this.logger("connectWebSocket", error);
-      this.scheduleReconnect();
+      this.wsReconnect.schedule();
     }
   }
 
@@ -613,7 +614,7 @@ export class OndoperpsGateway {
     if (this.ws !== ws) return;
     const reconnected = this.wsEverOpened;
     this.wsEverOpened = true;
-    this.wsReconnectDelayMs = 1_000;
+    this.wsReconnect.onConnected();
     this.wsAuthenticated = false;
     this.wsLoginInFlight = false;
     this.wsLoginFallbackAttempted = false;
@@ -630,7 +631,7 @@ export class OndoperpsGateway {
     this.wsLoginInFlight = false;
     this.stopHeartbeat();
     this.emitConnection("disconnected");
-    this.scheduleReconnect();
+    this.wsReconnect.schedule();
   }
 
   private async handleWsMessage(raw: unknown): Promise<void> {
@@ -772,16 +773,6 @@ export class OndoperpsGateway {
     this.heartbeatTimer = null;
   }
 
-  private scheduleReconnect(): void {
-    if (this.wsReconnectTimer) return;
-    const delay = this.wsReconnectDelayMs;
-    this.wsReconnectDelayMs = Math.min(this.wsReconnectDelayMs * 2, WS_RECONNECT_MAX_MS);
-    this.wsReconnectTimer = setTimeout(() => {
-      this.wsReconnectTimer = null;
-      this.connectWebSocket();
-    }, delay);
-  }
-
   private startAccountPolling(): void {
     if (this.accountPollTimer) return;
     const poll = async () => {

src/exchanges/paradex/gateway.ts

@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ export class ParadexGateway {
       const isClosePosition = (extraParams as any).closePosition === true;
       if (isClosePosition) {
         const posAbs = this.getCurrentPositionAbs();
-        if (Number.isFinite(posAbs) && posAbs > 0) {
+        if (posAbs != null && Number.isFinite(posAbs) && posAbs > 0) {
           amount = posAbs;
         }
         const current = Number(amount);

src/exchanges/reconnect-scheduler.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * How long to wait before the nth reconnect attempt (1-based).
+ * Return a fixed value for a constant delay, or grow it for backoff.
+ */
+export type BackoffPolicy = (attempt: number) => number;
+
+export const fixedBackoff = (delayMs: number): BackoffPolicy => () => delayMs;
+
+/** `base * 2^(attempt-1)`, capped at `maxMs`. */
+export const exponentialBackoff = (baseMs: number, maxMs: number): BackoffPolicy => (attempt) =>
+  Math.min(baseMs * Math.pow(2, attempt - 1), maxMs);
+
+/** `base * attempt`, capped at `maxMs`. */
+export const linearBackoff = (baseMs: number, maxMs: number): BackoffPolicy => (attempt) =>
+  Math.min(baseMs * attempt, maxMs);
+
+export interface ReconnectSchedulerOptions {
+  /** Reopens the socket. Rejections are reported and then retried. */
+  connect: () => void | Promise<void>;
+  backoff: BackoffPolicy;
+  /** Returns false to abandon reconnecting (e.g. the gateway was closed). */
+  shouldReconnect?: () => boolean;
+  onError?: (error: unknown, attempt: number) => void;
+  onSchedule?: (delayMs: number, attempt: number) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Owns the reconnect timer for one socket.
+ *
+ * Every gateway hand-rolled the same three pieces — a "one pending attempt at a
+ * time" guard, an attempt counter feeding a backoff formula, and resetting that
+ * counter once the socket opens — each with its own field names and a slightly
+ * different formula. Forgetting the reset is the classic way backoff silently
+ * degrades into a 30-second stall after a transient blip, so the reset lives
+ * here next to the counter it guards.
+ *
+ * Deliberately narrow: connect/auth/subscribe/heartbeat differ per venue and
+ * stay in each gateway.
+ */
+export class ReconnectScheduler {
+  private timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  private attempts = 0;
+  private stopped = false;
+
+  constructor(private readonly options: ReconnectSchedulerOptions) {}
+
+  /** Consecutive failed attempts since the last successful open. */
+  get attemptCount(): number {
+    return this.attempts;
+  }
+
+  get pending(): boolean {
+    return this.timer != null;
+  }
+
+  /** Queues a reconnect. A no-op while one is already pending. */
+  schedule(): void {
+    if (this.stopped || this.timer) return;
+    if (this.options.shouldReconnect && !this.options.shouldReconnect()) return;
+
+    const attempt = this.attempts + 1;
+    const delay = this.options.backoff(attempt);
+    this.options.onSchedule?.(delay, attempt);
+
+    this.timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      this.timer = null;
+      this.attempts = attempt;
+      if (this.stopped) return;
+      try {
+        const result = this.options.connect();
+        if (result && typeof result.then === "function") {
+          result.catch((error) => this.handleFailure(error, attempt));
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.handleFailure(error, attempt);
+      }
+    }, delay);
+  }
+
+  /** Call once the socket is open: clears backoff so the next blip retries fast. */
+  onConnected(): void {
+    this.attempts = 0;
+    this.cancel();
+  }
+
+  /** Cancels a pending attempt without ending the scheduler. */
+  cancel(): void {
+    if (this.timer) {
+      clearTimeout(this.timer);
+      this.timer = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Permanently stops reconnecting; use when the gateway shuts down. */
+  stop(): void {
+    this.stopped = true;
+    this.cancel();
+  }
+
+  private handleFailure(error: unknown, attempt: number): void {
+    this.options.onError?.(error, attempt);
+    this.schedule();
+  }
+}

src/exchanges/standx/gateway.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import NodeWebSocket from "ws";
+import { ReconnectScheduler, exponentialBackoff } from "../reconnect-scheduler";
 import crypto from "crypto";
 import { sign, utils as edUtils, hashes as edHashes } from "@noble/ed25519";
 import { sha512 } from "@noble/hashes/sha512";
@@ -434,7 +435,6 @@ export class StandxGateway {
   private marketWsReady = false;
   private marketWsAuthed = false;
   private marketWsAuthRequested = false;
-  private marketReconnectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
   private readonly subscriptions = new Set<string>();
 
   // ========== 心跳与连接管理 ==========
@@ -443,7 +443,15 @@ export class StandxGateway {
   // 心跳检查定时器
   private heartbeatTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
   // 重连次数（用于指数退避）
-  private reconnectAttempts = 0;
+  private readonly marketReconnect = new ReconnectScheduler({
+    connect: () => {
+      this.logDebug("attempting reconnect");
+      this.connectMarketWs();
+    },
+    backoff: exponentialBackoff(WS_RECONNECT_DELAY_BASE, WS_RECONNECT_DELAY_MAX),
+    onSchedule: (delay, attempt) =>
+      this.logDebug(`scheduling reconnect in ${delay}ms (attempt ${attempt})`),
+  });
 
   // ========== 数据过时检测与 REST 备用 ==========
   // 上次收到行情数据（price/depth）的时间戳
@@ -893,7 +901,7 @@ export class StandxGateway {
   }
 
   private connectMarketWs(): void {
-    if (this.marketWs || this.marketReconnectTimer) return;
+    if (this.marketWs || this.marketReconnect.pending) return;
     this.marketWs = new WebSocketCtor(this.wsUrl);
     this.marketWsReady = false;
     this.marketWsAuthed = false;
@@ -902,7 +910,7 @@ export class StandxGateway {
       this.marketWsReady = true;
       this.marketWsAuthed = false;
       // 重置重连计数和时间戳
-      this.reconnectAttempts = 0;
+      this.marketReconnect.onConnected();
       this.lastMessageTime = Date.now();
       this.lastMarketDataTime = Date.now();
       this.lastAccountDataTime = Date.now();
@@ -929,7 +937,7 @@ export class StandxGateway {
       if (wasReady) {
         this.onDisconnect();
       }
-      this.scheduleReconnect();
+      this.marketReconnect.schedule();
     };
     const handleError = (error: unknown) => {
       this.logger("marketWs", error);
@@ -937,7 +945,7 @@ export class StandxGateway {
       // 因为某些 WebSocket 实现在握手失败时可能不触发 close 事件
       if (this.marketWs && !this.marketWsReady) {
         this.marketWs = null;
-        this.scheduleReconnect();
+        this.marketReconnect.schedule();
       }
     };
 
@@ -960,22 +968,6 @@ export class StandxGateway {
     }
   }
 
-  private scheduleReconnect(): void {
-    if (this.marketReconnectTimer) return;
-    // 指数退避：delay = min(base * 2^attempts, max)
-    const delay = Math.min(
-      WS_RECONNECT_DELAY_BASE * Math.pow(2, this.reconnectAttempts),
-      WS_RECONNECT_DELAY_MAX
-    );
-    this.reconnectAttempts += 1;
-    this.logDebug(`scheduling reconnect in ${delay}ms (attempt ${this.reconnectAttempts})`);
-    this.marketReconnectTimer = setTimeout(() => {
-      this.marketReconnectTimer = null;
-      this.logDebug("attempting reconnect");
-      this.connectMarketWs();
-    }, delay);
-  }
-
   private handleMarketMessage(event: { data: any }): void {
     // 更新最后收到消息的时间（心跳监控）
     this.lastMessageTime = Date.now();
@@ -1322,9 +1314,9 @@ export class StandxGateway {
     if (wasReady) {
       this.onDisconnect();
     }
-    // 立即重连（不使用指数退避，因为是主动行为）
-    this.reconnectAttempts = 0;
-    this.scheduleReconnect();
+    // Deliberate teardown, so reset the backoff and retry at the base delay.
+    this.marketReconnect.onConnected();
+    this.marketReconnect.schedule();
   }
 
   private logDebug(context: string, detail?: unknown): void {

src/i18n/index.ts

@@ -528,14 +528,6 @@ const translations: Record<string, TranslationEntry> = {
     zh: "构建快照失败: {error}",
     en: "Failed to build snapshot: {error}",
   },
-  "log.guardian.precisionSynced": {
-    zh: "已同步交易精度: priceTick={priceTick} qtyStep={qtyStep}",
-    en: "Synced precision: priceTick={priceTick} qtyStep={qtyStep}",
-  },
-  "log.guardian.precisionFailed": {
-    zh: "同步精度失败: {error}",
-    en: "Failed to sync precision: {error}",
-  },
   "log.basis.subscribeFuturesDepthFail": {
     zh: "订阅期货深度失败: {error}",
     en: "Failed to subscribe futures depth: {error}",
@@ -731,13 +723,662 @@ const translations: Record<string, TranslationEntry> = {
   "log.trend.restoreStop": { zh: "恢复原止损 @ {price}", en: "Restored original stop @ {price}" },
   "log.trend.restoreStopFail": { zh: "恢复原止损失败: {error}", en: "Failed to restore original stop: {error}" },
   "log.trend.trailingFail": { zh: "挂动态止盈失败: {error}", en: "Failed to place trailing stop: {error}" },
-  "log.trend.precisionSynced": {
-    zh: "已同步交易精度: priceTick={priceTick} qtyStep={qtyStep}",
-    en: "Synced precision: priceTick={priceTick} qtyStep={qtyStep}",
-  },
-  "log.trend.precisionFailed": { zh: "同步精度失败: {error}", en: "Failed to sync precision: {error}" },
   "log.trend.updateHandlerError": { zh: "更新回调处理异常: {error}", en: "Update handler error: {error}" },
   "log.trend.snapshotDispatchError": { zh: "快照或更新分发异常: {error}", en: "Snapshot/update dispatch error: {error}" },
+  // --- core/order-coordinator ---
+  "order.kind.limit": { zh: "限价单", en: "Limit order" },
+  "order.kind.market": { zh: "市价单", en: "Market order" },
+  "order.kind.stop": { zh: "止损单", en: "Stop order" },
+  "order.kind.trailing": { zh: "动态止盈单", en: "Trailing stop order" },
+  "order.kind.close": { zh: "市价平仓", en: "Market close" },
+  "log.order.markGuardBlocked": {
+    zh: "{kind} 保护触发：side={side} price={price} mark={mark} 超过 {pct}%",
+    en: "{kind} blocked by mark-price guard: side={side} price={price} mark={mark} exceeds {pct}%",
+  },
+  "log.order.lockTimeout": {
+    zh: "{type} 操作超时自动解锁",
+    en: "{type} operation timed out; lock released",
+  },
+  "log.order.dedupeCancelled": {
+    zh: "去重撤销重复 {type} 单: {ids}",
+    en: "Cancelled duplicate {type} orders: {ids}",
+  },
+  "log.order.dedupeGone": {
+    zh: "去重时发现订单已不存在，跳过删除",
+    en: "Order already gone while deduplicating; skipping cancel",
+  },
+  "log.order.dedupeFailed": {
+    zh: "去重撤单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to cancel duplicates: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.order.invalidQuantity": {
+    zh: "{kind}数量无效，跳过下单",
+    en: "{kind} quantity is invalid; skipping",
+  },
+  "log.order.limitPlaced": {
+    zh: "挂限价单: {side} @ {price} 数量 {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}{sl}",
+    en: "Placed limit order: {side} @ {price} qty {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}{sl}",
+  },
+  "log.order.limitGone": {
+    zh: "订单已成交或被撤销，跳过新单",
+    en: "Order already filled or cancelled; skipping new order",
+  },
+  "log.order.marketPlaced": {
+    zh: "市价单: {side} 数量 {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}",
+    en: "Market order: {side} qty {quantity} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}",
+  },
+  "log.order.marketGone": {
+    zh: "市价单失败但订单已不存在，忽略",
+    en: "Market order failed but the order is already gone; ignoring",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopAboveLast": {
+    zh: "止损价 {stopPrice} 高于或等于当前价 {lastPrice}，取消挂单",
+    en: "Stop price {stopPrice} is at or above the last price {lastPrice}; not placing",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopBelowLast": {
+    zh: "止损价 {stopPrice} 低于或等于当前价 {lastPrice}，取消挂单",
+    en: "Stop price {stopPrice} is at or below the last price {lastPrice}; not placing",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopPlaced": {
+    zh: "挂止损单: {side} STOP_MARKET @ {stopPrice}",
+    en: "Placed stop order: {side} STOP_MARKET @ {stopPrice}",
+  },
+  "log.order.stopGone": { zh: "止损单已失效，跳过", en: "Stop order no longer valid; skipping" },
+  "log.order.trailingUnsupported": {
+    zh: "当前交易所不支持动态止盈单",
+    en: "This exchange does not support trailing stop orders",
+  },
+  "log.order.trailingPlaced": {
+    zh: "挂动态止盈单: {side} activation={activation} callbackRate={callbackRate}",
+    en: "Placed trailing stop: {side} activation={activation} callbackRate={callbackRate}",
+  },
+  "log.order.trailingGone": {
+    zh: "动态止盈单已失效，跳过",
+    en: "Trailing stop no longer valid; skipping",
+  },
+  "log.order.closePlaced": { zh: "市价平仓: {side}", en: "Market close: {side}" },
+  "log.order.closeGone": {
+    zh: "市场平仓时订单已不存在",
+    en: "Order already gone while closing at market",
+  },
+  // --- utils/standx-token-expiry ---
+  "token.expiringSoon": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 将在 {minutes} 分钟后过期",
+    en: "StandX token expires in {minutes} minutes",
+  },
+  "token.expiredCancelling": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 已过期，正在取消所有挂单",
+    en: "StandX token expired; cancelling all open orders",
+  },
+  "token.expiredWithPosition": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 已过期，仅保留平仓/止损逻辑",
+    en: "StandX token expired; only close/stop logic remains active",
+  },
+  "token.expiredSilent": {
+    zh: "StandX Token 已过期，进入静默数据接收模式",
+    en: "StandX token expired; entering silent data-only mode",
+  },
+  "log.token.closeOnlyForced": {
+    zh: "Token 过期，强制进入平仓模式，仅允许 reduce-only 订单",
+    en: "Token expired; forcing close-only mode, reduce-only orders only",
+  },
+  "log.token.silentEntered": {
+    zh: "进入静默数据接收模式，不再进行任何交易操作",
+    en: "Entered silent data-only mode; no further trading actions",
+  },
+  "log.token.ordersCancelled": {
+    zh: "Token 过期，已撤销所有挂单",
+    en: "Token expired; cancelled all open orders",
+  },
+  "log.token.cancelOrderMissing": {
+    zh: "Token 过期撤单时订单已不存在",
+    en: "Order already gone while cancelling after token expiry",
+  },
+  "log.token.cancelFailed": {
+    zh: "Token 过期撤单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to cancel orders after token expiry: {error}",
+  },
+  "notify.token.title": { zh: "Token 已过期", en: "Token expired" },
+  "notify.token.closeOnly": {
+    zh: "Token 已过期，进入平仓模式，不再开新仓",
+    en: "Token expired; entering close-only mode, no new positions",
+  },
+  "notify.token.silent": {
+    zh: "Token 已过期，策略进入静默模式",
+    en: "Token expired; strategy entering silent mode",
+  },
+  // --- strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard ---
+  "log.margin.switched": {
+    zh: "已切换为逐仓模式 (isolated)，恢复策略运行",
+    en: "Switched to isolated margin; resuming strategy",
+  },
+  "log.margin.switchUnconfirmed": {
+    zh: "逐仓模式切换未确认，当前模式: {mode}",
+    en: "Isolated margin switch unconfirmed; current mode: {mode}",
+  },
+  "log.margin.switchFailed": {
+    zh: "切换逐仓模式失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to switch to isolated margin: {error}",
+  },
+  // --- strategy/grid-logic ---
+  "log.grid.entryFilled": {
+    zh: "ENTRY 成交: {side} @ {price} (线 {level})",
+    en: "ENTRY filled: {side} @ {price} (level {level})",
+  },
+  "log.grid.orphanExitFilled": {
+    zh: "孤儿 EXIT 成交: {side} @ {price}",
+    en: "Orphan EXIT filled: {side} @ {price}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.exitFilled": {
+    zh: "EXIT 成交: {side} @ {price} (释放线 {level})",
+    en: "EXIT filled: {side} @ {price} (level {level} released)",
+  },
+  "log.grid.entryCancelled": {
+    zh: "ENTRY 撤销: {side} @ {price} (线 {level})",
+    en: "ENTRY cancelled: {side} @ {price} (level {level})",
+  },
+  "log.grid.exitCancelled": {
+    zh: "EXIT 撤销: {side} @ {price} (线 {level})",
+    en: "EXIT cancelled: {side} @ {price} (level {level})",
+  },
+  "log.grid.orderVanished": {
+    zh: "订单消失待判定: {intent} {side} @ {price}",
+    en: "Order vanished, outcome unknown: {intent} {side} @ {price}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.belowLowerBound": {
+    zh: "价格跌破网格下边界 {pct}%",
+    en: "Price fell {pct}% below the grid's lower bound",
+  },
+  "log.grid.aboveUpperBound": {
+    zh: "价格突破网格上边界 {pct}%",
+    en: "Price rose {pct}% above the grid's upper bound",
+  },
+  "log.grid.coverageAuditClose": {
+    zh: "覆盖审计: 未覆盖 {qty} 且{cause}，市价平仓",
+    en: "Coverage audit: {qty} uncovered and {cause}; closing at market",
+  },
+  "log.grid.causeOutOfRange": { zh: "价格已出区间", en: "price left the range" },
+  "log.grid.causeLossExceeded": { zh: "浮亏超限", en: "unrealised loss exceeded the limit" },
+  "log.grid.coverageAuditReason": { zh: "覆盖审计止损", en: "Coverage audit stop" },
+  "log.grid.coverageAuditRepost": {
+    zh: "覆盖审计: 未覆盖 {qty}，补挂平仓单 @ {price}",
+    en: "Coverage audit: {qty} uncovered; reposting exit @ {price}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.shiftOutOfRange": {
+    zh: "价格越界，启动移格: {reason}",
+    en: "Price out of range; starting grid shift: {reason}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.shiftAnchorDrift": {
+    zh: "价格偏离锚定价超阈值，启动移格 (anchor={anchor} → {price})",
+    en: "Price drifted past the anchor threshold; starting grid shift (anchor={anchor} → {price})",
+  },
+  "log.grid.adoptOrphanExit": {
+    zh: "收编平仓方向挂单为孤儿 EXIT: {side} @ {price}",
+    en: "Adopted an unattributed exit-side order as orphan EXIT: {side} @ {price}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.cancelUnattributable": {
+    zh: "撤销无法归属的挂单: {side} @ {price}",
+    en: "Cancelling unattributable order: {side} @ {price}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.inflightMatched": {
+    zh: "inflight 归属确认: {intent} {side} @ {price}",
+    en: "In-flight order matched: {intent} {side} @ {price}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.cancelStaleVersion": {
+    zh: "撤销过期网格版本挂单: {clientOrderId}",
+    en: "Cancelling order from a stale grid version: {clientOrderId}",
+  },
+  "log.grid.orphanResidual": {
+    zh: "对账残余孤儿仓位: {qty}",
+    en: "Reconciliation left an orphan position: {qty}",
+  },
+  // --- strategy/grid-engine ---
+  "log.gridEngine.configInvalid": { zh: "配置无效，已暂停网格", en: "Invalid config; grid paused" },
+  "log.gridEngine.wsDisconnected": {
+    zh: "WebSocket 断连 ({symbol})，冻结网格下单",
+    en: "WebSocket disconnected ({symbol}); freezing grid orders",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.wsReconnected": {
+    zh: "WebSocket 重连成功 ({symbol})，下一轮执行对账",
+    en: "WebSocket reconnected ({symbol}); reconciling next tick",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.loadStateFailed": {
+    zh: "加载网格状态失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to load grid state: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.stateRestored": {
+    zh: "已从磁盘恢复网格状态: gridVersion={gridVersion} anchor={anchor} 区间=[{lower}, {upper}]{shift}",
+    en: "Restored grid state from disk: gridVersion={gridVersion} anchor={anchor} range=[{lower}, {upper}]{shift}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.stateRestoredShift": {
+    zh: " 移格续跑({phase})",
+    en: " resuming shift ({phase})",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.fingerprintMismatch": {
+    zh: "磁盘网格状态与当前配置指纹不一致，全新建格并执行孤儿扫描",
+    en: "Stored grid state does not match the current config; rebuilding and scanning for orphans",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.gridCreated": {
+    zh: "以锚定价 {anchor} 建立网格 ({mode})",
+    en: "Grid created at anchor {anchor} ({mode})",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.initFailed": { zh: "网格初始化失败: {error}", en: "Grid init failed: {error}" },
+  "log.gridEngine.reconcileEvent": { zh: "[对账:{source}] {event}", en: "[reconcile:{source}] {event}" },
+  "log.gridEngine.reconcileCancelled": {
+    zh: "[对账:{source}] 撤销 {count} 个无法归属的挂单",
+    en: "[reconcile:{source}] cancelled {count} unattributable orders",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.reconcileCancelFailed": {
+    zh: "[对账:{source}] 撤单失败: {error}",
+    en: "[reconcile:{source}] cancel failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.reconcileOrdersFailed": {
+    zh: "[对账:{source}] REST 查询挂单失败: {error}",
+    en: "[reconcile:{source}] REST open-order query failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.reconcileAccountFailed": {
+    zh: "[对账:{source}] REST 查询账户失败: {error}",
+    en: "[reconcile:{source}] REST account query failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.tickFailed": { zh: "网格轮询异常: {error}", en: "Grid tick failed: {error}" },
+  "log.gridEngine.shiftStarting": {
+    zh: "启动智能移格，目标锚定价 {anchor}",
+    en: "Starting grid shift to anchor {anchor}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.orderFeedStalled": {
+    zh: "订单流疑似停滞（下单后长时间未反映），暂停新下单",
+    en: "Order feed looks stalled (placements are not showing up); pausing new orders",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.placeFailed": {
+    zh: "挂单失败 ({side} @ {price}): {error}",
+    en: "Failed to place order ({side} @ {price}): {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.closeSlippageBlocked": {
+    zh: "市价平仓滑点守卫触发 ({reason}): close={close} mark={mark} 偏离 {pct}% > {limit}%，暂缓",
+    en: "Market close blocked by slippage guard ({reason}): close={close} mark={mark} deviates {pct}% > {limit}%; holding off",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.closed": { zh: "市价平仓 {side} {qty} ({reason})", en: "Market close {side} {qty} ({reason})" },
+  "log.gridEngine.closeFailed": {
+    zh: "市价平仓失败 ({reason}): {error}",
+    en: "Market close failed ({reason}): {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.shiftCancelRequested": {
+    zh: "移格: 已请求撤销全部挂单",
+    en: "Shift: requested cancellation of all orders",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.shiftCancelFailed": { zh: "移格撤单失败: {error}", en: "Shift cancel failed: {error}" },
+  "log.gridEngine.shiftCloseReason": { zh: "移格平仓", en: "Grid shift close" },
+  "log.gridEngine.shiftCloseDeferred": {
+    zh: "移格: 平仓被滑点守卫暂缓，下轮重试",
+    en: "Shift: close deferred by the slippage guard; retrying next tick",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.shiftDone": {
+    zh: "移格完成: 新锚定价 {anchor}，区间 [{lower}, {upper}]，gridVersion={gridVersion}",
+    en: "Shift complete: anchor {anchor}, range [{lower}, {upper}], gridVersion={gridVersion}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.stopCancelledFlat": {
+    zh: "已撤销交易所兜底止损单（仓位归零）",
+    en: "Cancelled the exchange stop order (position is flat)",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.stopCancelFailed": {
+    zh: "撤销兜底止损单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to cancel the exchange stop: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.stopCancelStaleFailed": {
+    zh: "撤销旧兜底止损单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to cancel the previous exchange stop: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.stopPlaceFailed": {
+    zh: "挂兜底止损单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to place the exchange stop: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.haltStarting": {
+    zh: "{reason}，开始执行撤单与平仓",
+    en: "{reason}; cancelling orders and closing out",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.allCancelled": { zh: "已撤销全部网格挂单", en: "Cancelled all grid orders" },
+  "log.gridEngine.cancelAllFailed": {
+    zh: "撤销网格挂单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to cancel grid orders: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.stopCloseDeferred": {
+    zh: "止损平仓被滑点守卫暂缓，下轮重试",
+    en: "Stop close deferred by the slippage guard; retrying next tick",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.resumed": {
+    zh: "价格重新回到网格区间，恢复网格运行 (gridVersion={gridVersion})",
+    en: "Price re-entered the grid range; resuming (gridVersion={gridVersion})",
+  },
+  "log.gridEngine.saveStateFailed": {
+    zh: "保存网格状态失败: {error}",
+    en: "Failed to save grid state: {error}",
+  },
+  // --- offset-maker / liquidity-maker (shared wording) ---
+  "log.subscribe.klineFail": { zh: "订阅K线失败: {error}", en: "Failed to subscribe klines: {error}" },
+  "log.process.klineError": { zh: "K线推送处理异常: {error}", en: "Kline update handler error: {error}" },
+  "log.spotMaker.belowMinSellHold": {
+    zh: "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，暂不挂卖单",
+    en: "Spot balance is below the minimum sell size; holding off on sell orders",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.belowMinSellSkip": {
+    zh: "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，跳过卖单",
+    en: "Spot balance is below the minimum sell size; skipping the sell order",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.buyOnlyOnGreenCandle": {
+    zh: "现货买入仅在1m阳线，当前跳过买单",
+    en: "Spot buys only on a green 1m candle; skipping the buy order",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.quoteBalanceShort": {
+    zh: "现货可用报价资产不足，跳过买单",
+    en: "Not enough quote asset available; skipping the buy order",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.baseBalanceShort": {
+    zh: "现货可用基础资产不足，跳过卖单",
+    en: "Not enough base asset available; skipping the sell order",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.spreadTooTightBuy": {
+    zh: "跳过买单：价差不足以构造maker价格",
+    en: "Skipping the buy order: the spread is too tight for a maker price",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.spreadTooTightSell": {
+    zh: "跳过卖单：价差不足以构造maker价格",
+    en: "Skipping the sell order: the spread is too tight for a maker price",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.sellBelowMinNotional": {
+    zh: "现货卖单低于最小成交量，跳过挂单等待累积",
+    en: "Sell size is below the venue minimum; waiting to accumulate",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.belowMinCloseSkipStop": {
+    zh: "现货持仓低于最小平仓数量，跳过止损检查",
+    en: "Spot position is below the minimum close size; skipping the stop check",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.rateLimitCloseMissing": {
+    zh: "限频强制平仓时订单已不存在",
+    en: "Order already gone during the rate-limit forced close",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.rateLimitCloseFailed": {
+    zh: "限频强制平仓失败: {error}",
+    en: "Rate-limit forced close failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.startupCleanup": { zh: "启动时清理历史挂单", en: "Cancelling stale orders on startup" },
+  "log.spotMaker.startupCleanupGone": {
+    zh: "历史挂单已消失，跳过启动清理",
+    en: "Stale orders already gone; skipping startup cleanup",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.startupCancelFailed": {
+    zh: "启动撤单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Startup cancel failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.cancelMismatched": {
+    zh: "撤销不匹配订单 {side} @ {price} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}",
+    en: "Cancelling mismatched order {side} @ {price} reduceOnly={reduceOnly}",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.cancelAlreadySettled": {
+    zh: "撤销时发现订单已被成交/取消，忽略",
+    en: "Order was already filled or cancelled; ignoring",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.cancelFailed": { zh: "撤销订单失败: {error}", en: "Failed to cancel order: {error}" },
+  "log.spotMaker.orderMissingOnCancel": {
+    zh: "订单已不存在，撤销跳过",
+    en: "Order no longer exists; skipping cancel",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.dustCloseFailed": {
+    zh: "小额市价平仓失败: {error}",
+    en: "Dust market close failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.dustClose": {
+    zh: "小额仓位使用市价平仓 {side} 数量 {qty}",
+    en: "Closing dust position at market: {side} qty {qty}",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.placeFailed": {
+    zh: "挂单失败({side} {price}): {error}",
+    en: "Failed to place order ({side} {price}): {error}",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.spotStop": {
+    zh: "现货止损，当前仓位={qty} PnL={pnl} USDT",
+    en: "Spot stop-loss: position={qty} PnL={pnl} USDT",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.spotStopFailed": { zh: "现货止损失败: {error}", en: "Spot stop-loss failed: {error}" },
+  "log.spotMaker.stopCloseMissing": {
+    zh: "止损平仓时订单已不存在",
+    en: "Order already gone while closing on stop",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.stopCloseFailed": { zh: "止损平仓失败: {error}", en: "Stop close failed: {error}" },
+  "log.spotMaker.entryPricePending": {
+    zh: "做市持仓均价未同步，等待账户快照刷新后再执行止损判断",
+    en: "Entry price not synced yet; waiting for an account refresh before evaluating the stop",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.stopTriggered": {
+    zh: "触发止损，方向={direction} 当前亏损={pnl} USDT",
+    en: "Stop-loss triggered: direction={direction} loss={pnl} USDT",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.updateHandlerError": {
+    zh: "更新回调处理异常: {error}",
+    en: "Update handler error: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.spotMaker.snapshotDispatchError": {
+    zh: "快照或更新分发异常: {error}",
+    en: "Snapshot/update dispatch error: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.offsetMaker.tickFailed": { zh: "偏移做市循环异常: {error}", en: "Offset maker tick failed: {error}" },
+  "log.offsetMaker.imbalanceClose": {
+    zh: "深度极端不平衡({buySum} vs {sellSum}), 市价平仓 {side}",
+    en: "Extreme depth imbalance ({buySum} vs {sellSum}); closing {side} at market",
+  },
+  "log.offsetMaker.imbalanceCloseMissing": {
+    zh: "深度不平衡平仓时订单已不存在",
+    en: "Order already gone during the imbalance close",
+  },
+  "log.offsetMaker.imbalanceCloseFailed": {
+    zh: "深度不平衡平仓失败: {error}",
+    en: "Imbalance close failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.liquidityMaker.tickFailed": {
+    zh: "流动性做市循环异常: {error}",
+    en: "Liquidity maker tick failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.liquidityMaker.fillDetected": {
+    zh: "检测到成交: {side} {qty} @ {price}",
+    en: "Fill detected: {side} {qty} @ {price}",
+  },
+  "log.liquidityMaker.exitRaisedToBreakeven": {
+    zh: "平仓价调整为入场价+1tick以确保不亏本: {price}",
+    en: "Exit raised to entry+1 tick to stay at or above breakeven: {price}",
+  },
+  "log.liquidityMaker.exitLoweredToBreakeven": {
+    zh: "平仓价调整为入场价-1tick以确保不亏本: {price}",
+    en: "Exit lowered to entry-1 tick to stay at or above breakeven: {price}",
+  },
+  // --- strategy/maker-points-engine ---
+  "log.mp.binanceError": { zh: "Binance {context} 异常: {error}", en: "Binance {context} error: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.binanceDisconnected": { zh: "Binance 深度连接断开", en: "Binance depth feed disconnected" },
+  "log.mp.binanceStale": { zh: "Binance 深度数据过时", en: "Binance depth data is stale" },
+  "log.mp.binanceRecovered": { zh: "Binance 深度连接恢复", en: "Binance depth feed recovered" },
+  "log.mp.wsDisconnected": {
+    zh: "WebSocket 断连 ({symbol})，启动断连保护",
+    en: "WebSocket disconnected ({symbol}); engaging disconnect protection",
+  },
+  "log.mp.wsReconnected": {
+    zh: "WebSocket 重连成功 ({symbol})，开始重连保护流程",
+    en: "WebSocket reconnected ({symbol}); running reconnect protection",
+  },
+  "log.mp.reconnectFoundOrders": {
+    zh: "重连后查询到 {count} 个挂单",
+    en: "Found {count} open orders after reconnecting",
+  },
+  "log.mp.reconnectCancelled": { zh: "重连保护：已取消所有挂单", en: "Reconnect protection: cancelled all orders" },
+  "log.mp.reconnectCancelPartial": {
+    zh: "重连保护：取消挂单未完全成功，将在下次循环重试",
+    en: "Reconnect protection: cancellation incomplete; retrying next tick",
+  },
+  "log.mp.reconnectFailed": { zh: "重连保护流程失败: {error}", en: "Reconnect protection failed: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.closeOnlyEntered": { zh: "进入平仓模式，仅挂 reduce-only", en: "Entered close-only mode; reduce-only quotes" },
+  "log.mp.closeOnlyExited": { zh: "退出平仓模式", en: "Left close-only mode" },
+  "log.mp.depthImbalancePause": {
+    zh: "Binance 深度失衡，暂停 {summary} 挂单",
+    en: "Binance depth imbalance; pausing {summary} quotes",
+  },
+  "log.mp.depthImbalanceResume": { zh: "Binance 深度恢复，继续挂单", en: "Binance depth recovered; resuming quotes" },
+  "log.mp.rateLimited": { zh: "限频触发，暂停挂单: {error}", en: "Rate limited; pausing quotes: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.tickFailed": { zh: "MakerPoints 主循环异常: {error}", en: "MakerPoints tick failed: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.precisionErrorResync": {
+    zh: "检测到精度错误，重新同步: {error}",
+    en: "Precision error detected; resyncing: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.mp.placeFailed": { zh: "挂单失败 {side} @ {price}: {error}", en: "Failed to place {side} @ {price}: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.unexpectedOrders": {
+    zh: "发现 {count} 个未预期挂单，执行强制取消",
+    en: "Found {count} unexpected orders; force-cancelling",
+  },
+  "log.mp.forceCancelled": {
+    zh: "已强制取消所有挂单，重置本地状态",
+    en: "Force-cancelled all orders and reset local state",
+  },
+  "log.mp.verifyOrdersFailed": { zh: "验证挂单状态失败: {error}", en: "Failed to verify order state: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.stopTriggered": {
+    zh: "触发止损: 实时未实现亏损 {pnl} USDT",
+    en: "Stop-loss triggered: live unrealised loss {pnl} USDT",
+  },
+  "log.mp.stopSucceeded": { zh: "止损成功: 仓位已清零", en: "Stop-loss done: position is flat" },
+  "log.mp.stopOrderMissing": {
+    zh: "止损平仓时订单已不存在，继续检查仓位",
+    en: "Order already gone during the stop close; rechecking the position",
+  },
+  "log.mp.stopPrecisionResync": {
+    zh: "止损平仓精度错误，重新同步: {error}",
+    en: "Precision error during the stop close; resyncing: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.mp.stopRetry": {
+    zh: "止损平仓失败 (重试 {attempt}/{max}): {error}",
+    en: "Stop close failed (retry {attempt}/{max}): {error}",
+  },
+  "log.mp.stopRetriesExhausted": {
+    zh: "止损重试已达上限 ({max} 次)，请手动检查仓位",
+    en: "Stop retries exhausted ({max}); check the position manually",
+  },
+  "log.mp.updateHandlerError": { zh: "更新监听异常: {error}", en: "Update listener error: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.snapshotError": { zh: "快照生成异常: {error}", en: "Snapshot build error: {error}" },
+  "log.mp.noTargets": { zh: "暂无目标挂单", en: "No target orders" },
+  "log.mp.targets": { zh: "目标挂单: {summary}", en: "Target orders: {summary}" },
+  "log.mp.skipThinDepth": {
+    zh: "跳过 {side} {bps}bps 挂单: 深度 {depth} BTC < {min} BTC",
+    en: "Skipping {side} {bps}bps quote: depth {depth} BTC < {min} BTC",
+  },
+  "log.mp.depthRecovered": {
+    zh: "{side} {bps}bps 深度恢复，继续挂单",
+    en: "{side} {bps}bps depth recovered; resuming quotes",
+  },
+  "log.mp.insufficientBalance": {
+    zh: "余额不足，暂停挂单 {seconds}s: {detail}",
+    en: "Insufficient balance; pausing quotes for {seconds}s: {detail}",
+  },
+  "log.mp.balanceRecovered": { zh: "余额恢复，继续挂单", en: "Balance recovered; resuming quotes" },
+  "log.mp.defenseEntered": {
+    zh: "数据过时检测: {summary}，进入防御模式",
+    en: "Stale-data check: {summary}; entering defense mode",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defenseExited": {
+    zh: "数据推送恢复正常，退出防御模式",
+    en: "Data feeds recovered; leaving defense mode",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defenseForceCancelled": {
+    zh: "防御模式: 已强制取消所有挂单",
+    en: "Defense mode: force-cancelled all orders",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defenseCancelPartial": {
+    zh: "防御模式: 取消挂单未完全成功，将继续重试",
+    en: "Defense mode: cancellation incomplete; will retry",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defenseCancelled": { zh: "防御模式: 已取消所有挂单", en: "Defense mode: cancelled all orders" },
+  "log.mp.defenseOrdersGone": { zh: "防御模式: 挂单已不存在", en: "Defense mode: orders already gone" },
+  "log.mp.defenseCancelFailed": {
+    zh: "防御模式取消挂单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Defense mode cancel failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defensePollStarted": {
+    zh: "防御模式: 启动 REST 数据轮询",
+    en: "Defense mode: started REST polling",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defensePollStopped": {
+    zh: "防御模式: 停止 REST 数据轮询",
+    en: "Defense mode: stopped REST polling",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defensePositionStillBad": {
+    zh: "防御模式: 仓位数据仍异常: {issues}",
+    en: "Defense mode: position data still invalid: {issues}",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defenseEmptySnapshot": {
+    zh: "防御模式: REST 获取账户快照为空",
+    en: "Defense mode: REST returned an empty account snapshot",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defenseFoundOrders": {
+    zh: "防御模式: 发现 {count} 个挂单，执行取消",
+    en: "Defense mode: found {count} open orders; cancelling",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defenseQueryFailed": {
+    zh: "防御模式查询挂单失败: {error}",
+    en: "Defense mode open-order query failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "log.mp.defensePollFailed": {
+    zh: "防御模式 REST 轮询失败: {error}",
+    en: "Defense mode REST poll failed: {error}",
+  },
+  "notify.mp.disconnectTitle": { zh: "连接断开", en: "Disconnected" },
+  "notify.mp.disconnectBody": {
+    zh: "WebSocket 断连，正在尝试取消所有挂单",
+    en: "WebSocket disconnected; cancelling all open orders",
+  },
+  "notify.mp.reconnectTitle": { zh: "重连完成", en: "Reconnected" },
+  "notify.mp.reconnectBody": {
+    zh: "WebSocket 重连成功，已清理挂单状态",
+    en: "WebSocket reconnected; order state cleaned up",
+  },
+  "notify.mp.stopTitle": { zh: "止损触发", en: "Stop-loss triggered" },
+  "notify.mp.stopBody": {
+    zh: "实时未实现亏损 {pnl} USDT，强制平仓",
+    en: "Live unrealised loss {pnl} USDT; forcing a close",
+  },
+  "notify.mp.defenseTitle": { zh: "防御模式", en: "Defense mode" },
+  "notify.mp.defenseBody": {
+    zh: "数据推送中断: {summary}，已取消所有挂单",
+    en: "Data feed interrupted: {summary}; cancelled all open orders",
+  },
+  "notify.mp.defenseClearedTitle": { zh: "防御模式解除", en: "Defense mode cleared" },
+  "notify.mp.defenseClearedBody": {
+    zh: "数据推送恢复正常，恢复正常交易",
+    en: "Data feeds are healthy again; resuming normal trading",
+  },
+  "notify.mp.openTitle": { zh: "开仓", en: "Position opened" },
+  "notify.mp.closeTitle": { zh: "平仓", en: "Position closed" },
+  "notify.mp.closeTitleTokenExpired": { zh: "Token过期平仓", en: "Token-expiry close" },
+  "notify.mp.increaseTitle": { zh: "加仓", en: "Position increased" },
+  "notify.mp.reduceTitle": { zh: "减仓", en: "Position reduced" },
+  "notify.mp.reverseTitle": { zh: "反向开仓", en: "Position reversed" },
+  "notify.mp.openBody": { zh: "{direction} {qty}", en: "{direction} {qty}" },
+  "notify.mp.closeBody": { zh: "已平仓 {qty} ({direction})", en: "Closed {qty} ({direction})" },
+  "notify.mp.increaseBody": {
+    zh: "{direction} +{delta} → {qty}",
+    en: "{direction} +{delta} → {qty}",
+  },
+  "notify.mp.reduceBody": { zh: "{direction} -{delta} → {qty}", en: "{direction} -{delta} → {qty}" },
+  "notify.mp.reverseBody": { zh: "{transition} {qty}", en: "{transition} {qty}" },
+  "common.direction.longToShort": { zh: "多→空", en: "long → short" },
+  "common.direction.shortToLong": { zh: "空→多", en: "short → long" },
+  // --- strategy/maker-points-defense (stale-reason summary) ---
+  "defense.reason.depth": { zh: "StandX深度({seconds}s)", en: "StandX depth ({seconds}s)" },
+  "defense.reason.account": { zh: "StandX账户({seconds}s)", en: "StandX account ({seconds}s)" },
+  "defense.reason.accountInvalid": {
+    zh: "StandX仓位数据异常({issues})",
+    en: "StandX position data invalid ({issues})",
+  },
+  "defense.reason.rest": { zh: "StandX REST错误({count}次)", en: "StandX REST errors ({count})" },
+  "defense.reason.marginMode": { zh: "保证金模式({mode})", en: "Margin mode ({mode})" },
+  "defense.reason.binanceDepth": { zh: "Binance深度({seconds}s)", en: "Binance depth ({seconds}s)" },
+  "defense.reason.binanceBook": {
+    zh: "Binance簿记异常({reason})",
+    en: "Binance order book unhealthy ({reason})",
+  },
+  "defense.reason.unknown": { zh: "unknown", en: "unknown" },
 };
 
 const formatTemplate = (template: string, params: Record<string, unknown>): string => {

src/strategy/basis-arb-engine.ts

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ export class BasisArbEngine {
     const spotTs = snapshot.spotLastUpdate ?? 0;
     if (futTs <= readyAt || spotTs <= readyAt) return;
     const now = this.now();
-    // Use net spread after taker fees to match UI's "扣除 taker 手续费" bp
+    // Use net spread after taker fees to match the bp figure the UI labels as taker-fee-adjusted
     const spreadBps = snapshot.netSpreadBps;
     const fundingRate = snapshot.fundingRate;
     const nextFundingTime = snapshot.nextFundingTime;

src/strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import type { AccountSnapshot } from "../../exchanges/types";
+import { extractMessage } from "../../utils/errors";
+import { t } from "../../i18n";
+import type { LogHandler } from "./subscriptions";
+
+/** Snapshot refreshes to wait through before giving up on the switch (~5s total). */
+const MAX_CONFIRM_ATTEMPTS = 10;
+const CONFIRM_INTERVAL_MS = 500;
+
+export interface IsolatedMarginGuardDeps {
+  symbol: string;
+  /** False on venues that do not expose a per-symbol margin mode; the guard is then inert. */
+  enabled: boolean;
+  log: LogHandler;
+  /** Latest account snapshot the engine holds. */
+  currentSnapshot: () => AccountSnapshot | null;
+  changeMarginMode?: (params: { symbol: string; marginMode: "isolated" | "cross" }) => Promise<void>;
+  queryAccountSnapshot?: () => Promise<AccountSnapshot | null>;
+  /** Feeds a freshly polled snapshot back into the engine before re-reading the mode. */
+  applySnapshot: (snapshot: AccountSnapshot) => void;
+  sleep?: (ms: number) => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Keeps the traded symbol on isolated margin.
+ *
+ * The switch is asynchronous at the venue: the REST call returns before the
+ * account reflects it, so the guard polls until the new mode shows up. A single
+ * in-flight promise makes concurrent ticks share one attempt instead of firing
+ * the change repeatedly.
+ */
+export class IsolatedMarginGuard {
+  private ensuring: Promise<boolean> | null = null;
+
+  constructor(private readonly deps: IsolatedMarginGuardDeps) {}
+
+  /** The venue's margin mode for this symbol, lowercased, or null when unknown. */
+  currentMode(snapshot: AccountSnapshot | null = this.deps.currentSnapshot()): string | null {
+    if (!this.deps.enabled) return null;
+    const positions = snapshot?.positions ?? [];
+    const match = positions.find((pos) => pos.symbol === this.deps.symbol);
+    const raw = (match as { marginType?: unknown; margin_mode?: unknown } | undefined)?.marginType ??
+      (match as { margin_mode?: unknown } | undefined)?.margin_mode;
+    const mode = typeof raw === "string" ? raw.trim().toLowerCase() : "";
+    return mode ? mode : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns true when the symbol is on isolated margin. A false result means the
+   *   caller should hold off trading — either a switch is under way or it failed.
+   */
+  async ensureIsolated(): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (!this.deps.enabled) return true;
+    if (this.currentMode() === "isolated") return true;
+
+    const { changeMarginMode, queryAccountSnapshot } = this.deps;
+    if (!changeMarginMode || !queryAccountSnapshot) return false;
+    // Another tick is already switching; do not stack a second request.
+    if (this.ensuring) return false;
+
+    this.ensuring = this.performSwitch(changeMarginMode, queryAccountSnapshot);
+    return await this.ensuring;
+  }
+
+  private async performSwitch(
+    changeMarginMode: NonNullable<IsolatedMarginGuardDeps["changeMarginMode"]>,
+    queryAccountSnapshot: NonNullable<IsolatedMarginGuardDeps["queryAccountSnapshot"]>
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    const sleep = this.deps.sleep ?? ((ms: number) => new Promise<void>((r) => setTimeout(r, ms)));
+    try {
+      await changeMarginMode({ symbol: this.deps.symbol, marginMode: "isolated" });
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt < MAX_CONFIRM_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
+        const next = await queryAccountSnapshot();
+        if (next) {
+          this.deps.applySnapshot(next);
+        }
+        if (this.currentMode() === "isolated") {
+          this.deps.log("info", t("log.margin.switched"));
+          return true;
+        }
+        await sleep(CONFIRM_INTERVAL_MS);
+      }
+      this.deps.log("warn", t("log.margin.switchUnconfirmed", { mode: this.currentMode() ?? "unknown" }));
+      return false;
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.deps.log("error", t("log.margin.switchFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
+      return false;
+    } finally {
+      this.ensuring = null;
+    }
+  }
+}

src/strategy/common/precision-syncer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import type { ExchangeAdapter, ExchangePrecision } from "../../exchanges/adapter";
+import { extractMessage } from "../../utils/errors";
+import { t } from "../../i18n";
+import type { LogHandler } from "./subscriptions";
+
+/** Smallest tick/step an engine will accept; guards against a config of 0. */
+const MIN_INCREMENT = 1e-9;
+/** Two ticks that differ by less than this are the same tick. */
+const INCREMENT_EPSILON = 1e-12;
+const RETRY_DELAY_MS = 2000;
+
+export interface PrecisionSeed {
+  priceTick: number;
+  qtyStep: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Config slice the syncer writes through to. Engines that read
+ * `config.priceTick` / `config.qtyStep` directly stay correct without change.
+ * `qtyStep` is optional: the maker-family configs carry only a price tick.
+ */
+export interface PrecisionConfigTarget {
+  priceTick: number;
+  qtyStep?: number;
+}
+
+export interface PrecisionSyncerMessages {
+  synced: (precision: ExchangePrecision) => string;
+  failed: (error: unknown) => string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetches trading precision from the exchange once, retrying until it lands, and
+ * exposes the live values every engine quotes against.
+ *
+ * Owns its retry timer so a stopped engine stops retrying — the eight hand-rolled
+ * copies of this logic leaked one retry loop each.
+ */
+export class PrecisionSyncer {
+  private priceTickValue: number;
+  private qtyStepValue: number;
+  private minBaseAmountValue: number | null = null;
+  private minQuoteAmountValue: number | null = null;
+
+  private inFlight: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private retryTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+  private stopped = false;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly exchange: ExchangeAdapter,
+    private readonly config: PrecisionConfigTarget,
+    seed: PrecisionSeed,
+    private readonly log: LogHandler,
+    private readonly messages: PrecisionSyncerMessages
+  ) {
+    this.priceTickValue = Math.max(MIN_INCREMENT, seed.priceTick);
+    this.qtyStepValue = Math.max(MIN_INCREMENT, seed.qtyStep);
+  }
+
+  get priceTick(): number {
+    return this.priceTickValue;
+  }
+
+  get qtyStep(): number {
+    return this.qtyStepValue;
+  }
+
+  get minBaseAmount(): number | null {
+    return this.minBaseAmountValue;
+  }
+
+  get minQuoteAmount(): number | null {
+    return this.minQuoteAmountValue;
+  }
+
+  /** Idempotent: a sync already in flight or already completed is not repeated. */
+  start(): void {
+    if (this.stopped || this.inFlight) return;
+    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
+    if (!getPrecision) return;
+
+    this.inFlight = getPrecision()
+      .then((precision) => {
+        if (this.stopped || !precision) return;
+        if (this.apply(precision)) {
+          this.log("info", this.messages.synced(precision));
+        }
+      })
+      .catch((error) => {
+        this.inFlight = null;
+        if (this.stopped) return;
+        this.log("error", this.messages.failed(extractMessage(error)));
+        this.retryTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+          this.retryTimer = null;
+          this.start();
+        }, RETRY_DELAY_MS);
+      });
+  }
+
+  /** Discards the completed sync so the next start() refetches. */
+  refresh(): void {
+    this.inFlight = null;
+    this.start();
+  }
+
+  stop(): void {
+    this.stopped = true;
+    if (this.retryTimer) {
+      clearTimeout(this.retryTimer);
+      this.retryTimer = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** @returns whether either increment actually moved. */
+  private apply(precision: ExchangePrecision): boolean {
+    let changed = false;
+    if (isUsableIncrement(precision.priceTick) && differs(precision.priceTick, this.priceTickValue)) {
+      this.priceTickValue = precision.priceTick;
+      this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
+      changed = true;
+    }
+    if (isUsableIncrement(precision.qtyStep) && differs(precision.qtyStep, this.qtyStepValue)) {
+      this.qtyStepValue = precision.qtyStep;
+      this.config.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
+      changed = true;
+    }
+    if (precision.minBaseAmount != null && Number.isFinite(precision.minBaseAmount)) {
+      this.minBaseAmountValue = precision.minBaseAmount;
+    }
+    if (precision.minQuoteAmount != null && Number.isFinite(precision.minQuoteAmount)) {
+      this.minQuoteAmountValue = precision.minQuoteAmount;
+    }
+    return changed;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Every engine reports precision sync with the same wording, so they share one
+ * syncer built from `log.common.precision*`.
+ *
+ * @param seedQtyStep step used until the exchange reports one. Maker-family engines
+ *   pass a fixed default; config-driven engines pass `config.qtyStep`.
+ */
+export function createPrecisionSyncer(
+  exchange: ExchangeAdapter,
+  config: PrecisionConfigTarget,
+  seedQtyStep: number,
+  log: LogHandler
+): PrecisionSyncer {
+  return new PrecisionSyncer(
+    exchange,
+    config,
+    { priceTick: config.priceTick, qtyStep: seedQtyStep },
+    log,
+    {
+      synced: (precision) =>
+        t("log.common.precisionSynced", {
+          priceTick: precision.priceTick,
+          qtyStep: precision.qtyStep,
+        }),
+      failed: (error) => t("log.common.precisionFailed", { error: String(error) }),
+    }
+  );
+}
+
+function isUsableIncrement(value: number | undefined): value is number {
+  return value != null && Number.isFinite(value) && value > 0;
+}
+
+function differs(next: number, current: number): boolean {
+  return Math.abs(next - current) > INCREMENT_EPSILON;
+}

src/strategy/common/token-expiry-guard.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import { extractMessage, isUnknownOrderError } from "../../utils/errors";
+import {
+  checkStandxTokenExpiry,
+  formatTokenExpiryMessage,
+  isTokenExpiryConfigured,
+  type TokenExpiryState,
+  type TokenExpiryStatus,
+} from "../../utils/standx-token-expiry";
+import { t } from "../../i18n";
+import type { LogHandler } from "./subscriptions";
+
+/** What the engine should do for the rest of this tick. */
+export type TokenExpiryDecision =
+  /** Token is live, or expired but a position still needs managing — keep ticking. */
+  | { halt: false; closeOnly: boolean }
+  /** Expired with nothing left to manage — skip the rest of the tick. */
+  | { halt: true; closeOnly: boolean };
+
+export interface TokenExpiryGuardDeps {
+  log: LogHandler;
+  notify: (notification: {
+    hasPosition: boolean;
+    hasOpenOrders: boolean;
+    state: TokenExpiryState;
+  }) => void;
+  /** Cancels every resting order; resolves once the venue has accepted. */
+  cancelAllOrders: () => Promise<void>;
+  /** Called after a successful cancel so the engine can drop its local copy. */
+  onOrdersCancelled: () => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Drives the StandX token-expiry episode.
+ *
+ * The venue's token expires on a wall clock, and each consequence — the warning
+ * log, the alert, the cancel-everything sweep — must happen exactly once per
+ * episode and reset when a fresh token arrives. That is five latches whose only
+ * correctness property is that they move together, so they live in one class
+ * rather than loose beside forty other engine fields.
+ */
+export class TokenExpiryGuard {
+  private state: TokenExpiryState = "active";
+  private logged = false;
+  private notified = false;
+  private cancelDone = false;
+  private closeOnly = false;
+
+  constructor(private readonly deps: TokenExpiryGuardDeps) {}
+
+  /** True once expiry has forced the engine into reduce-only quoting. */
+  get closeOnlyMode(): boolean {
+    return this.closeOnly;
+  }
+
+  get currentState(): TokenExpiryState {
+    return this.state;
+  }
+
+  async evaluate(params: { positionAmt: number; openOrderCount: number }): Promise<TokenExpiryDecision> {
+    if (!isTokenExpiryConfigured()) {
+      return { halt: false, closeOnly: false };
+    }
+
+    const status = checkStandxTokenExpiry(params);
+    if (!status.expired) {
+      this.reset();
+      return { halt: false, closeOnly: false };
+    }
+
+    const previousState = this.state;
+    this.state = status.state;
+
+    this.logOnce(status);
+    this.notifyOnce(status);
+    await this.cancelOnce(params.openOrderCount);
+
+    if (status.state === "expired_with_position") {
+      if (!this.closeOnly) {
+        this.closeOnly = true;
+        this.deps.log("info", t("log.token.closeOnlyForced"));
+      }
+      return { halt: false, closeOnly: true };
+    }
+
+    if (status.state === "silent" && previousState !== "silent") {
+      this.deps.log("info", t("log.token.silentEntered"));
+    }
+    return { halt: true, closeOnly: this.closeOnly };
+  }
+
+  /** A fresh token clears every latch so the next episode reports itself again. */
+  private reset(): void {
+    if (this.state === "active") return;
+    this.state = "active";
+    this.logged = false;
+    this.notified = false;
+    this.cancelDone = false;
+    this.closeOnly = false;
+  }
+
+  private logOnce(status: TokenExpiryStatus): void {
+    if (this.logged) return;
+    const message = formatTokenExpiryMessage(status);
+    if (message) {
+      this.deps.log("warn", message);
+    }
+    this.logged = true;
+  }
+
+  private notifyOnce(status: TokenExpiryStatus): void {
+    if (this.notified) return;
+    this.deps.notify({
+      hasPosition: status.hasPosition,
+      hasOpenOrders: status.hasOpenOrders,
+      state: status.state,
+    });
+    this.notified = true;
+  }
+
+  private async cancelOnce(openOrderCount: number): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.cancelDone || openOrderCount === 0) return;
+    try {
+      await this.deps.cancelAllOrders();
+      this.deps.log("order", t("log.token.ordersCancelled"));
+      this.deps.onOrdersCancelled();
+      this.cancelDone = true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
+        // Nothing left to cancel is the outcome we wanted.
+        this.deps.log("order", t("log.token.cancelOrderMissing"));
+        this.cancelDone = true;
+        return;
+      }
+      // Leave cancelDone false so the next tick retries.
+      this.deps.log("error", t("log.token.cancelFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
+    }
+  }
+}

src/strategy/grid-engine.ts

@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@ import {
   placeOrder,
   placeStopLossOrder,
   unlockOperating,
+  type OrderContext,
   type OrderLockMap,
   type OrderPendingMap,
   type OrderTimerMap,
 } from "../core/order-coordinator";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
+import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
 import { clearGridState, loadGridState, saveGridState } from "./common/grid-storage";
 import {
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
   private savePending = false;
   private uncoveredQty = 0;
   private desiredOrders: DesiredGridOrder[] = [];
-  private precisionSync: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly precision: PrecisionSyncer;
 
   constructor(
     private readonly config: GridConfig,
@@ -184,14 +187,28 @@ export class GridEngine {
     this.configValid = this.validateConfig();
     this.running = this.configValid;
     if (!this.configValid) {
-      this.stopReason = "配置无效，已暂停网格";
+      this.stopReason = t("log.gridEngine.configInvalid");
       this.log("error", this.stopReason);
     }
-    this.syncPrecision();
+    this.precision = createPrecisionSyncer(this.exchange, this.config, this.config.qtyStep, this.log);
+    this.precision.start();
     this.bootstrap();
     this.setupConnectionProtection();
   }
 
+  /** Bundles the fixed order-routing state; rebuilt lazily on first use. */
+  private get orderContext(): OrderContext {
+    return (this.orderContextCache ??= {
+      adapter: this.exchange,
+      symbol: this.config.symbol,
+      locks: this.locks,
+      timers: this.timers,
+      pendings: this.pendings,
+      log: (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+    });
+  }
+  private orderContextCache: OrderContext | null = null;
+
   start(): void {
     if (this.timer || !this.running) {
       if (!this.timer && !this.running) {
@@ -209,6 +226,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
       clearInterval(this.timer);
       this.timer = null;
     }
+    this.precision.stop();
   }
 
   on(event: GridEvent, listener: GridListener): void {
@@ -277,37 +295,6 @@ export class GridEngine {
   // Precision sync
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-  private syncPrecision(): void {
-    if (this.precisionSync) return;
-    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
-    if (!getPrecision) return;
-    this.precisionSync = getPrecision()
-      .then((precision) => {
-        if (!precision) return;
-        let updated = false;
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.priceTick) && precision.priceTick > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.priceTick - this.config.priceTick) > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.qtyStep) && precision.qtyStep > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.qtyStep - this.config.qtyStep) > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (updated) {
-          this.log("info", `已同步交易精度: priceTick=${precision.priceTick} qtyStep=${precision.qtyStep}`);
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((error) => {
-        this.log("error", `同步精度失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
-        this.precisionSync = null;
-        setTimeout(() => this.syncPrecision(), 2000);
-      });
-  }
-
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Feed subscriptions / connection events
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -320,15 +307,15 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.accountVersion += 1;
         if (!this.feedArrived.account) {
           this.feedArrived.account = true;
-          this.log("info", "账户快照已同步");
+          this.log("info", t("log.account.snapshotSynced"));
         }
         this.feedStatus.account = true;
         this.emitUpdate();
       },
       this.log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅账户失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `账户推送处理异常: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.accountFail", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.accountError", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -343,7 +330,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.ordersFeedLastAt = this.now();
         if (!this.feedArrived.orders) {
           this.feedArrived.orders = true;
-          this.log("info", "订单快照已同步");
+          this.log("info", t("log.order.snapshotReturned"));
         }
         this.feedStatus.orders = true;
         void this.attemptInit();
@@ -351,8 +338,8 @@ export class GridEngine {
       },
       this.log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅订单失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `订单推送处理异常: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.orderFail", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.orderError", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -362,14 +349,14 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.depthSnapshot = depth;
         if (!this.feedArrived.depth) {
           this.feedArrived.depth = true;
-          this.log("info", "盘口深度已同步");
+          this.log("info", t("log.depth.ready"));
         }
         this.feedStatus.depth = true;
       },
       this.log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅深度失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `深度推送处理异常: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.depthFail", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.depthError", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -380,7 +367,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.tickerLastAt = this.now();
         if (!this.feedArrived.ticker) {
           this.feedArrived.ticker = true;
-          this.log("info", "行情推送已同步");
+          this.log("info", t("log.ticker.ready"));
         }
         this.feedStatus.ticker = true;
         void this.attemptInit();
@@ -388,8 +375,8 @@ export class GridEngine {
       },
       this.log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅行情失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `行情推送处理异常: ${extractMessage(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.tickerFail", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.tickerError", { error: extractMessage(error) }),
       }
     );
   }
@@ -399,11 +386,11 @@ export class GridEngine {
     this.exchange.onConnectionEvent((event, symbol) => {
       if (event === "disconnected") {
         this.frozen = true;
-        this.log("warn", `WebSocket 断连 (${symbol})，冻结网格下单`);
+        this.log("warn", t("log.gridEngine.wsDisconnected", { symbol }));
       } else if (event === "reconnected") {
         this.frozen = false;
         this.restReconcilePending = true;
-        this.log("info", `WebSocket 重连成功 (${symbol})，下一轮执行对账`);
+        this.log("info", t("log.gridEngine.wsReconnected", { symbol }));
       }
       this.emitUpdate();
     });
@@ -496,7 +483,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
         try {
           stored = await loadGridState(this.config.symbol);
         } catch (err) {
-          this.log("error", `加载网格状态失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+          this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.loadStateFailed", { error: extractMessage(err) }));
         }
       }
       const meta = this.stateMeta();
@@ -504,20 +491,27 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.state = fromStored(stored, this.logicSettings(), price);
         this.log(
           "info",
-          `已从磁盘恢复网格状态: gridVersion=${this.state.gridVersion} anchor=${this.state.anchorPrice} ` +
-            `区间=[${this.state.lowerPrice}, ${this.state.upperPrice}]${this.state.shift ? ` 移格续跑(${this.state.shift.phase})` : ""}`
+          t("log.gridEngine.stateRestored", {
+            gridVersion: this.state.gridVersion,
+            anchor: this.state.anchorPrice,
+            lower: this.state.lowerPrice,
+            upper: this.state.upperPrice,
+            shift: this.state.shift
+              ? t("log.gridEngine.stateRestoredShift", { phase: this.state.shift.phase })
+              : "",
+          })
         );
       } else {
         if (stored) {
-          this.log("warn", "磁盘网格状态与当前配置指纹不一致，全新建格并执行孤儿扫描");
+          this.log("warn", t("log.gridEngine.fingerprintMismatch"));
         }
         this.state = createInitialState(this.logicSettings(), price);
-        this.log("info", `以锚定价 ${this.state.anchorPrice} 建立网格 (${this.tradeMode})`);
+        this.log("info", t("log.gridEngine.gridCreated", { anchor: this.state.anchorPrice, mode: this.tradeMode }));
       }
       await this.applyReconcile(this.openOrders, "startup");
       this.initDone = true;
     } catch (err) {
-      this.log("error", `网格初始化失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+      this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.initFailed", { error: extractMessage(err) }));
       this.initStarted = false;
     }
     this.emitUpdate();
@@ -537,7 +531,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
       now: this.now(),
     });
     for (const event of result.events) {
-      this.log("info", `[对账:${source}] ${event}`);
+      this.log("info", t("log.gridEngine.reconcileEvent", { source, event }));
     }
     if (result.cancelOrderIds.length > 0) {
       try {
@@ -545,10 +539,10 @@ export class GridEngine {
           symbol: this.config.symbol,
           orderIdList: result.cancelOrderIds,
         });
-        this.log("order", `[对账:${source}] 撤销 ${result.cancelOrderIds.length} 个无法归属的挂单`);
+        this.log("order", t("log.gridEngine.reconcileCancelled", { source, count: result.cancelOrderIds.length }));
       } catch (err) {
         if (!isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-          this.log("error", `[对账:${source}] 撤单失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+          this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.reconcileCancelFailed", { source, error: extractMessage(err) }));
         }
       }
     }
@@ -564,7 +558,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
         const fetched = await this.exchange.queryOpenOrders();
         orders = fetched.filter((order) => order.symbol === this.config.symbol);
       } catch (err) {
-        this.log("error", `[对账:${source}] REST 查询挂单失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+        this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.reconcileOrdersFailed", { source, error: extractMessage(err) }));
       }
     }
     if (this.exchange.queryAccountSnapshot) {
@@ -575,7 +569,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
           this.accountVersion += 1;
         }
       } catch (err) {
-        this.log("error", `[对账:${source}] REST 查询账户失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+        this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.reconcileAccountFailed", { source, error: extractMessage(err) }));
       }
     }
     if (orders) {
@@ -659,7 +653,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.schedulePersist();
       }
     } catch (error) {
-      this.log("error", `网格轮询异常: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.tickFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
     } finally {
       this.processing = false;
       this.emitUpdate();
@@ -675,7 +669,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
       }
       if (action.kind === "BEGIN_SHIFT") {
         // 移格标记已由 planTick 写入 state，落盘后由下个 tick 开始执行
-        this.log("warn", `启动智能移格，目标锚定价 ${action.targetAnchor}`);
+        this.log("warn", t("log.gridEngine.shiftStarting", { anchor: action.targetAnchor }));
         await this.persistNow();
         return;
       }
@@ -706,7 +700,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
     ) {
       if (now - this.lastStalenessLogAt > 30_000) {
         this.lastStalenessLogAt = now;
-        this.log("warn", "订单流疑似停滞（下单后长时间未反映），暂停新下单");
+        this.log("warn", t("log.gridEngine.orderFeedStalled"));
       }
       return false;
     }
@@ -744,28 +738,18 @@ export class GridEngine {
     const ordersVersionBeforePlace = this.ordersVersion;
     try {
       this.lastLimitAttemptAt = now;
-      placed = await placeOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pendings,
-        action.side,
-        action.price,
-        action.qty,
-        this.log,
-        isEntry ? false : this.config.useReduceOnlyForExit,
-        undefined,
-        {
-          priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
-          qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep,
-          skipDedupe: true,
-          clientOrderId,
-        }
-      );
+      placed = await placeOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: action.side,
+        price: action.price,
+        amount: action.qty,
+        reduceOnly: isEntry ? false : this.config.useReduceOnlyForExit,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep,
+        skipDedupe: true,
+        clientOrderId,
+      });
     } catch (error) {
-      this.log("error", `挂单失败 (${action.side} @ ${action.price}): ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.placeFailed", { side: action.side, price: action.price, error: extractMessage(error) }));
     }
     state.inflight = null;
 
@@ -823,33 +807,33 @@ export class GridEngine {
       if (pctDiff > limitPct) {
         this.log(
           "warn",
-          `市价平仓滑点守卫触发 (${reason}): close=${closeSidePrice} mark=${mark} 偏离 ${(pctDiff * 100).toFixed(2)}% > ${(limitPct * 100).toFixed(2)}%，暂缓`
+          t("log.gridEngine.closeSlippageBlocked", {
+            reason,
+            close: closeSidePrice,
+            mark,
+            pct: (pctDiff * 100).toFixed(2),
+            limit: (limitPct * 100).toFixed(2),
+          })
         );
         return false;
       }
     }
     try {
-      await marketClose(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pendings,
-        side,
-        qty,
-        this.log,
-        {
+      await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        quantity: qty,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: mark,
           expectedPrice: Number.isFinite(closeSidePrice) ? closeSidePrice : null,
           maxPct: limitPct > 0 ? limitPct : undefined,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
-      this.log("close", `市价平仓 ${side} ${qty} (${reason})`);
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
+      this.log("close", t("log.gridEngine.closed", { side, qty, reason }));
       return true;
     } catch (error) {
-      this.log("error", `市价平仓失败 (${reason}): ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.closeFailed", { reason, error: extractMessage(error) }));
       return false;
     } finally {
       unlockOperating(this.locks, this.timers, this.pendings, "MARKET");
@@ -873,9 +857,9 @@ export class GridEngine {
       try {
         await this.exchange.cancelAllOrders({ symbol: this.config.symbol });
         state.exchangeStop = null;
-        this.log("order", "移格: 已请求撤销全部挂单");
+        this.log("order", t("log.gridEngine.shiftCancelRequested"));
       } catch (err) {
-        this.log("error", `移格撤单失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+        this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.shiftCancelFailed", { error: extractMessage(err) }));
       }
     } else if (step.kind === "CLOSE_POSITION") {
       // 平仓单已提交但仓位回报未到时不重复提交
@@ -883,19 +867,24 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.shiftCloseAccountVersion === this.accountVersion &&
         this.now() - this.shiftCloseAt < 10_000;
       if (!awaitingFill) {
-        const done = await this.guardedMarketClose(step.side, step.qty, "移格平仓");
+        const done = await this.guardedMarketClose(step.side, step.qty, t("log.gridEngine.shiftCloseReason"));
         if (done) {
           this.shiftCloseAccountVersion = this.accountVersion;
           this.shiftCloseAt = this.now();
         } else {
-          this.log("info", "移格: 平仓被滑点守卫暂缓，下轮重试");
+          this.log("info", t("log.gridEngine.shiftCloseDeferred"));
         }
       }
     } else if (step.kind === "REBUILD") {
       applyRebuild(state, this.logicSettings(), step.anchor);
       this.log(
         "info",
-        `移格完成: 新锚定价 ${step.anchor}，区间 [${state.lowerPrice.toFixed(4)}, ${state.upperPrice.toFixed(4)}]，gridVersion=${state.gridVersion}`
+        t("log.gridEngine.shiftDone", {
+          anchor: step.anchor,
+          lower: state.lowerPrice.toFixed(4),
+          upper: state.upperPrice.toFixed(4),
+          gridVersion: state.gridVersion,
+        })
       );
     }
     this.lastUpdated = this.now();
@@ -935,10 +924,10 @@ export class GridEngine {
         if (live) {
           try {
             await this.exchange.cancelOrder({ symbol: this.config.symbol, orderId: existing.orderId });
-            this.log("order", "已撤销交易所兜底止损单（仓位归零）");
+            this.log("order", t("log.gridEngine.stopCancelledFlat"));
           } catch (err) {
             if (!isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-              this.log("error", `撤销兜底止损单失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+              this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.stopCancelFailed", { error: extractMessage(err) }));
             }
           }
         }
@@ -962,7 +951,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
         await this.exchange.cancelOrder({ symbol: this.config.symbol, orderId: existing.orderId });
       } catch (err) {
         if (!isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
-          this.log("error", `撤销旧兜底止损单失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+          this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.stopCancelStaleFailed", { error: extractMessage(err) }));
           return;
         }
       }
@@ -971,21 +960,16 @@ export class GridEngine {
 
     const lastPrice = Number(this.tickerSnapshot?.lastPrice);
     try {
-      const placed = await placeStopLossOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pendings,
-        desired.side,
-        desired.stopPrice,
-        Math.abs(this.position.positionAmt),
-        Number.isFinite(lastPrice) ? lastPrice : price,
-        this.log,
-        undefined,
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+      const placed = await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: desired.side,
+        stopPrice: desired.stopPrice,
+        quantity: Math.abs(this.position.positionAmt),
+        lastPrice: Number.isFinite(lastPrice) ? lastPrice : price,
+        guard: undefined,
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       if (placed?.orderId != null) {
         state.exchangeStop = {
           orderId: String(placed.orderId),
@@ -996,7 +980,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
         this.schedulePersist();
       }
     } catch (err) {
-      this.log("error", `挂兜底止损单失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+      this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.stopPlaceFailed", { error: extractMessage(err) }));
     }
   }
 
@@ -1007,12 +991,12 @@ export class GridEngine {
   private async haltGrid(reason: string): Promise<void> {
     const state = this.state;
     this.stopReason = reason;
-    this.log("warn", `${reason}，开始执行撤单与平仓`);
+    this.log("warn", t("log.gridEngine.haltStarting", { reason }));
     try {
       await this.exchange.cancelAllOrders({ symbol: this.config.symbol });
-      this.log("order", "已撤销全部网格挂单");
+      this.log("order", t("log.gridEngine.allCancelled"));
     } catch (error) {
-      this.log("error", `撤销网格挂单失败: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
+      this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.cancelAllFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
     }
     if (state) state.exchangeStop = null;
     const qty = this.position.positionAmt;
@@ -1020,7 +1004,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
       const closed = await this.guardedMarketClose(qty > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY", Math.abs(qty), reason);
       if (!closed) {
         // 滑点守卫暂缓：保持 running，下个 tick 重新触发层①重试
-        this.log("warn", "止损平仓被滑点守卫暂缓，下轮重试");
+        this.log("warn", t("log.gridEngine.stopCloseDeferred"));
         return;
       }
     }
@@ -1073,7 +1057,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
     this.running = true;
     this.stopReason = null;
     this.initDone = true;
-    this.log("info", `价格重新回到网格区间，恢复网格运行 (gridVersion=${nextVersion})`);
+    this.log("info", t("log.gridEngine.resumed", { gridVersion: nextVersion }));
     await this.persistNow();
     this.start();
   }
@@ -1099,7 +1083,7 @@ export class GridEngine {
     try {
       await saveGridState(toStored(state, this.stateMeta(), this.now()));
     } catch (err) {
-      this.log("error", `保存网格状态失败: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
+      this.log("error", t("log.gridEngine.saveStateFailed", { error: extractMessage(err) }));
     }
   }
 

src/strategy/grid-logic.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import {
   ORPHAN_LEVEL,
   applyRebuild,
@@ -552,8 +553,12 @@ describe("resolveAwaiting", () => {
 describe("checkPriceStop", () => {
   it("triggers below lower and above upper thresholds", () => {
     const state = createInitialState(settings, 141.4);
-    expect(checkPriceStop(state, settings, 98.9)).toContain("跌破");
-    expect(checkPriceStop(state, settings, 202.1)).toContain("突破");
+    expect(checkPriceStop(state, settings, 98.9)).toBe(
+      t("log.grid.belowLowerBound", { pct: "1.10" })
+    );
+    expect(checkPriceStop(state, settings, 202.1)).toBe(
+      t("log.grid.aboveUpperBound", { pct: "1.05" })
+    );
     expect(checkPriceStop(state, settings, 150)).toBeNull();
     expect(checkPriceStop(state, settings, 99.5)).toBeNull(); // 1% 容忍内
   });

src/strategy/grid-logic.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 // 网格纯逻辑：无 I/O、无 Date.now、无 adapter 引用。所有时间通过参数传入。
 // 引擎每 tick 调 planTick(state, settings, input) 得到 actions，由引擎负责执行。
 
@@ -417,11 +418,11 @@ function applyFilled(
       level.phase = "holding";
       level.holdQty = qty;
       delete level.entryOrderId;
-      events.push(`ENTRY 成交: ${intent.side} @ ${intent.price} (线 ${intent.level})`);
+      events.push(t("log.grid.entryFilled", { side: intent.side, price: intent.price, level: intent.level }));
     }
   } else {
     if (intent.level === ORPHAN_LEVEL) {
-      events.push(`孤儿 EXIT 成交: ${intent.side} @ ${intent.price}`);
+      events.push(t("log.grid.orphanExitFilled", { side: intent.side, price: intent.price }));
       return;
     }
     const level = state.levels[intent.level];
@@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ function applyFilled(
       level.phase = "idle";
       level.holdQty = 0;
       delete level.exitOrderId;
-      events.push(`EXIT 成交: ${intent.side} @ ${intent.price} (释放线 ${intent.level})`);
+      events.push(t("log.grid.exitFilled", { side: intent.side, price: intent.price, level: intent.level }));
     }
   }
 }
@@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ function applyCanceled(state: GridLogicState, intent: OrderIntentRecord, events:
       level.phase = "idle";
       delete level.entryOrderId;
     }
-    events.push(`ENTRY 撤销: ${intent.side} @ ${intent.price} (线 ${intent.level})`);
+    events.push(t("log.grid.entryCancelled", { side: intent.side, price: intent.price, level: intent.level }));
   } else {
     if (intent.level === ORPHAN_LEVEL) return;
     const level = state.levels[intent.level];
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ function applyCanceled(state: GridLogicState, intent: OrderIntentRecord, events:
       level.phase = "holding";
       delete level.exitOrderId;
     }
-    events.push(`EXIT 撤销: ${intent.side} @ ${intent.price} (线 ${intent.level})`);
+    events.push(t("log.grid.exitCancelled", { side: intent.side, price: intent.price, level: intent.level }));
   }
 }
 
@@ -502,7 +503,9 @@ export function processOrderSnapshot(
       applyCanceled(state, intent, events);
     } else {
       setAwaiting(state, intent, input);
-      events.push(`订单消失待判定: ${intent.intent} ${intent.side} @ ${intent.price}`);
+      events.push(
+      t("log.grid.orderVanished", { intent: intent.intent, side: intent.side, price: intent.price })
+    );
     }
     state.intents.delete(id);
     state.seenOrderIds.delete(id);
@@ -669,10 +672,10 @@ export function checkPriceStop(
   const lowerTrigger = state.lowerPrice * (1 - settings.stopLossPct);
   const upperTrigger = state.upperPrice * (1 + settings.stopLossPct);
   if (price <= lowerTrigger) {
-    return `价格跌破网格下边界 ${((1 - price / state.lowerPrice) * 100).toFixed(2)}%`;
+    return t("log.grid.belowLowerBound", { pct: ((1 - price / state.lowerPrice) * 100).toFixed(2) });
   }
   if (price >= upperTrigger) {
-    return `价格突破网格上边界 ${((price / state.upperPrice - 1) * 100).toFixed(2)}%`;
+    return t("log.grid.aboveUpperBound", { pct: ((price / state.upperPrice - 1) * 100).toFixed(2) });
   }
   return null;
 }
@@ -731,17 +734,20 @@ export function auditExitCoverage(
   state.uncoveredSince = input.now;
   if (outOfRange || deepLoss) {
     events.push(
-      `覆盖审计: 未覆盖 ${uncovered.toFixed(6)} 且${outOfRange ? "价格已出区间" : "浮亏超限"}，市价平仓`
+      t("log.grid.coverageAuditClose", {
+        qty: uncovered.toFixed(6),
+        cause: outOfRange ? t("log.grid.causeOutOfRange") : t("log.grid.causeLossExceeded"),
+      })
     );
     return {
       uncoveredQty: uncovered,
-      action: { kind: "MARKET_CLOSE", side: exitSide, qty: uncovered, reason: "覆盖审计止损" },
+      action: { kind: "MARKET_CLOSE", side: exitSide, qty: uncovered, reason: t("log.grid.coverageAuditReason") },
       events,
     };
   }
   // 最近可盈利线补挂孤儿 EXIT
   const targetPrice = findNearestProfitableExitPrice(state, pos > 0 ? "long" : "short", entry, input.price);
-  events.push(`覆盖审计: 未覆盖 ${uncovered.toFixed(6)}，补挂平仓单 @ ${targetPrice}`);
+  events.push(t("log.grid.coverageAuditRepost", { qty: uncovered.toFixed(6), price: targetPrice }));
   return {
     uncoveredQty: uncovered,
     action: {
@@ -918,7 +924,7 @@ export function planTick(
     if (settings.shiftEnabled && !state.shift) {
       beginShift(state, input.price, input.now);
       actions.push({ kind: "BEGIN_SHIFT", targetAnchor: input.price });
-      events.push(`价格越界，启动移格: ${stopReason}`);
+      events.push(t("log.grid.shiftOutOfRange", { reason: stopReason }));
       return { actions, events, stateChanged: true, uncoveredQty: 0 };
     }
     actions.push({ kind: "HALT", reason: stopReason });
@@ -929,7 +935,7 @@ export function planTick(
   if (shouldShift(state, settings, input.price, input.now)) {
     beginShift(state, input.price, input.now);
     actions.push({ kind: "BEGIN_SHIFT", targetAnchor: input.price });
-    events.push(`价格偏离锚定价超阈值，启动移格 (anchor=${state.anchorPrice} → ${input.price})`);
+    events.push(t("log.grid.shiftAnchorDrift", { anchor: state.anchorPrice, price: input.price }));
     return { actions, events, stateChanged: true, uncoveredQty: 0 };
   }
 
@@ -1034,11 +1040,11 @@ export function reconcile(
         gridVersion: state.gridVersion,
         createdAt: input.now,
       });
-      events.push(`收编平仓方向挂单为孤儿 EXIT: ${order.side} @ ${order.price}`);
+      events.push(t("log.grid.adoptOrphanExit", { side: order.side, price: order.price }));
       return;
     }
     cancelOrderIds.push(order.orderId);
-    events.push(`撤销无法归属的挂单: ${order.side} @ ${order.price}`);
+    events.push(t("log.grid.cancelUnattributable", { side: order.side, price: order.price }));
   };
 
   for (const order of input.activeOrders) {
@@ -1079,7 +1085,7 @@ export function reconcile(
         rec.intent === "ENTRY" ? adoptEntry(order, rec.level, intent) : adoptExit(order, rec.level, intent);
       state.inflight = null;
       if (ok) {
-        events.push(`inflight 归属确认: ${rec.intent} ${rec.side} @ ${rec.price}`);
+        events.push(t("log.grid.inflightMatched", { intent: rec.intent, side: rec.side, price: rec.price }));
         continue;
       }
       fallbackAdopt(order, remaining);
@@ -1090,7 +1096,7 @@ export function reconcile(
     if (parsed) {
       if (parsed.gridVersion != null && parsed.gridVersion !== state.gridVersion) {
         cancelOrderIds.push(order.orderId);
-        events.push(`撤销过期网格版本挂单: ${order.clientOrderId}`);
+        events.push(t("log.grid.cancelStaleVersion", { clientOrderId: order.clientOrderId }));
         continue;
       }
       const intent: OrderIntentRecord = {
@@ -1231,7 +1237,7 @@ export function reconcile(
     diff = 0;
   }
   if (Math.abs(diff) > eps) {
-    events.push(`对账残余孤儿仓位: ${diff.toFixed(6)}`);
+    events.push(t("log.grid.orphanResidual", { qty: diff.toFixed(6) }));
     // 立即进入层②处置（跳过宽限期）
     state.uncoveredSince = input.now - 86_400_000;
   }

src/strategy/guardian-engine.ts

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import {
   type PositionSnapshot,
 } from "../utils/strategy";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
+import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
 import {
   placeStopLossOrder,
   placeTrailingStopOrder,
   unlockOperating,
 } from "../core/order-coordinator";
-import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
+import type { OrderContext, OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
 import { createTradeLog, type TradeLogEntry } from "../logging/trade-log";
 import { extractMessage, isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { formatPriceToString } from "../utils/math";
@@ -64,14 +65,30 @@ export class GuardianEngine {
     price: null,
     at: 0,
   };
-  private precisionSync: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly precision: PrecisionSyncer;
 
   constructor(private readonly config: TradingConfig, private readonly exchange: ExchangeAdapter) {
     this.tradeLog = createTradeLog(this.config.maxLogEntries);
-    this.syncPrecision();
+    this.precision = createPrecisionSyncer(this.exchange, this.config, this.config.qtyStep, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
+    this.precision.start();
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
+  /** Bundles the fixed order-routing state; rebuilt lazily on first use. */
+  private get orderContext(): OrderContext {
+    return (this.orderContextCache ??= {
+      adapter: this.exchange,
+      symbol: this.config.symbol,
+      locks: this.locks,
+      timers: this.timers,
+      pendings: this.pending,
+      log: (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+    });
+  }
+  private orderContextCache: OrderContext | null = null;
+
   start(): void {
     if (this.timer) return;
     this.timer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -84,6 +101,7 @@ export class GuardianEngine {
       clearInterval(this.timer);
       this.timer = null;
     }
+    this.precision.stop();
   }
 
   on(event: GuardianEngineEvent, handler: GuardianEngineListener): void {
@@ -385,24 +403,19 @@ export class GuardianEngine {
       if (quantity <= minQty) {
         return;
       }
-      await placeStopLossOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        stopPrice,
-        quantity,
-        lastPrice,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        stopPrice: stopPrice,
+        quantity: quantity,
+        lastPrice: lastPrice,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       this.lastStopAttempt.side = side;
       this.lastStopAttempt.price = stopPrice;
       this.lastStopAttempt.at = now;
@@ -444,24 +457,19 @@ export class GuardianEngine {
       if (quantity <= minQty) {
         return;
       }
-      const order = await placeStopLossOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        nextStopPrice,
-        quantity,
-        lastPrice,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      const order = await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        stopPrice: nextStopPrice,
+        quantity: quantity,
+        lastPrice: lastPrice,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       if (order) {
         this.tradeLog.push(
           "stop",
@@ -479,24 +487,19 @@ export class GuardianEngine {
         if (quantity <= minQty) {
           return;
         }
-        const restored = await placeStopLossOrder(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          side,
-          Number.isFinite(existingStopPrice) ? existingStopPrice : nextStopPrice,
-          quantity,
-          lastPrice,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          {
+        const restored = await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: side,
+          stopPrice: Number.isFinite(existingStopPrice) ? existingStopPrice : nextStopPrice,
+          quantity: quantity,
+          lastPrice: lastPrice,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: position.markPrice,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-        );
+          priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+          qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+        });
         if (restored && Number.isFinite(existingStopPrice)) {
           this.tradeLog.push(
             "order",
@@ -520,24 +523,19 @@ export class GuardianEngine {
       return;
     }
     try {
-      await placeTrailingStopOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        activationPrice,
-        quantity,
-        this.config.trailingCallbackRate,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await placeTrailingStopOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        activationPrice: activationPrice,
+        quantity: quantity,
+        callbackRate: this.config.trailingCallbackRate,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol).markPrice,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
     } catch (err) {
       this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.guardian.trailingFail", { error: String(err) }));
     }
@@ -651,42 +649,4 @@ export class GuardianEngine {
     return Math.max(0, Math.min(12, Math.floor(digits)));
   }
 
-  private syncPrecision(): void {
-    if (this.precisionSync) return;
-    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
-    if (!getPrecision) return;
-    this.precisionSync = getPrecision()
-      .then((precision) => {
-        if (!precision) return;
-        let updated = false;
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.priceTick) && precision.priceTick > 0) {
-          const delta = Math.abs(precision.priceTick - this.config.priceTick);
-          if (delta > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.qtyStep) && precision.qtyStep > 0) {
-          const delta = Math.abs(precision.qtyStep - this.config.qtyStep);
-          if (delta > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (updated) {
-          this.tradeLog.push(
-            "info",
-            t("log.guardian.precisionSynced", {
-              priceTick: precision.priceTick,
-              qtyStep: precision.qtyStep,
-            })
-          );
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.guardian.precisionFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
-        this.precisionSync = null;
-        setTimeout(() => this.syncPrecision(), 2000);
-      });
-  }
 }

src/strategy/liquidity-maker-engine.ts

@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ import {
   placeOrder,
   unlockOperating,
 } from "../core/order-coordinator";
-import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
+import type { OrderContext, OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
 import type { MakerEngineSnapshot } from "./maker-engine";
 import { makeOrderPlan } from "../core/lib/order-plan";
 import { safeCancelOrder } from "../core/lib/orders";
 import { RateLimitController } from "../core/lib/rate-limit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
 import { SessionVolumeTracker } from "./common/session-volume";
+import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 
 interface DesiredOrder {
   side: "BUY" | "SELL";
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@ type MakerEvent = "update";
 type MakerListener = (snapshot: LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot) => void;
 
 const EPS = 1e-5;
+/** Quantity step assumed until the exchange reports its own. */
+const DEFAULT_QTY_STEP = 0.001;
 
 export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
   private accountSnapshot: AccountSnapshot | null = null;
@@ -80,11 +84,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
   private readonly tradeLog: ReturnType<typeof createTradeLog>;
   private readonly events = new StrategyEventEmitter<MakerEvent, LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot>();
   private readonly sessionVolume = new SessionVolumeTracker();
-  private priceTick: number = 0.1;
-  private qtyStep: number = 0.001;
-  private minBaseAmount: number | null = null;
-  private minQuoteAmount: number | null = null;
-  private precisionSync: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly precision: PrecisionSyncer;
   private marketType: "perp" | "spot" = "perp";
   private baseAsset: string | null = null;
   private quoteAsset: string | null = null;
@@ -140,17 +140,31 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     this.rateLimit = new RateLimitController(this.config.refreshIntervalMs, (type, detail) =>
       this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
     );
-    this.priceTick = Math.max(1e-9, this.config.priceTick);
-    this.qtyStep = Math.max(1e-9, this.qtyStep);
+    this.precision = createPrecisionSyncer(this.exchange, this.config, DEFAULT_QTY_STEP, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
     const parsedSymbols = parseSymbolParts(this.config.symbol);
     this.baseAsset = parsedSymbols.base ?? null;
     this.quoteAsset = parsedSymbols.quote ?? null;
-    this.syncPrecision();
+    this.precision.start();
     // Debounce window defaults to 3x refresh interval, min 1s
     this.repriceDwellMs = Math.max(1000, this.config.refreshIntervalMs * 3);
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
+  /** Bundles the fixed order-routing state; rebuilt lazily on first use. */
+  private get orderContext(): OrderContext {
+    return (this.orderContextCache ??= {
+      adapter: this.exchange,
+      symbol: this.config.symbol,
+      locks: this.locks,
+      timers: this.timers,
+      pendings: this.pending,
+      log: (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+    });
+  }
+  private orderContextCache: OrderContext | null = null;
+
   start(): void {
     if (this.timer) return;
     this.timer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -163,6 +177,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       clearInterval(this.timer);
       this.timer = null;
     }
+    this.precision.stop();
   }
 
   on(event: MakerEvent, handler: MakerListener): void {
@@ -219,8 +234,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅账户失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `账户推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.accountFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.accountError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -263,8 +278,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅订单失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `订单推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.orderFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.orderError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -277,8 +292,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅深度失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `深度推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.depthFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.depthError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -291,8 +306,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅Ticker失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `价格推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.tickerFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.tickerError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -311,8 +326,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅K线失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `K线推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.klineFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.klineError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
   }
@@ -350,7 +365,11 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
 
           this.tradeLog.push(
             "order",
-            `检测到成交: ${order.side} ${filledQty.toFixed(6)} @ ${avgPrice.toFixed(this.getPriceDecimals())}`
+            t("log.liquidityMaker.fillDetected", {
+              side: order.side,
+              qty: filledQty.toFixed(6),
+              price: avgPrice.toFixed(this.getPriceDecimals()),
+            })
           );
         }
       }
@@ -448,9 +467,9 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       const askPrice = safeAsk != null ? formatPriceToString(safeAsk, priceDecimals) : null;
       const rawAbsPosition = Math.abs(position.positionAmt);
       const minSell =
-        Number.isFinite(this.minBaseAmount) && this.minBaseAmount! > 0
-          ? this.minBaseAmount!
-          : Math.max(this.config.tradeAmount, this.qtyStep);
+        Number.isFinite(this.precision.minBaseAmount) && this.precision.minBaseAmount! > 0
+          ? this.precision.minBaseAmount!
+          : Math.max(this.config.tradeAmount, this.precision.qtyStep);
       let absPosition = rawAbsPosition;
       const tinySpotPosition =
         isSpotMarket &&
@@ -473,13 +492,13 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
           // 无法卖出，跳过卖单，允许买单累计
           this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
           if (!skipSellSide) {
-            this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，暂不挂卖单");
+            this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinSellHold"));
           }
         }
         if (!skipBuySide && canEnter) {
           if (!allowSpotBuy) {
             if (this.lastBuyPriceViable) {
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货买入仅在1m阳线，当前跳过买单");
+              this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.buyOnlyOnGreenCandle"));
               this.lastBuyPriceViable = false;
             }
           } else {
@@ -496,8 +515,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
               this.lastBuyPriceViable = false;
               const reason =
                 buyAmount < EPS && isSpotMarket
-                  ? "现货可用报价资产不足，跳过买单"
-                  : "跳过买单：价差不足以构造maker价格";
+                  ? t("log.spotMaker.quoteBalanceShort")
+                  : t("log.spotMaker.spreadTooTightBuy");
               this.tradeLog.push("info", reason);
             }
           }
@@ -510,7 +529,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
             // 持仓低于最小卖单量，跳过卖单，等待累积
             if (this.lastSellPriceViable) {
               this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，跳过卖单");
+              this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinSellSkip"));
             }
           } else {
             const desiredSellAmount =
@@ -528,8 +547,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
               this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
               const reason =
                 sellAmount < EPS && isSpotMarket
-                  ? "现货可用基础资产不足，跳过卖单"
-                  : "跳过卖单：价差不足以构造maker价格";
+                  ? t("log.spotMaker.baseBalanceShort")
+                  : t("log.spotMaker.spreadTooTightSell");
               this.tradeLog.push("info", reason);
             }
           }
@@ -540,7 +559,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
         if (!skipBuySide && canEnter) {
           if (isSpotMarket && !allowSpotBuy) {
             if (this.lastBuyPriceViable) {
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货买入仅在1m阳线，当前跳过买单");
+              this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.buyOnlyOnGreenCandle"));
               this.lastBuyPriceViable = false;
             }
           } else if (bidPrice != null) {
@@ -548,12 +567,12 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
           }
         }
         if (!skipSellSide && canEnter) {
-          if (isSpotMarket && minSell > 0 && this.minBaseAmount != null) {
+          if (isSpotMarket && minSell > 0 && this.precision.minBaseAmount != null) {
             const baseAvail = balancesForSpot?.baseAvailable ?? 0;
             const baseWallet = balancesForSpot?.baseWallet ?? baseAvail;
             if (Math.max(baseAvail, baseWallet) + EPS < minSell) {
               this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，跳过卖单");
+              this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinSellSkip"));
             }
           }
           if (askPrice != null) {
@@ -608,7 +627,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
         await this.enforceRateLimitStop();
         this.tradeLog.push("warn", `LiquidityMakerEngine 429: ${String(error)}`);
       } else {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `流动性做市循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.liquidityMaker.tickFailed", { error: String(error) }));
       }
       this.emitUpdate();
     } finally {
@@ -630,7 +649,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     topAsk: number,
     priceDecimals: number
   ): string | null {
-    const tickOffset = this.config.closeTickOffset * this.priceTick;
+    const tickOffset = this.config.closeTickOffset * this.precision.priceTick;
     const entryPrice = position.entryPrice || this.positionEntryPrice;
 
     let targetPrice: number;
@@ -664,14 +683,14 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       if (closeSide === "SELL") {
         // 多头平仓：卖价必须 >= 入场价
         if (targetPrice < entryPrice) {
-          targetPrice = entryPrice + this.priceTick;
-          this.tradeLog.push("info", `平仓价调整为入场价+1tick以确保不亏本: ${targetPrice.toFixed(priceDecimals)}`);
+          targetPrice = entryPrice + this.precision.priceTick;
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.liquidityMaker.exitRaisedToBreakeven", { price: targetPrice.toFixed(priceDecimals) }));
         }
       } else {
         // 空头平仓：买价必须 <= 入场价
         if (targetPrice > entryPrice) {
-          targetPrice = entryPrice - this.priceTick;
-          this.tradeLog.push("info", `平仓价调整为入场价-1tick以确保不亏本: ${targetPrice.toFixed(priceDecimals)}`);
+          targetPrice = entryPrice - this.precision.priceTick;
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.liquidityMaker.exitLoweredToBreakeven", { price: targetPrice.toFixed(priceDecimals) }));
         }
       }
     }
@@ -697,17 +716,11 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     const closeBidPrice = topBid != null ? formatPriceToString(topBid, priceDecimals) : null;
     const closeAskPrice = topAsk != null ? formatPriceToString(topAsk, priceDecimals) : null;
     try {
-      await marketClose(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        absPosition,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        quantity: absPosition,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           expectedPrice:
             side === "SELL"
@@ -715,13 +728,13 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
               : (closeBidPrice != null ? Number(closeBidPrice) : null),
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-      );
+        qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+      });
     } catch (error) {
       if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("order", "限频强制平仓时订单已不存在");
+        this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.rateLimitCloseMissing"));
       } else {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `限频强制平仓失败: ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.rateLimitCloseFailed", { error: String(error) }));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -739,18 +752,18 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       unlockOperating(this.locks, this.timers, this.pending, "LIMIT");
       this.openOrders = [];
       this.emitUpdate();
-      this.tradeLog.push("order", "启动时清理历史挂单");
+      this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.startupCleanup"));
       this.initialOrderResetDone = true;
       return true;
     } catch (error) {
       if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("order", "历史挂单已消失，跳过启动清理");
+        this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.startupCleanupGone"));
         this.initialOrderResetDone = true;
         this.openOrders = [];
         this.emitUpdate();
         return true;
       }
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `启动撤单失败: ${String(error)}`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.startupCancelFailed", { error: String(error) }));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -823,7 +836,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       const newPrice = Number(t.price);
       const oldPrice = Number(existing.price);
       if (!Number.isFinite(newPrice) || !Number.isFinite(oldPrice)) continue;
-      const ticksDiff = Math.abs(newPrice - oldPrice) / this.priceTick;
+      const ticksDiff = Math.abs(newPrice - oldPrice) / this.precision.priceTick;
       const recentPlaced = this.lastEntryOrderBySide[t.side]?.ts ?? 0;
       const withinDwell = Date.now() - recentPlaced < this.repriceDwellMs;
       if (ticksDiff < this.minRepriceTicks || withinDwell) {
@@ -849,17 +862,21 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
         () => {
           this.tradeLog.push(
             "order",
-            `撤销不匹配订单 ${order.side} @ ${order.price} reduceOnly=${order.reduceOnly}`
+            t("log.spotMaker.cancelMismatched", {
+              side: order.side,
+              price: order.price,
+              reduceOnly: order.reduceOnly,
+            })
           );
           // 保持与原逻辑一致：成功撤销不立即修改本地 openOrders，等待订单流重建
         },
         () => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "撤销时发现订单已被成交/取消，忽略");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.cancelAlreadySettled"));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
         },
         (error) => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `撤销订单失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.cancelFailed", { error: String(error) }));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           // 避免同一轮内重复操作同一张已出错的本地挂单，直接从本地缓存移除，等待下一次订单推送重建
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
@@ -872,40 +889,31 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       if (target.amount < EPS) continue;
       if (
         this.marketType === "spot" &&
-        this.minBaseAmount != null &&
+        this.precision.minBaseAmount != null &&
         target.side === "SELL" &&
-        target.amount + EPS < this.minBaseAmount
+        target.amount + EPS < this.precision.minBaseAmount
       ) {
         // Skip placing sells that would be bumped by venue minimums
         if (this.lastSellPriceViable) {
           this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
-          this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货卖单低于最小成交量，跳过挂单等待累积");
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.sellBelowMinNotional"));
         }
         continue;
       }
       try {
         const reduceOnlyFlag = this.marketType === "spot" ? false : target.reduceOnly;
-        await placeOrder(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          target.side,
-          target.price, // 已经是字符串价格
-          target.amount,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          reduceOnlyFlag,
-          {
+        await placeOrder(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: target.side,
+          price: target.price,
+          amount: target.amount,
+          reduceOnly: reduceOnlyFlag,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: this.getPositionSnapshot().markPrice,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          {
-            priceTick: this.priceTick,
-            qtyStep: this.qtyStep,
-          }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
         // Record last placed entry order timing and price
         if (!target.reduceOnly) {
           this.lastEntryOrderBySide[target.side] = { price: target.price, ts: Date.now() };
@@ -921,10 +929,10 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
           if (isRateLimitError(dustError)) {
             throw dustError;
           }
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `小额市价平仓失败: ${String(dustError)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.dustCloseFailed", { error: String(dustError) }));
         }
         if (dustClosed) continue;
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `挂单失败(${target.side} ${target.price}): ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.placeFailed", { side: target.side, price: target.price, error: String(error) }));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -937,10 +945,10 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
         this.lastSpotStopSkipped = false;
         return;
       }
-      const minStopQty = Number.isFinite(this.minBaseAmount) ? this.minBaseAmount! : null;
+      const minStopQty = Number.isFinite(this.precision.minBaseAmount) ? this.precision.minBaseAmount! : null;
       if (minStopQty != null && minStopQty > 0 && absPosition + EPS < minStopQty) {
         if (!this.lastSpotStopSkipped) {
-          this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小平仓数量，跳过止损检查");
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinCloseSkipStop"));
           this.lastSpotStopSkipped = true;
         }
         return;
@@ -949,34 +957,28 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
       const pnl = computePositionPnl(position, bidPrice, askPrice);
       const triggerStop = shouldStopLoss(position, bidPrice, askPrice, this.config.lossLimit);
       if (!triggerStop) return;
-      this.tradeLog.push("stop", `现货止损，当前仓位=${absPosition.toFixed(6)} PnL=${pnl.toFixed(4)} USDT`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("stop", t("log.spotMaker.spotStop", { qty: absPosition.toFixed(6), pnl: pnl.toFixed(4) }));
       try {
         // 尽力撤销所有未完成挂单，避免锁定基础资产导致余额不足
         await this.exchange.cancelAllOrders({ symbol: this.config.symbol }).catch(() => {});
         await this.flushOrders();
-        await marketClose(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          "SELL",
-          absPosition,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          {
+        await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: "SELL",
+          quantity: absPosition,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: position.markPrice,
             expectedPrice: bidPrice || null,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
       } catch (error) {
         if (isRateLimitError(error)) throw error;
         if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "止损平仓时订单已不存在");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.stopCloseMissing"));
         } else {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `现货止损失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.spotStopFailed", { error: String(error) }));
         }
       }
       return;
@@ -987,7 +989,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     const hasEntryPrice = Number.isFinite(position.entryPrice) && Math.abs(position.entryPrice) > 1e-8;
     if (!hasEntryPrice) {
       if (!this.entryPricePendingLogged) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("info", "做市持仓均价未同步，等待账户快照刷新后再执行止损判断");
+        this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.entryPricePending"));
         this.entryPricePendingLogged = true;
       }
       return;
@@ -1000,32 +1002,29 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     if (triggerStop) {
       this.tradeLog.push(
         "stop",
-        `触发止损，方向=${position.positionAmt > 0 ? "多" : "空"} 当前亏损=${pnl.toFixed(4)} USDT`
+        t("log.spotMaker.stopTriggered", {
+          direction: position.positionAmt > 0 ? t("common.direction.long") : t("common.direction.short"),
+          pnl: pnl.toFixed(4),
+        })
       );
       try {
         await this.flushOrders();
-        await marketClose(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY",
-          absPosition,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          {
+        await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY",
+          quantity: absPosition,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: position.markPrice,
             expectedPrice: Number(position.positionAmt > 0 ? bidPrice : askPrice) || null,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
       } catch (error) {
         if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "止损平仓时订单已不存在");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.stopCloseMissing"));
         } else {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `止损平仓失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.stopCloseFailed", { error: String(error) }));
         }
       }
     }
@@ -1044,12 +1043,12 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
           // 与原逻辑保持一致：成功撤销不记录日志且不修改本地 openOrders
         },
         () => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "订单已不存在，撤销跳过");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.orderMissingOnCancel"));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
         },
         (error) => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `撤销订单失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.cancelFailed", { error: String(error) }));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           // 与同步撤单路径保持一致，移除本地异常订单，等待订单流重建
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
@@ -1058,49 +1057,8 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     }
   }
 
-  private syncPrecision(): void {
-    if (this.precisionSync) return;
-    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
-    if (!getPrecision) return;
-    this.precisionSync = getPrecision()
-      .then((precision) => {
-        if (!precision) return;
-        let updated = false;
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.priceTick) && precision.priceTick > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.priceTick - this.priceTick) > 1e-12) {
-            this.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.qtyStep) && precision.qtyStep > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.qtyStep - this.qtyStep) > 1e-12) {
-            this.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.minBaseAmount)) {
-          this.minBaseAmount = precision.minBaseAmount!;
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.minQuoteAmount)) {
-          this.minQuoteAmount = precision.minQuoteAmount!;
-        }
-        if (updated) {
-          this.tradeLog.push(
-            "info",
-            `已同步交易精度: priceTick=${precision.priceTick} qtyStep=${precision.qtyStep}`
-          );
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `同步精度失败: ${String(error)}`);
-        this.precisionSync = null;
-        setTimeout(() => this.syncPrecision(), 2000);
-      });
-  }
-
   private getPriceDecimals(): number {
-    const tick = Math.max(1e-9, this.priceTick);
+    const tick = Math.max(1e-9, this.precision.priceTick);
     const raw = Math.log10(1 / tick);
     if (!Number.isFinite(raw)) return 0;
     return Math.max(0, Math.floor(raw + 1e-9));
@@ -1110,10 +1068,10 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     try {
       const snapshot = this.buildSnapshot();
       this.events.emit("update", snapshot, (error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `更新回调处理异常: ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.updateHandlerError", { error: String(error) }));
       });
     } catch (err) {
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `快照或更新分发异常: ${String(err)}`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.snapshotDispatchError", { error: String(err) }));
     }
   }
 
@@ -1231,7 +1189,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     if (!params.balances) return desired;
     if (params.side === "SELL") {
       const cap = Math.max(0, params.balances.baseAvailable, params.balances.baseWallet ?? 0);
-      if (this.minBaseAmount != null && cap + EPS < this.minBaseAmount) {
+      if (this.precision.minBaseAmount != null && cap + EPS < this.precision.minBaseAmount) {
         return 0; // below venue min trade size; skip sell until enough balance
       }
       return this.roundToStep(Math.max(0, Math.min(desired, cap)));
@@ -1244,7 +1202,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
   }
 
   private roundToStep(amount: number): number {
-    const step = Math.max(1e-9, this.qtyStep);
+    const step = Math.max(1e-9, this.precision.qtyStep);
     return Math.floor(amount / step) * step;
   }
 
@@ -1255,7 +1213,7 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     topAsk: number | null
   ): number | null {
     if (!Number.isFinite(rawPrice) || rawPrice <= 0) return null;
-    const tick = Math.max(this.priceTick, 1e-9);
+    const tick = Math.max(this.precision.priceTick, 1e-9);
     if (side === "BUY") {
       if (topAsk == null || !Number.isFinite(topAsk)) return rawPrice;
       const maxPrice = Number(topAsk) - tick;
@@ -1293,17 +1251,11 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
     if (absQty < EPS) return false;
     const { topBid, topAsk } = getTopPrices(this.depthSnapshot);
     try {
-      await marketClose(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        target.side,
-        absQty,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: target.side,
+        quantity: absQty,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           expectedPrice:
             target.side === "SELL"
@@ -1311,15 +1263,15 @@ export class LiquidityMakerEngine {
               : (topAsk != null ? Number(topAsk) : null),
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-      );
-      this.tradeLog.push("order", `小额仓位使用市价平仓 ${target.side} 数量 ${absQty.toFixed(6)}`);
+        qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+      });
+      this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.dustClose", { side: target.side, qty: absQty.toFixed(6) }));
       return true;
     } catch (closeError) {
       if (isRateLimitError(closeError)) {
         throw closeError;
       }
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `小额市价平仓失败: ${String(closeError)}`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.dustCloseFailed", { error: String(closeError) }));
       return false;
     }
   }

src/strategy/maker-engine.ts

@@ -20,13 +20,14 @@ import {
   placeOrder,
   unlockOperating,
 } from "../core/order-coordinator";
-import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
+import type { OrderContext, OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
 import { makeOrderPlan } from "../core/lib/order-plan";
 import { safeCancelOrder } from "../core/lib/orders";
 import { RateLimitController } from "../core/lib/rate-limit";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
 import { SessionVolumeTracker } from "./common/session-volume";
+import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 interface DesiredOrder {
@@ -64,6 +65,8 @@ type MakerListener = (snapshot: MakerEngineSnapshot) => void;
 
 const EPS = 1e-5;
 const INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE_COOLDOWN_MS = 15_000;
+/** Quantity step assumed until the exchange reports its own. */
+const DEFAULT_QTY_STEP = 0.001;
 
 export class MakerEngine {
   private accountSnapshot: AccountSnapshot | null = null;
@@ -79,9 +82,7 @@ export class MakerEngine {
   private readonly tradeLog: ReturnType<typeof createTradeLog>;
   private readonly events = new StrategyEventEmitter<MakerEvent, MakerEngineSnapshot>();
   private readonly sessionVolume = new SessionVolumeTracker();
-  private priceTick: number = 0.1;
-  private qtyStep: number = 0.001;
-  private precisionSync: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly precision: PrecisionSyncer;
 
   private timer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
   private processing = false;
@@ -119,12 +120,26 @@ export class MakerEngine {
     this.rateLimit = new RateLimitController(this.config.refreshIntervalMs, (type, detail) =>
       this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
     );
-    this.priceTick = Math.max(1e-9, this.config.priceTick);
-    this.qtyStep = Math.max(1e-9, this.qtyStep);
-    this.syncPrecision();
+    this.precision = createPrecisionSyncer(this.exchange, this.config, DEFAULT_QTY_STEP, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
+    this.precision.start();
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
+  /** Bundles the fixed order-routing state; rebuilt lazily on first use. */
+  private get orderContext(): OrderContext {
+    return (this.orderContextCache ??= {
+      adapter: this.exchange,
+      symbol: this.config.symbol,
+      locks: this.locks,
+      timers: this.timers,
+      pendings: this.pending,
+      log: (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+    });
+  }
+  private orderContextCache: OrderContext | null = null;
+
   start(): void {
     if (this.timer) return;
     this.timer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -137,6 +152,7 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       clearInterval(this.timer);
       this.timer = null;
     }
+    this.precision.stop();
   }
 
   on(event: MakerEvent, handler: MakerListener): void {
@@ -436,27 +452,18 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       if (!target) continue;
       if (target.amount < EPS) continue;
       try {
-        await placeOrder(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          target.side,
-          target.price, // 已经是字符串价格
-          target.amount,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          target.reduceOnly,
-          {
+        await placeOrder(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: target.side,
+          price: target.price,
+          amount: target.amount,
+          reduceOnly: target.reduceOnly,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol).markPrice,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          {
-            priceTick: this.priceTick,
-            qtyStep: this.qtyStep,
-          }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
       } catch (error) {
         if (isInsufficientBalanceError(error)) {
           this.registerInsufficientBalance(error);
@@ -504,23 +511,17 @@ export class MakerEngine {
       );
       try {
         await this.flushOrders();
-        await marketClose(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY",
-          absPosition,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          {
+        await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY",
+          quantity: absPosition,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: position.markPrice,
             expectedPrice: Number(closeSidePrice) || null,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
       } catch (error) {
         if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
           this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.maker.stopOrderMissing"));
@@ -557,46 +558,8 @@ export class MakerEngine {
     }
   }
 
-  private syncPrecision(): void {
-    if (this.precisionSync) return;
-    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
-    if (!getPrecision) return;
-    this.precisionSync = getPrecision()
-      .then((precision) => {
-        if (!precision) return;
-        let updated = false;
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.priceTick) && precision.priceTick > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.priceTick - this.priceTick) > 1e-12) {
-            this.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.qtyStep) && precision.qtyStep > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.qtyStep - this.qtyStep) > 1e-12) {
-            this.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (updated) {
-          this.tradeLog.push(
-            "info",
-            t("log.common.precisionSynced", {
-              priceTick: precision.priceTick,
-              qtyStep: precision.qtyStep,
-            })
-          );
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.common.precisionFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
-        this.precisionSync = null;
-        setTimeout(() => this.syncPrecision(), 2000);
-      });
-  }
-
   private getPriceDecimals(): number {
-    const tick = Math.max(1e-9, this.priceTick);
+    const tick = Math.max(1e-9, this.precision.priceTick);
     const raw = Math.log10(1 / tick);
     if (!Number.isFinite(raw)) return 0;
     return Math.max(0, Math.floor(raw + 1e-9));

src/strategy/maker-points-defense.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  ACCOUNT_DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS,
+  DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS,
+  REST_ERROR_DEFENSE_THRESHOLD,
+  defenseReasonsFor,
+  describeDefenseReasons,
+  evaluateDefense,
+  type DefenseInputs,
+} from "./maker-points-defense";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
+
+const NOW = 1_700_000_000_000;
+
+function inputs(overrides: Partial<DefenseInputs> = {}): DefenseInputs {
+  return {
+    now: NOW,
+    lastDepthTime: NOW,
+    lastAccountTime: NOW,
+    lastBinanceDepthTime: NOW,
+    binanceHealth: { healthy: true },
+    accountHealth: { ok: true },
+    hasAccountSnapshot: true,
+    accountProbeFailures: 0,
+    accountProbeInFlight: false,
+    restUnhealthy: false,
+    restConsecutiveErrors: 0,
+    restLastError: null,
+    marginMode: "isolated",
+    enforceIsolatedMargin: true,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+describe("evaluateDefense", () => {
+  it("stays out of defense when every feed is fresh", () => {
+    expect(evaluateDefense(inputs()).shouldDefend).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("treats a feed that has never reported as fresh, not stale", () => {
+    // Startup: age 0 must not be read as "infinitely old".
+    const verdict = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({ lastDepthTime: 0, lastAccountTime: 0, lastBinanceDepthTime: 0 })
+    );
+    expect(verdict.shouldDefend).toBe(false);
+    expect(verdict.reasons.depthAge).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("defends on a stale venue depth feed", () => {
+    const verdict = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({ lastDepthTime: NOW - DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS - 1 })
+    );
+    expect(verdict.shouldDefend).toBe(true);
+    expect(verdict.reasons.depthStale).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("does not defend exactly at the staleness threshold", () => {
+    expect(evaluateDefense(inputs({ lastDepthTime: NOW - DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS })).shouldDefend).toBe(
+      false
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("defends on a stale Binance depth feed or an unhealthy book", () => {
+    expect(
+      evaluateDefense(inputs({ lastBinanceDepthTime: NOW - DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS - 1 })).shouldDefend
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      evaluateDefense(inputs({ binanceHealth: { healthy: false, reason: "gap" } })).shouldDefend
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("probes but does not defend when the account feed first goes quiet", () => {
+    const verdict = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({ lastAccountTime: NOW - ACCOUNT_DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS - 1 })
+    );
+    expect(verdict.needsAccountProbe).toBe(true);
+    expect(verdict.shouldDefend).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("holds off while the account REST probe is still in flight", () => {
+    const verdict = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({
+        lastAccountTime: NOW - ACCOUNT_DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS - 1,
+        accountProbeFailures: 2,
+        accountProbeInFlight: true,
+      })
+    );
+    expect(verdict.shouldDefend).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("defends once the account REST probe has failed", () => {
+    const verdict = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({
+        lastAccountTime: NOW - ACCOUNT_DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS - 1,
+        accountProbeFailures: 1,
+        accountProbeInFlight: false,
+      })
+    );
+    expect(verdict.shouldDefend).toBe(true);
+    expect(verdict.reasons.accountStale).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("defends on an invalid account snapshot and carries its issues", () => {
+    const verdict = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({ accountHealth: { ok: false, issues: ["missing position"] } })
+    );
+    expect(verdict.shouldDefend).toBe(true);
+    expect(verdict.reasons.accountIssues).toEqual(["missing position"]);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores account validity before any snapshot has arrived", () => {
+    const verdict = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({ hasAccountSnapshot: false, accountHealth: { ok: false, issues: ["x"] } })
+    );
+    expect(verdict.shouldDefend).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("defends only after REST failures reach the threshold", () => {
+    const below = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({ restUnhealthy: true, restConsecutiveErrors: REST_ERROR_DEFENSE_THRESHOLD - 1 })
+    );
+    expect(below.shouldDefend).toBe(false);
+
+    const at = evaluateDefense(
+      inputs({ restUnhealthy: true, restConsecutiveErrors: REST_ERROR_DEFENSE_THRESHOLD })
+    );
+    expect(at.shouldDefend).toBe(true);
+    expect(at.reasons.restUnhealthy).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("defends on a non-isolated margin mode only where it is enforced", () => {
+    expect(evaluateDefense(inputs({ marginMode: "cross" })).shouldDefend).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      evaluateDefense(inputs({ marginMode: "cross", enforceIsolatedMargin: false })).shouldDefend
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("does not defend on an unknown margin mode", () => {
+    expect(evaluateDefense(inputs({ marginMode: null })).shouldDefend).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("describeDefenseReasons", () => {
+  it("names every active cause", () => {
+    const summary = describeDefenseReasons(
+      defenseReasonsFor({
+        depthStale: true,
+        depthAge: 7_000,
+        restUnhealthy: true,
+        restConsecutiveErrors: 4,
+      })
+    );
+    expect(summary).toContain(t("defense.reason.depth", { seconds: 7 }));
+    expect(summary).toContain(t("defense.reason.rest", { count: 4 }));
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to unknown when nothing is flagged", () => {
+    expect(describeDefenseReasons(defenseReasonsFor({}))).toBe(t("defense.reason.unknown"));
+  });
+
+  it("omits the Binance book reason when there is none", () => {
+    const summary = describeDefenseReasons(
+      defenseReasonsFor({ binanceUnhealthy: true, binanceHealthReason: null })
+    );
+    expect(summary).toBe(t("defense.reason.unknown"));
+  });
+});

src/strategy/maker-points-defense.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/**
+ * Defense-mode decision logic for the Maker Points engine.
+ *
+ * Pure by design (mirrors maker-points-logic.ts / grid-logic.ts): it reads a
+ * snapshot of feed ages and health flags and returns a verdict. Acting on the
+ * verdict — cancelling orders, starting REST polling — stays in the engine,
+ * so the rule that decides "is our market data trustworthy" can be tested
+ * without a live adapter.
+ */
+import { t } from "../i18n";
+
+/** A feed older than this is considered stale. */
+export const DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS = 5_000;
+/**
+ * Account pushes can legitimately be sparse, so age alone does not trigger
+ * defense — it only triggers a REST probe. Defense follows a failed probe.
+ */
+export const ACCOUNT_DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS = 20_000;
+/** Consecutive REST failures before the venue is treated as down. */
+export const REST_ERROR_DEFENSE_THRESHOLD = 3;
+
+export interface DefenseInputs {
+  now: number;
+  /** Epoch ms of the last venue depth update; 0 when none has arrived yet. */
+  lastDepthTime: number;
+  /** Epoch ms of the last venue account update; 0 when none has arrived yet. */
+  lastAccountTime: number;
+  /** Epoch ms of the last Binance depth update; 0 when none has arrived yet. */
+  lastBinanceDepthTime: number;
+  binanceHealth: { healthy: boolean; reason?: string | null };
+  /** Result of validating the current account snapshot for the traded symbol. */
+  accountHealth: { ok: boolean; issues?: string[] };
+  hasAccountSnapshot: boolean;
+  /** Consecutive failures of the REST fallback that refreshes a stale account. */
+  accountProbeFailures: number;
+  accountProbeInFlight: boolean;
+  restUnhealthy: boolean;
+  restConsecutiveErrors: number;
+  restLastError: string | null;
+  /** Current margin mode as the venue reports it, or null when unknown. */
+  marginMode: string | null;
+  /** Margin mode is only enforced on StandX. */
+  enforceIsolatedMargin: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Why defense mode was entered; carried into the log line and the notification.
+ * A type alias rather than an interface so it satisfies the notification
+ * payload's index signature without a cast.
+ */
+export type DefenseReasons = {
+  depthStale: boolean;
+  binanceStale: boolean;
+  binanceUnhealthy: boolean;
+  binanceHealthReason: string | null;
+  accountStale: boolean;
+  accountInvalid: boolean;
+  restUnhealthy: boolean;
+  restConsecutiveErrors: number;
+  restLastError: string | null;
+  marginModeNotIsolated: boolean;
+  marginMode: string | null;
+  depthAge: number;
+  binanceAge: number;
+  accountAge: number;
+  accountIssues: string[];
+};
+
+export interface DefenseVerdict {
+  shouldDefend: boolean;
+  /** The account feed is old enough that the engine should refresh it over REST. */
+  needsAccountProbe: boolean;
+  reasons: DefenseReasons;
+}
+
+/** Age of a feed that has produced at least one update; 0 for one that has not. */
+function feedAge(now: number, lastUpdate: number): number {
+  return lastUpdate > 0 ? now - lastUpdate : 0;
+}
+
+function isStale(now: number, lastUpdate: number, threshold: number): boolean {
+  return lastUpdate > 0 && now - lastUpdate > threshold;
+}
+
+export function evaluateDefense(inputs: DefenseInputs): DefenseVerdict {
+  const { now } = inputs;
+
+  const depthStale = isStale(now, inputs.lastDepthTime, DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS);
+  const binanceStale = isStale(now, inputs.lastBinanceDepthTime, DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS);
+  const binanceUnhealthy = !inputs.binanceHealth.healthy;
+
+  const accountAge = feedAge(now, inputs.lastAccountTime);
+  const accountStaleByAge = isStale(now, inputs.lastAccountTime, ACCOUNT_DATA_STALE_THRESHOLD_MS);
+  // Defense waits for the REST fallback to have been tried and failed.
+  const accountStale =
+    accountStaleByAge && inputs.accountProbeFailures > 0 && !inputs.accountProbeInFlight;
+
+  const accountInvalid = inputs.hasAccountSnapshot && !inputs.accountHealth.ok;
+  const restUnhealthy =
+    inputs.restUnhealthy && inputs.restConsecutiveErrors >= REST_ERROR_DEFENSE_THRESHOLD;
+  const marginModeNotIsolated =
+    inputs.enforceIsolatedMargin && inputs.marginMode != null && inputs.marginMode !== "isolated";
+
+  const shouldDefend =
+    depthStale ||
+    binanceStale ||
+    binanceUnhealthy ||
+    accountStale ||
+    accountInvalid ||
+    restUnhealthy ||
+    marginModeNotIsolated;
+
+  return {
+    shouldDefend,
+    needsAccountProbe: accountStaleByAge,
+    reasons: {
+      depthStale,
+      binanceStale,
+      binanceUnhealthy,
+      binanceHealthReason: inputs.binanceHealth.reason ?? null,
+      accountStale,
+      accountInvalid,
+      restUnhealthy,
+      restConsecutiveErrors: inputs.restConsecutiveErrors,
+      restLastError: inputs.restLastError,
+      marginModeNotIsolated,
+      marginMode: inputs.marginMode,
+      depthAge: feedAge(now, inputs.lastDepthTime),
+      binanceAge: feedAge(now, inputs.lastBinanceDepthTime),
+      accountAge,
+      accountIssues: accountInvalid ? inputs.accountHealth.issues ?? [] : [],
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** Nothing wrong; the baseline every single-cause reason set starts from. */
+const NO_REASONS: DefenseReasons = {
+  depthStale: false,
+  binanceStale: false,
+  binanceUnhealthy: false,
+  binanceHealthReason: null,
+  accountStale: false,
+  accountInvalid: false,
+  restUnhealthy: false,
+  restConsecutiveErrors: 0,
+  restLastError: null,
+  marginModeNotIsolated: false,
+  marginMode: null,
+  depthAge: 0,
+  binanceAge: 0,
+  accountAge: 0,
+  accountIssues: [],
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reason set for a defense trigger that fires outside the periodic check — a REST
+ * health event, a rejected margin mode — where only one or two causes are known.
+ */
+export function defenseReasonsFor(known: Partial<DefenseReasons>): DefenseReasons {
+  return { ...NO_REASONS, ...known };
+}
+
+/** Human-readable summary of what went stale, for the log and the alert. */
+export function describeDefenseReasons(reasons: DefenseReasons): string {
+  const items: string[] = [];
+  const seconds = (ms: number) => Math.round(ms / 1000);
+
+  if (reasons.depthStale) items.push(t("defense.reason.depth", { seconds: seconds(reasons.depthAge) }));
+  if (reasons.accountStale) {
+    items.push(t("defense.reason.account", { seconds: seconds(reasons.accountAge) }));
+  }
+  if (reasons.accountInvalid) {
+    items.push(
+      t("defense.reason.accountInvalid", {
+        issues: reasons.accountIssues.join(",") || t("defense.reason.unknown"),
+      })
+    );
+  }
+  if (reasons.restUnhealthy) {
+    items.push(t("defense.reason.rest", { count: reasons.restConsecutiveErrors }));
+  }
+  if (reasons.marginModeNotIsolated) {
+    items.push(
+      t("defense.reason.marginMode", { mode: reasons.marginMode ?? t("defense.reason.unknown") })
+    );
+  }
+  if (reasons.binanceStale) {
+    items.push(t("defense.reason.binanceDepth", { seconds: seconds(reasons.binanceAge) }));
+  }
+  if (reasons.binanceUnhealthy && reasons.binanceHealthReason) {
+    items.push(t("defense.reason.binanceBook", { reason: reasons.binanceHealthReason }));
+  }
+
+  return items.length > 0 ? items.join(", ") : t("defense.reason.unknown");
+}

src/strategy/offset-maker-engine.ts

@@ -22,14 +22,16 @@ import {
   placeOrder,
   unlockOperating,
 } from "../core/order-coordinator";
-import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
+import type { OrderContext, OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
 import type { MakerEngineSnapshot } from "./maker-engine";
 import { makeOrderPlan } from "../core/lib/order-plan";
 import { safeCancelOrder } from "../core/lib/orders";
 import { RateLimitController } from "../core/lib/rate-limit";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
 import { SessionVolumeTracker } from "./common/session-volume";
+import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 
 interface DesiredOrder {
   side: "BUY" | "SELL";
@@ -38,6 +40,13 @@ interface DesiredOrder {
   reduceOnly: boolean;
 }
 
+/** Spot wallet view the quoting logic reads; `baseWallet` may lag `baseAvailable` after a fill. */
+export interface SpotBalances {
+  baseAvailable: number;
+  quoteAvailable: number;
+  baseWallet: number;
+}
+
 export interface OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot extends MakerEngineSnapshot {
   buyDepthSum10: number;
   sellDepthSum10: number;
@@ -54,6 +63,8 @@ type MakerEvent = "update";
 type MakerListener = (snapshot: OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot) => void;
 
 const EPS = 1e-5;
+/** Quantity step assumed until the exchange reports its own. */
+const DEFAULT_QTY_STEP = 0.001;
 
 export class OffsetMakerEngine {
   private accountSnapshot: AccountSnapshot | null = null;
@@ -71,11 +82,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
   private readonly tradeLog: ReturnType<typeof createTradeLog>;
   private readonly events = new StrategyEventEmitter<MakerEvent, OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot>();
   private readonly sessionVolume = new SessionVolumeTracker();
-  private priceTick: number = 0.1;
-  private qtyStep: number = 0.001;
-  private minBaseAmount: number | null = null;
-  private minQuoteAmount: number | null = null;
-  private precisionSync: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly precision: PrecisionSyncer;
   private marketType: "perp" | "spot" = "perp";
   private baseAsset: string | null = null;
   private quoteAsset: string | null = null;
@@ -123,17 +130,31 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     this.rateLimit = new RateLimitController(this.config.refreshIntervalMs, (type, detail) =>
       this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
     );
-    this.priceTick = Math.max(1e-9, this.config.priceTick);
-    this.qtyStep = Math.max(1e-9, this.qtyStep);
+    this.precision = createPrecisionSyncer(this.exchange, this.config, DEFAULT_QTY_STEP, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
     const parsedSymbols = parseSymbolParts(this.config.symbol);
     this.baseAsset = parsedSymbols.base ?? null;
     this.quoteAsset = parsedSymbols.quote ?? null;
-    this.syncPrecision();
+    this.precision.start();
     // Debounce window defaults to 3x refresh interval, min 1s
     this.repriceDwellMs = Math.max(1000, this.config.refreshIntervalMs * 3);
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
+  /** Bundles the fixed order-routing state; rebuilt lazily on first use. */
+  private get orderContext(): OrderContext {
+    return (this.orderContextCache ??= {
+      adapter: this.exchange,
+      symbol: this.config.symbol,
+      locks: this.locks,
+      timers: this.timers,
+      pendings: this.pending,
+      log: (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+    });
+  }
+  private orderContextCache: OrderContext | null = null;
+
   start(): void {
     if (this.timer) return;
     this.timer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -146,6 +167,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       clearInterval(this.timer);
       this.timer = null;
     }
+    this.precision.stop();
   }
 
   on(event: MakerEvent, handler: MakerListener): void {
@@ -202,8 +224,8 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅账户失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `账户推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.accountFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.accountError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -231,8 +253,8 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅订单失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `订单推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.orderFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.orderError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -245,8 +267,8 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅深度失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `深度推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.depthFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.depthError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -259,8 +281,8 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅Ticker失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `价格推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.tickerFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.tickerError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
 
@@ -269,6 +291,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       (klines) => {
         if (!Array.isArray(klines) || !klines.length) return;
         const latest = klines[klines.length - 1];
+        if (!latest) return;
         this.lastKline = latest;
         const open = Number(latest.open);
         const close = Number(latest.close);
@@ -278,8 +301,8 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       },
       log,
       {
-        subscribeFail: (error) => `订阅K线失败: ${String(error)}`,
-        processFail: (error) => `K线推送处理异常: ${String(error)}`,
+        subscribeFail: (error) => t("log.subscribe.klineFail", { error: String(error) }),
+        processFail: (error) => t("log.process.klineError", { error: String(error) }),
       }
     );
   }
@@ -340,7 +363,9 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       const position = this.getPositionSnapshot();
       const isSpotMarket = this.marketType === "spot";
       const spotBalances = isSpotMarket ? this.getSpotBalances() : null;
-      const balancesForSpot = isSpotMarket ? spotBalances ?? { baseAvailable: 0, quoteAvailable: 0 } : spotBalances;
+      const balancesForSpot = isSpotMarket
+        ? spotBalances ?? { baseAvailable: 0, quoteAvailable: 0, baseWallet: 0 }
+        : spotBalances;
       this.updateLiveCandle();
       const handledImbalance = await this.handleImbalanceExit(position, buySum, sellSum);
       if (handledImbalance) {
@@ -374,9 +399,9 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       const askPrice = safeAsk != null ? formatPriceToString(safeAsk, priceDecimals) : null;
       const rawAbsPosition = Math.abs(position.positionAmt);
       const minSell =
-        Number.isFinite(this.minBaseAmount) && this.minBaseAmount! > 0
-          ? this.minBaseAmount!
-          : Math.max(this.config.tradeAmount, this.qtyStep);
+        Number.isFinite(this.precision.minBaseAmount) && this.precision.minBaseAmount! > 0
+          ? this.precision.minBaseAmount!
+          : Math.max(this.config.tradeAmount, this.precision.qtyStep);
       let absPosition = rawAbsPosition;
       const tinySpotPosition =
         isSpotMarket &&
@@ -392,20 +417,18 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
 
       if (absPosition < EPS && isSpotMarket) {
         this.entryPricePendingLogged = false;
-        const baseAvail = balancesForSpot?.baseAvailable ?? 0;
-        const baseWallet = balancesForSpot?.baseWallet ?? baseAvail;
-        const maxBase = Math.max(baseAvail, baseWallet);
+        const maxBase = this.sellableBase(balancesForSpot);
         if (isSpotMarket && minSell > 0 && maxBase + EPS < minSell) {
           // 无法卖出，跳过卖单，允许买单累计
           this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
           if (!skipSellSide) {
-            this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，暂不挂卖单");
+            this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinSellHold"));
           }
         }
         if (!skipBuySide && canEnter) {
           if (!allowSpotBuy) {
             if (this.lastBuyPriceViable) {
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货买入仅在1m阳线，当前跳过买单");
+              this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.buyOnlyOnGreenCandle"));
               this.lastBuyPriceViable = false;
             }
           } else {
@@ -422,21 +445,19 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
               this.lastBuyPriceViable = false;
               const reason =
                 buyAmount < EPS && isSpotMarket
-                  ? "现货可用报价资产不足，跳过买单"
-                  : "跳过买单：价差不足以构造maker价格";
+                  ? t("log.spotMaker.quoteBalanceShort")
+                  : t("log.spotMaker.spreadTooTightBuy");
               this.tradeLog.push("info", reason);
             }
           }
         }
         if (!skipSellSide && canEnter) {
-          const baseAvail = balancesForSpot?.baseAvailable ?? 0;
-          const baseWallet = balancesForSpot?.baseWallet ?? baseAvail;
-          const maxBase = Math.max(baseAvail, baseWallet);
+          const maxBase = this.sellableBase(balancesForSpot);
           if (isSpotMarket && minSell > 0 && maxBase + EPS < minSell) {
             // 持仓低于最小卖单量，跳过卖单，等待累积
             if (this.lastSellPriceViable) {
               this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，跳过卖单");
+              this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinSellSkip"));
             }
           } else {
             const desiredSellAmount =
@@ -454,8 +475,8 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
               this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
               const reason =
                 sellAmount < EPS && isSpotMarket
-                  ? "现货可用基础资产不足，跳过卖单"
-                  : "跳过卖单：价差不足以构造maker价格";
+                  ? t("log.spotMaker.baseBalanceShort")
+                  : t("log.spotMaker.spreadTooTightSell");
               this.tradeLog.push("info", reason);
             }
           }
@@ -465,23 +486,25 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
         if (!skipBuySide && canEnter) {
           if (isSpotMarket && !allowSpotBuy) {
             if (this.lastBuyPriceViable) {
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货买入仅在1m阳线，当前跳过买单");
+              this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.buyOnlyOnGreenCandle"));
               this.lastBuyPriceViable = false;
             }
-          } else {
+          } else if (bidPrice != null) {
             desired.push({ side: "BUY", price: bidPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
           }
         }
         if (!skipSellSide && canEnter) {
-          if (isSpotMarket && minSell > 0 && this.minBaseAmount != null) {
-            const baseAvail = balancesForSpot?.baseAvailable ?? 0;
-            const baseWallet = balancesForSpot?.baseWallet ?? baseAvail;
-            if (Math.max(baseAvail, baseWallet) + EPS < minSell) {
-              this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
-              this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小卖单量，跳过卖单");
-            }
+          const belowMinSell =
+            isSpotMarket &&
+            minSell > 0 &&
+            this.precision.minBaseAmount != null &&
+            this.sellableBase(balancesForSpot) + EPS < minSell;
+          if (belowMinSell) {
+            this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
+            this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinSellSkip"));
+          } else if (askPrice != null) {
+            desired.push({ side: "SELL", price: askPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
           }
-          desired.push({ side: "SELL", price: askPrice, amount: this.config.tradeAmount, reduceOnly: false });
         }
       } else {
         const closeSide: "BUY" | "SELL" = position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY";
@@ -521,7 +544,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
         await this.enforceRateLimitStop();
         this.tradeLog.push("warn", `OffsetMakerEngine 429: ${String(error)}`);
       } else {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `偏移做市循环异常: ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.offsetMaker.tickFailed", { error: String(error) }));
       }
       this.emitUpdate();
     } finally {
@@ -542,17 +565,11 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     const closeBidPrice = topBid != null ? formatPriceToString(topBid, priceDecimals) : null;
     const closeAskPrice = topAsk != null ? formatPriceToString(topAsk, priceDecimals) : null;
     try {
-      await marketClose(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        absPosition,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        quantity: absPosition,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           expectedPrice:
             side === "SELL"
@@ -560,13 +577,13 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
               : (closeBidPrice != null ? Number(closeBidPrice) : null),
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-      );
+        qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+      });
     } catch (error) {
       if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("order", "限频强制平仓时订单已不存在");
+        this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.rateLimitCloseMissing"));
       } else {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `限频强制平仓失败: ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.rateLimitCloseFailed", { error: String(error) }));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -584,18 +601,18 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       unlockOperating(this.locks, this.timers, this.pending, "LIMIT");
       this.openOrders = [];
       this.emitUpdate();
-      this.tradeLog.push("order", "启动时清理历史挂单");
+      this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.startupCleanup"));
       this.initialOrderResetDone = true;
       return true;
     } catch (error) {
       if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("order", "历史挂单已消失，跳过启动清理");
+        this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.startupCleanupGone"));
         this.initialOrderResetDone = true;
         this.openOrders = [];
         this.emitUpdate();
         return true;
       }
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `启动撤单失败: ${String(error)}`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.startupCancelFailed", { error: String(error) }));
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -631,32 +648,30 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     const closeSidePrice = side === "SELL" ? bid : ask;
     this.tradeLog.push(
       "stop",
-      `深度极端不平衡(${buySum.toFixed(4)} vs ${sellSum.toFixed(4)}), 市价平仓 ${side}`
+      t("log.offsetMaker.imbalanceClose", {
+        buySum: buySum.toFixed(4),
+        sellSum: sellSum.toFixed(4),
+        side,
+      })
     );
     try {
       await this.flushOrders();
-      await marketClose(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        absPosition,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        quantity: absPosition,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           expectedPrice: Number(closeSidePrice) || null,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-      );
+        qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+      });
     } catch (error) {
       if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("order", "深度不平衡平仓时订单已不存在");
+        this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.offsetMaker.imbalanceCloseMissing"));
       } else {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `深度不平衡平仓失败: ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.offsetMaker.imbalanceCloseFailed", { error: String(error) }));
       }
     }
     return true;
@@ -676,7 +691,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       const newPrice = Number(t.price);
       const oldPrice = Number(existing.price);
       if (!Number.isFinite(newPrice) || !Number.isFinite(oldPrice)) continue;
-      const ticksDiff = Math.abs(newPrice - oldPrice) / this.priceTick;
+      const ticksDiff = Math.abs(newPrice - oldPrice) / this.precision.priceTick;
       const recentPlaced = this.lastEntryOrderBySide[t.side]?.ts ?? 0;
       const withinDwell = Date.now() - recentPlaced < this.repriceDwellMs;
       if (ticksDiff < this.minRepriceTicks || withinDwell) {
@@ -702,17 +717,21 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
         () => {
           this.tradeLog.push(
             "order",
-            `撤销不匹配订单 ${order.side} @ ${order.price} reduceOnly=${order.reduceOnly}`
+            t("log.spotMaker.cancelMismatched", {
+              side: order.side,
+              price: order.price,
+              reduceOnly: order.reduceOnly,
+            })
           );
           // 保持与原逻辑一致：成功撤销不立即修改本地 openOrders，等待订单流重建
         },
         () => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "撤销时发现订单已被成交/取消，忽略");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.cancelAlreadySettled"));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
         },
         (error) => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `撤销订单失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.cancelFailed", { error: String(error) }));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           // 避免同一轮内重复操作同一张已出错的本地挂单，直接从本地缓存移除，等待下一次订单推送重建
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
@@ -725,40 +744,31 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       if (target.amount < EPS) continue;
       if (
         this.marketType === "spot" &&
-        this.minBaseAmount != null &&
+        this.precision.minBaseAmount != null &&
         target.side === "SELL" &&
-        target.amount + EPS < this.minBaseAmount
+        target.amount + EPS < this.precision.minBaseAmount
       ) {
         // Skip placing sells that would be bumped by venue minimums
         if (this.lastSellPriceViable) {
           this.lastSellPriceViable = false;
-          this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货卖单低于最小成交量，跳过挂单等待累积");
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.sellBelowMinNotional"));
         }
         continue;
       }
       try {
         const reduceOnlyFlag = this.marketType === "spot" ? false : target.reduceOnly;
-        await placeOrder(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          target.side,
-          target.price, // 已经是字符串价格
-          target.amount,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          reduceOnlyFlag,
-          {
+        await placeOrder(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: target.side,
+          price: target.price,
+          amount: target.amount,
+          reduceOnly: reduceOnlyFlag,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: this.getPositionSnapshot().markPrice,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          {
-            priceTick: this.priceTick,
-            qtyStep: this.qtyStep,
-          }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
         // Record last placed entry order timing and price
         if (!target.reduceOnly) {
           this.lastEntryOrderBySide[target.side] = { price: target.price, ts: Date.now() };
@@ -774,10 +784,10 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
           if (isRateLimitError(dustError)) {
             throw dustError;
           }
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `小额市价平仓失败: ${String(dustError)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.dustCloseFailed", { error: String(dustError) }));
         }
         if (dustClosed) continue;
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `挂单失败(${target.side} ${target.price}): ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.placeFailed", { side: target.side, price: target.price, error: String(error) }));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -790,10 +800,10 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
         this.lastSpotStopSkipped = false;
         return;
       }
-      const minStopQty = Number.isFinite(this.minBaseAmount) ? this.minBaseAmount! : null;
+      const minStopQty = Number.isFinite(this.precision.minBaseAmount) ? this.precision.minBaseAmount! : null;
       if (minStopQty != null && minStopQty > 0 && absPosition + EPS < minStopQty) {
         if (!this.lastSpotStopSkipped) {
-          this.tradeLog.push("info", "现货持仓低于最小平仓数量，跳过止损检查");
+          this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.belowMinCloseSkipStop"));
           this.lastSpotStopSkipped = true;
         }
         return;
@@ -802,34 +812,28 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
       const pnl = computePositionPnl(position, bidPrice, askPrice);
       const triggerStop = shouldStopLoss(position, bidPrice, askPrice, this.config.lossLimit);
       if (!triggerStop) return;
-      this.tradeLog.push("stop", `现货止损，当前仓位=${absPosition.toFixed(6)} PnL=${pnl.toFixed(4)} USDT`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("stop", t("log.spotMaker.spotStop", { qty: absPosition.toFixed(6), pnl: pnl.toFixed(4) }));
       try {
         // 尽力撤销所有未完成挂单，避免锁定基础资产导致余额不足
         await this.exchange.cancelAllOrders({ symbol: this.config.symbol }).catch(() => {});
         await this.flushOrders();
-        await marketClose(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          "SELL",
-          absPosition,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          {
+        await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: "SELL",
+          quantity: absPosition,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: position.markPrice,
             expectedPrice: bidPrice || null,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
       } catch (error) {
         if (isRateLimitError(error)) throw error;
         if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "止损平仓时订单已不存在");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.stopCloseMissing"));
         } else {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `现货止损失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.spotStopFailed", { error: String(error) }));
         }
       }
       return;
@@ -840,7 +844,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     const hasEntryPrice = Number.isFinite(position.entryPrice) && Math.abs(position.entryPrice) > 1e-8;
     if (!hasEntryPrice) {
       if (!this.entryPricePendingLogged) {
-        this.tradeLog.push("info", "做市持仓均价未同步，等待账户快照刷新后再执行止损判断");
+        this.tradeLog.push("info", t("log.spotMaker.entryPricePending"));
         this.entryPricePendingLogged = true;
       }
       return;
@@ -853,32 +857,29 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     if (triggerStop) {
       this.tradeLog.push(
         "stop",
-        `触发止损，方向=${position.positionAmt > 0 ? "多" : "空"} 当前亏损=${pnl.toFixed(4)} USDT`
+        t("log.spotMaker.stopTriggered", {
+          direction: position.positionAmt > 0 ? t("common.direction.long") : t("common.direction.short"),
+          pnl: pnl.toFixed(4),
+        })
       );
       try {
         await this.flushOrders();
-        await marketClose(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY",
-          absPosition,
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          {
+        await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: position.positionAmt > 0 ? "SELL" : "BUY",
+          quantity: absPosition,
+          guard: {
             markPrice: position.markPrice,
             expectedPrice: Number(position.positionAmt > 0 ? bidPrice : askPrice) || null,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+        });
       } catch (error) {
         if (isUnknownOrderError(error)) {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "止损平仓时订单已不存在");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.stopCloseMissing"));
         } else {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `止损平仓失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.stopCloseFailed", { error: String(error) }));
         }
       }
     }
@@ -897,12 +898,12 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
           // 与原逻辑保持一致：成功撤销不记录日志且不修改本地 openOrders
         },
         () => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("order", "订单已不存在，撤销跳过");
+          this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.orderMissingOnCancel"));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
         },
         (error) => {
-          this.tradeLog.push("error", `撤销订单失败: ${String(error)}`);
+          this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.cancelFailed", { error: String(error) }));
           this.pendingCancelOrders.delete(String(order.orderId));
           // 与同步撤单路径保持一致，移除本地异常订单，等待订单流重建
           this.openOrders = this.openOrders.filter((existing) => existing.orderId !== order.orderId);
@@ -911,49 +912,8 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     }
   }
 
-  private syncPrecision(): void {
-    if (this.precisionSync) return;
-    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
-    if (!getPrecision) return;
-    this.precisionSync = getPrecision()
-      .then((precision) => {
-        if (!precision) return;
-        let updated = false;
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.priceTick) && precision.priceTick > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.priceTick - this.priceTick) > 1e-12) {
-            this.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.qtyStep) && precision.qtyStep > 0) {
-          if (Math.abs(precision.qtyStep - this.qtyStep) > 1e-12) {
-            this.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.minBaseAmount)) {
-          this.minBaseAmount = precision.minBaseAmount!;
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.minQuoteAmount)) {
-          this.minQuoteAmount = precision.minQuoteAmount!;
-        }
-        if (updated) {
-          this.tradeLog.push(
-            "info",
-            `已同步交易精度: priceTick=${precision.priceTick} qtyStep=${precision.qtyStep}`
-          );
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `同步精度失败: ${String(error)}`);
-        this.precisionSync = null;
-        setTimeout(() => this.syncPrecision(), 2000);
-      });
-  }
-
   private getPriceDecimals(): number {
-    const tick = Math.max(1e-9, this.priceTick);
+    const tick = Math.max(1e-9, this.precision.priceTick);
     const raw = Math.log10(1 / tick);
     if (!Number.isFinite(raw)) return 0;
     return Math.max(0, Math.floor(raw + 1e-9));
@@ -963,10 +923,10 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     try {
       const snapshot = this.buildSnapshot();
       this.events.emit("update", snapshot, (error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `更新回调处理异常: ${String(error)}`);
+        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.updateHandlerError", { error: String(error) }));
       });
     } catch (err) {
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `快照或更新分发异常: ${String(err)}`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.snapshotDispatchError", { error: String(err) }));
     }
   }
 
@@ -1012,6 +972,16 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     return this.spotKlineUp === true || this.isLiveCandleUp();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Base asset the venue will actually let us sell. Wallet balance can exceed the
+   * available figure right after a fill settles, so the larger of the two wins.
+   */
+  private sellableBase(balances: SpotBalances | null): number {
+    const available = balances?.baseAvailable ?? 0;
+    const wallet = balances?.baseWallet ?? available;
+    return Math.max(available, wallet);
+  }
+
   private isLiveCandleUp(): boolean {
     if (!this.liveCandle) return false;
     return this.liveCandle.close > this.liveCandle.open;
@@ -1083,7 +1053,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     if (!params.balances) return desired;
     if (params.side === "SELL") {
       const cap = Math.max(0, params.balances.baseAvailable, params.balances.baseWallet ?? 0);
-      if (this.minBaseAmount != null && cap + EPS < this.minBaseAmount) {
+      if (this.precision.minBaseAmount != null && cap + EPS < this.precision.minBaseAmount) {
         return 0; // below venue min trade size; skip sell until enough balance
       }
       return this.roundToStep(Math.max(0, Math.min(desired, cap)));
@@ -1096,7 +1066,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
   }
 
   private roundToStep(amount: number): number {
-    const step = Math.max(1e-9, this.qtyStep);
+    const step = Math.max(1e-9, this.precision.qtyStep);
     return Math.floor(amount / step) * step;
   }
 
@@ -1107,7 +1077,7 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     topAsk: number | null
   ): number | null {
     if (!Number.isFinite(rawPrice) || rawPrice <= 0) return null;
-    const tick = Math.max(this.priceTick, 1e-9);
+    const tick = Math.max(this.precision.priceTick, 1e-9);
     if (side === "BUY") {
       if (topAsk == null || !Number.isFinite(topAsk)) return rawPrice;
       const maxPrice = Number(topAsk) - tick;
@@ -1145,17 +1115,11 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
     if (absQty < EPS) return false;
     const { topBid, topAsk } = getTopPrices(this.depthSnapshot);
     try {
-      await marketClose(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        target.side,
-        absQty,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: target.side,
+        quantity: absQty,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           expectedPrice:
             target.side === "SELL"
@@ -1163,15 +1127,15 @@ export class OffsetMakerEngine {
               : (topAsk != null ? Number(topAsk) : null),
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.qtyStep }
-      );
-      this.tradeLog.push("order", `小额仓位使用市价平仓 ${target.side} 数量 ${absQty.toFixed(6)}`);
+        qtyStep: this.precision.qtyStep
+      });
+      this.tradeLog.push("order", t("log.spotMaker.dustClose", { side: target.side, qty: absQty.toFixed(6) }));
       return true;
     } catch (closeError) {
       if (isRateLimitError(closeError)) {
         throw closeError;
       }
-      this.tradeLog.push("error", `小额市价平仓失败: ${String(closeError)}`);
+      this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.spotMaker.dustCloseFailed", { error: String(closeError) }));
       return false;
     }
   }

src/strategy/registry.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import {
+  basisConfig,
+  gridConfig,
+  isBasisStrategyEnabled,
+  liquidityMakerConfig,
+  makerConfig,
+  makerPointsConfig,
+  swingConfig,
+  tradingConfig,
+} from "../config";
+import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "../exchanges/adapter";
+import { isBasisSupportedExchangeId, type SupportedExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
+import type { TradeLogEntry } from "../logging/trade-log";
+import { BasisArbEngine } from "./basis-arb-engine";
+import { GridEngine } from "./grid-engine";
+import { GuardianEngine } from "./guardian-engine";
+import { LiquidityMakerEngine } from "./liquidity-maker-engine";
+import { MakerEngine } from "./maker-engine";
+import { MakerPointsEngine } from "./maker-points-engine";
+import { OffsetMakerEngine } from "./offset-maker-engine";
+import { SwingEngine } from "./swing-engine";
+import { TrendEngine } from "./trend-engine";
+import { STRATEGY_IDS, type StrategyId } from "./strategy-ids";
+
+/** The slice of every engine snapshot that generic consumers (CLI, UI) rely on. */
+export interface StrategySnapshot {
+  ready: boolean;
+  tradeLog: TradeLogEntry[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * What every strategy engine offers its host. Consumers depend on this instead of
+ * the nine concrete classes, so neither the runner nor the UI needs a union of
+ * snapshot types that grows with each new strategy.
+ */
+export interface StrategyEngine<TSnapshot extends StrategySnapshot = StrategySnapshot> {
+  start(): void;
+  stop(): void;
+  getSnapshot(): TSnapshot;
+  on(event: "update", handler: (snapshot: TSnapshot) => void): void;
+  off(event: "update", handler: (snapshot: TSnapshot) => void): void;
+}
+
+export interface StrategyDefinition {
+  id: StrategyId;
+  /** Prefix for non-interactive console output; not translated. */
+  consoleLabel: string;
+  labelKey: string;
+  descriptionKey: string;
+  /** Market the adapter must be built for before the engine is constructed. */
+  symbol(): string;
+  createEngine(adapter: ExchangeAdapter): StrategyEngine;
+  /**
+   * Why this strategy cannot run in the current environment, or null when it can.
+   * The menu hides strategies with a reason; the CLI reports it. One predicate
+   * keeps those two surfaces from disagreeing.
+   */
+  unavailableReason?(exchangeId: SupportedExchangeId): string | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Keyed by StrategyId so a new id in strategy-ids.ts is a compile error here
+ * until it gets a definition.
+ */
+const DEFINITIONS: Record<StrategyId, StrategyDefinition> = {
+  trend: {
+    id: "trend",
+    consoleLabel: "Trend Following",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.trend.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.trend.desc",
+    symbol: () => tradingConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new TrendEngine(tradingConfig, adapter),
+  },
+  swing: {
+    id: "swing",
+    consoleLabel: "Swing",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.swing.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.swing.desc",
+    symbol: () => swingConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new SwingEngine(swingConfig, adapter),
+  },
+  guardian: {
+    id: "guardian",
+    consoleLabel: "Guardian",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.guardian.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.guardian.desc",
+    symbol: () => tradingConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new GuardianEngine(tradingConfig, adapter),
+  },
+  maker: {
+    id: "maker",
+    consoleLabel: "Maker",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.maker.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.maker.desc",
+    symbol: () => makerConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new MakerEngine(makerConfig, adapter),
+  },
+  grid: {
+    id: "grid",
+    consoleLabel: "Grid",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.grid.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.grid.desc",
+    symbol: () => gridConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new GridEngine(gridConfig, adapter),
+  },
+  "maker-points": {
+    id: "maker-points",
+    consoleLabel: "Maker Points",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.makerPoints.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.makerPoints.desc",
+    symbol: () => makerPointsConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new MakerPointsEngine(makerPointsConfig, adapter),
+    unavailableReason: (exchangeId) =>
+      exchangeId === "standx" ? null : "Maker Points strategy only supports the StandX exchange.",
+  },
+  "offset-maker": {
+    id: "offset-maker",
+    consoleLabel: "Offset Maker",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.offset.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.offset.desc",
+    symbol: () => makerConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new OffsetMakerEngine(makerConfig, adapter),
+  },
+  "liquidity-maker": {
+    id: "liquidity-maker",
+    consoleLabel: "Liquidity Maker",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.liquidityMaker.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.liquidityMaker.desc",
+    symbol: () => liquidityMakerConfig.symbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new LiquidityMakerEngine(liquidityMakerConfig, adapter),
+  },
+  basis: {
+    id: "basis",
+    consoleLabel: "Basis Arbitrage",
+    labelKey: "app.strategy.basis.label",
+    descriptionKey: "app.strategy.basis.desc",
+    symbol: () => basisConfig.futuresSymbol,
+    createEngine: (adapter) => new BasisArbEngine(basisConfig, adapter),
+    unavailableReason: (exchangeId) => {
+      if (!isBasisStrategyEnabled()) {
+        return "Basis arbitrage strategy is disabled. Set ENABLE_BASIS_STRATEGY=true to enable it.";
+      }
+      if (!isBasisSupportedExchangeId(exchangeId)) {
+        return "Basis arbitrage strategy currently only supports the Aster, Nado, StandX, and Binance exchanges";
+      }
+      return null;
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+/** Menu order. */
+export const STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS: readonly StrategyDefinition[] = STRATEGY_IDS.map((id) => DEFINITIONS[id]);
+
+export function getStrategyDefinition(id: StrategyId): StrategyDefinition {
+  return DEFINITIONS[id];
+}
+
+export function strategyUnavailableReason(id: StrategyId, exchangeId: SupportedExchangeId): string | null {
+  return DEFINITIONS[id].unavailableReason?.(exchangeId) ?? null;
+}
+
+/** Strategies runnable on this exchange, in menu order. */
+export function availableStrategies(exchangeId: SupportedExchangeId): StrategyDefinition[] {
+  return STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS.filter((definition) => definition.unavailableReason?.(exchangeId) == null);
+}

src/strategy/strategy-ids.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * The canonical list of strategies. Dependency-free on purpose: CLI argument
+ * parsing imports this without dragging in every engine and its config.
+ *
+ * Adding a strategy starts here; `strategy/registry.ts` then fails to compile
+ * until the new id has a definition.
+ */
+/** Order is the interactive menu's order. */
+export const STRATEGY_IDS = [
+  "trend",
+  "swing",
+  "guardian",
+  "maker",
+  "maker-points",
+  "grid",
+  "offset-maker",
+  "liquidity-maker",
+  "basis",
+] as const;
+
+export type StrategyId = (typeof STRATEGY_IDS)[number];
+
+/** Spellings accepted on the command line beyond the canonical ids. */
+const STRATEGY_ALIASES: Record<string, StrategyId> = {
+  offset: "offset-maker",
+  offsetmaker: "offset-maker",
+  makerpoints: "maker-points",
+  maker_points: "maker-points",
+  liquidity: "liquidity-maker",
+  liquiditymaker: "liquidity-maker",
+  liquidity_maker: "liquidity-maker",
+};
+
+export function isStrategyId(value: string): value is StrategyId {
+  return (STRATEGY_IDS as readonly string[]).includes(value);
+}
+
+/** @returns the strategy the input names, or null when it names none. */
+export function parseStrategyId(raw: string): StrategyId | null {
+  const normalized = raw.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!normalized) return null;
+  if (isStrategyId(normalized)) return normalized;
+  return STRATEGY_ALIASES[normalized] ?? null;
+}

src/strategy/swing-engine.ts

@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "../exchanges/adapter";
 import type { AccountSnapshot, Depth, Order, Ticker } from "../exchanges/types";
 import { createTradeLog, type TradeLogEntry } from "../logging/trade-log";
 import { marketClose, placeMarketOrder, placeStopLossOrder, unlockOperating } from "../core/order-coordinator";
-import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
+import type { OrderContext, OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
 import { extractMessage, isRateLimitError, isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { getPosition, type PositionSnapshot } from "../utils/strategy";
 import { computePositionPnl } from "../utils/pnl";
 import { getMidOrLast, getTopPrices } from "../utils/price";
 import { RateLimitController } from "../core/lib/rate-limit";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
+import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
 import { SessionVolumeTracker } from "./common/session-volume";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ export class SwingEngine {
   private lastError: string | null = null;
 
   private ordersSnapshotReady = false;
-  private precisionSync: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly precision: PrecisionSyncer;
   private swingState: SwingState = createInitialSwingState();
 
   // Stop-loss placement de-bounce
@@ -128,10 +129,26 @@ export class SwingEngine {
     });
     this.binanceRsi.start();
 
-    this.syncPrecision();
+    this.precision = createPrecisionSyncer(this.exchange, this.config, this.config.qtyStep, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
+    this.precision.start();
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
+  /** Bundles the fixed order-routing state; rebuilt lazily on first use. */
+  private get orderContext(): OrderContext {
+    return (this.orderContextCache ??= {
+      adapter: this.exchange,
+      symbol: this.config.symbol,
+      locks: this.locks,
+      timers: this.timers,
+      pendings: this.pending,
+      log: (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+    });
+  }
+  private orderContextCache: OrderContext | null = null;
+
   start(): void {
     if (this.timer) return;
     this.timer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -144,6 +161,7 @@ export class SwingEngine {
       clearInterval(this.timer);
       this.timer = null;
     }
+    this.precision.stop();
     // Binance tracker is external IO; stop it too.
     this.binanceRsi.stop();
   }
@@ -343,24 +361,18 @@ export class SwingEngine {
       if (Math.abs(position.positionAmt) > EPS) {
         return;
       }
-      await placeMarketOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        this.config.tradeAmount,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        false,
-        {
+      await placeMarketOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        amount: this.config.tradeAmount,
+        reduceOnly: false,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           expectedPrice: Number(this.tickerSnapshot?.lastPrice) || null,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       this.tradeLog.push("open", `${reason}: ${side} (market)`);
     } catch (err) {
       this.tradeLog.push("error", `Open failed: ${extractMessage(err)}`);
@@ -375,23 +387,17 @@ export class SwingEngine {
         side === "SELL"
           ? Number(this.depthSnapshot?.bids?.[0]?.[0])
           : Number(this.depthSnapshot?.asks?.[0]?.[0]);
-      await marketClose(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        Math.abs(position.positionAmt),
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        quantity: Math.abs(position.positionAmt),
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           expectedPrice: Number.isFinite(expected) ? expected : Number(this.tickerSnapshot?.lastPrice) || null,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       this.tradeLog.push("close", `${reason}: ${side} (market close)`);
     } catch (err) {
       if (isUnknownOrderError(err)) {
@@ -454,24 +460,19 @@ export class SwingEngine {
 
     try {
       const qty = Math.abs(position.positionAmt);
-      await placeStopLossOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        stopSide,
-        stopPrice,
-        qty,
-        lastPrice,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: stopSide,
+        stopPrice: stopPrice,
+        quantity: qty,
+        lastPrice: lastPrice,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       this.lastStopAttempt = { side: stopSide, price: stopPrice, at: Date.now() };
     } catch (err) {
       this.lastStopAttempt = { side: stopSide, price: stopPrice, at: Date.now() };
@@ -585,39 +586,4 @@ export class SwingEngine {
     );
   }
 
-  private syncPrecision(): void {
-    if (this.precisionSync) return;
-    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
-    if (!getPrecision) return;
-    this.precisionSync = getPrecision()
-      .then((precision) => {
-        if (!precision) return;
-        let updated = false;
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.priceTick) && precision.priceTick > 0) {
-          const delta = Math.abs(precision.priceTick - this.config.priceTick);
-          if (delta > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.qtyStep) && precision.qtyStep > 0) {
-          const delta = Math.abs(precision.qtyStep - this.config.qtyStep);
-          if (delta > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (updated) {
-          this.tradeLog.push(
-            "info",
-            `Synced precision: priceTick=${precision.priceTick} qtyStep=${precision.qtyStep}`
-          );
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", `Precision sync failed: ${extractMessage(error)}`);
-        this.precisionSync = null;
-        setTimeout(() => this.syncPrecision(), 2000);
-      });
-  }
 }

src/strategy/trend-engine.ts

@@ -25,14 +25,16 @@ import {
   placeTrailingStopOrder,
   unlockOperating,
 } from "../core/order-coordinator";
-import type { OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
+import type { OrderContext, OrderLockMap, OrderPendingMap, OrderTimerMap } from "../core/order-coordinator";
 import { extractMessage, isUnknownOrderError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { formatPriceToString } from "../utils/math";
 import { createTradeLog, type TradeLogEntry } from "../logging/trade-log";
 import { decryptCopyright } from "../utils/copyright";
 import { isRateLimitError } from "../utils/errors";
 import { RateLimitController } from "../core/lib/rate-limit";
+import type { TrendLabel } from "../utils/format";
 import { StrategyEventEmitter } from "./common/event-emitter";
+import { createPrecisionSyncer, type PrecisionSyncer } from "./common/precision-syncer";
 import { safeSubscribe, type LogHandler } from "./common/subscriptions";
 import { SessionVolumeTracker } from "./common/session-volume";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ export interface TrendEngineSnapshot {
   lastPrice: number | null;
   sma30: number | null;
   bollingerBandwidth: number | null;
-  trend: "做多" | "做空" | "无信号";
+  trend: TrendLabel;
   position: PositionSnapshot;
   pnl: number;
   unrealized: number;
@@ -124,17 +126,33 @@ export class TrendEngine {
     .digest("hex");
 
   private readonly listeners = new Map<TrendEngineEvent, Set<TrendEngineListener>>();
-  private precisionSync: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  private readonly precision: PrecisionSyncer;
 
   constructor(private readonly config: TradingConfig, private readonly exchange: ExchangeAdapter) {
     this.tradeLog = createTradeLog(this.config.maxLogEntries);
     this.rateLimit = new RateLimitController(this.config.pollIntervalMs, (type, detail) =>
       this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
     );
-    this.syncPrecision();
+    this.precision = createPrecisionSyncer(this.exchange, this.config, this.config.qtyStep, (type, detail) =>
+      this.tradeLog.push(type, detail)
+    );
+    this.precision.start();
     this.bootstrap();
   }
 
+  /** Bundles the fixed order-routing state; rebuilt lazily on first use. */
+  private get orderContext(): OrderContext {
+    return (this.orderContextCache ??= {
+      adapter: this.exchange,
+      symbol: this.config.symbol,
+      locks: this.locks,
+      timers: this.timers,
+      pendings: this.pending,
+      log: (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
+    });
+  }
+  private orderContextCache: OrderContext | null = null;
+
   start(): void {
     if (this.timer) return;
     this.timer = setInterval(() => {
@@ -147,6 +165,7 @@ export class TrendEngine {
       clearInterval(this.timer);
       this.timer = null;
     }
+    this.precision.stop();
   }
 
   on(event: TrendEngineEvent, handler: TrendEngineListener): void {
@@ -485,24 +504,18 @@ export class TrendEngine {
 
   private async submitMarketOrder(side: "BUY" | "SELL", price: number, reason: string): Promise<void> {
     try {
-      await placeMarketOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        this.config.tradeAmount,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        false,
-        {
+      await placeMarketOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        amount: this.config.tradeAmount,
+        reduceOnly: false,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol).markPrice,
           expectedPrice: Number(this.tickerSnapshot?.lastPrice) || null,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       this.tradeLog.push("open", `${reason}: ${side} @ ${price}`);
       this.lastOpenPlan = { side, price };
     } catch (err) {
@@ -743,17 +756,11 @@ export class TrendEngine {
             return { closed: false, pnl };
           }
         }
-        await marketClose(
-          this.exchange,
-          this.config.symbol,
-          this.openOrders,
-          this.locks,
-          this.timers,
-          this.pending,
-          direction === "long" ? "SELL" : "BUY",
-          Math.abs(position.positionAmt),
-          (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-          {
+        await marketClose(this.orderContext, {
+          openOrders: this.openOrders,
+          side: direction === "long" ? "SELL" : "BUY",
+          quantity: Math.abs(position.positionAmt),
+          guard: {
             markPrice: getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol).markPrice,
             expectedPrice: Number(
               direction === "long"
@@ -762,8 +769,8 @@ export class TrendEngine {
             ) || null,
             maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
           },
-          { qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-        );
+          qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+        });
         result.closed = true;
         this.tradeLog.push("close", t("log.trend.stopClose", { side: direction === "long" ? "SELL" : "BUY" }));
         // 记录止损时间以便短期内抑制再次入场
@@ -806,24 +813,19 @@ export class TrendEngine {
       if (quantity <= minQty) {
         return;
       }
-      await placeStopLossOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        stopPrice,
-        quantity,
-        lastPrice,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        stopPrice: stopPrice,
+        quantity: quantity,
+        lastPrice: lastPrice,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       this.lastStopAttempt = { side, price: stopPrice, at: Date.now() };
     } catch (err) {
       this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.trend.placeStopFail", { error: String(err) }));
@@ -866,24 +868,19 @@ export class TrendEngine {
       if (quantity <= minQty) {
         return;
       }
-      const order = await placeStopLossOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        nextStopPrice,
-        quantity,
-        lastPrice,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      const order = await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        stopPrice: nextStopPrice,
+        quantity: quantity,
+        lastPrice: lastPrice,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: position.markPrice,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
       if (order) {
         this.tradeLog.push(
           "stop",
@@ -909,24 +906,19 @@ export class TrendEngine {
           (side === "SELL" && existingStopPrice >= lastPrice) ||
           (side === "BUY" && existingStopPrice <= lastPrice);
         if (!restoreInvalid) {
-          const restored = await placeStopLossOrder(
-            this.exchange,
-            this.config.symbol,
-            this.openOrders,
-            this.locks,
-            this.timers,
-            this.pending,
-            side,
-            existingStopPrice,
-            quantity,
-            lastPrice,
-            (t, d) => this.tradeLog.push(t, d),
-            {
+          const restored = await placeStopLossOrder(this.orderContext, {
+            openOrders: this.openOrders,
+            side: side,
+            stopPrice: existingStopPrice,
+            quantity: quantity,
+            lastPrice: lastPrice,
+            guard: {
               markPrice: position.markPrice,
               maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
             },
-            { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-          );
+            priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+            qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+          });
           if (restored) {
             this.tradeLog.push(
               "order",
@@ -954,65 +946,24 @@ export class TrendEngine {
       return;
     }
     try {
-      await placeTrailingStopOrder(
-        this.exchange,
-        this.config.symbol,
-        this.openOrders,
-        this.locks,
-        this.timers,
-        this.pending,
-        side,
-        activationPrice,
-        quantity,
-        this.config.trailingCallbackRate,
-        (type, detail) => this.tradeLog.push(type, detail),
-        {
+      await placeTrailingStopOrder(this.orderContext, {
+        openOrders: this.openOrders,
+        side: side,
+        activationPrice: activationPrice,
+        quantity: quantity,
+        callbackRate: this.config.trailingCallbackRate,
+        guard: {
           markPrice: getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol).markPrice,
           maxPct: this.config.maxCloseSlippagePct,
         },
-        { priceTick: this.config.priceTick, qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep }
-      );
+        priceTick: this.config.priceTick,
+        qtyStep: this.config.qtyStep
+      });
     } catch (err) {
       this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.trend.trailingFail", { error: String(err) }));
     }
   }
 
-  private syncPrecision(): void {
-    if (this.precisionSync) return;
-    const getPrecision = this.exchange.getPrecision?.bind(this.exchange);
-    if (!getPrecision) return;
-    this.precisionSync = getPrecision()
-      .then((precision) => {
-        if (!precision) return;
-        let updated = false;
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.priceTick) && precision.priceTick > 0) {
-          const delta = Math.abs(precision.priceTick - this.config.priceTick);
-          if (delta > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.priceTick = precision.priceTick;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (Number.isFinite(precision.qtyStep) && precision.qtyStep > 0) {
-          const delta = Math.abs(precision.qtyStep - this.config.qtyStep);
-          if (delta > 1e-12) {
-            this.config.qtyStep = precision.qtyStep;
-            updated = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (updated) {
-          this.tradeLog.push(
-            "info",
-            t("log.trend.precisionSynced", { priceTick: precision.priceTick, qtyStep: precision.qtyStep })
-          );
-        }
-      })
-      .catch((error) => {
-        this.tradeLog.push("error", t("log.trend.precisionFailed", { error: extractMessage(error) }));
-        this.precisionSync = null;
-        setTimeout(() => this.syncPrecision(), 2000);
-      });
-  }
-
   private emitUpdate(): void {
     try {
       const snapshot = this.buildSnapshot();
@@ -1028,13 +979,14 @@ export class TrendEngine {
     const position = getPosition(this.accountSnapshot, this.config.symbol);
     const price = this.tickerSnapshot ? Number(this.tickerSnapshot.lastPrice) : null;
     const sma30 = this.lastSma30;
-    const trend = price == null || sma30 == null
-      ? "无信号"
-      : price > sma30
-      ? "做多"
-      : price < sma30
-      ? "做空"
-      : "无信号";
+    const trend: TrendLabel =
+      price == null || sma30 == null
+        ? "none"
+        : price > sma30
+          ? "long"
+          : price < sma30
+            ? "short"
+            : "none";
     const pnl = price != null ? computePositionPnl(position, price, price) : 0;
     return {
       ready: this.isReady(),

src/ui/App.tsx

@@ -9,93 +9,40 @@ import { OffsetMakerApp } from "./OffsetMakerApp";
 import { LiquidityMakerApp } from "./LiquidityMakerApp";
 import { GridApp } from "./GridApp";
 import { BasisApp } from "./BasisApp";
-import { isBasisStrategyEnabled } from "../config";
 import { loadCopyrightFragments, verifyCopyrightIntegrity } from "../utils/copyright";
 import { resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
+import { availableStrategies } from "../strategy/registry";
+import type { StrategyId } from "../strategy/strategy-ids";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
-interface StrategyOption {
-  id: "trend" | "swing" | "guardian" | "maker" | "maker-points" | "offset-maker" | "liquidity-maker" | "basis" | "grid";
-  label: string;
-  description: string;
-  component: React.ComponentType<{ onExit: () => void }>;
-}
+type StrategyView = React.ComponentType<{ onExit: () => void }>;
 
-const BASE_STRATEGIES: StrategyOption[] = [
-  {
-    id: "trend",
-    label: t("app.strategy.trend.label"),
-    description: t("app.strategy.trend.desc"),
-    component: TrendApp,
-  },
-  {
-    id: "swing",
-    label: t("app.strategy.swing.label"),
-    description: t("app.strategy.swing.desc"),
-    component: SwingApp,
-  },
-  {
-    id: "guardian",
-    label: t("app.strategy.guardian.label"),
-    description: t("app.strategy.guardian.desc"),
-    component: GuardianApp,
-  },
-  {
-    id: "maker",
-    label: t("app.strategy.maker.label"),
-    description: t("app.strategy.maker.desc"),
-    component: MakerApp,
-  },
-  {
-    id: "grid",
-    label: t("app.strategy.grid.label"),
-    description: t("app.strategy.grid.desc"),
-    component: GridApp,
-  },
-  {
-    id: "offset-maker",
-    label: t("app.strategy.offset.label"),
-    description: t("app.strategy.offset.desc"),
-    component: OffsetMakerApp,
-  },
-  {
-    id: "liquidity-maker",
-    label: t("app.strategy.liquidityMaker.label"),
-    description: t("app.strategy.liquidityMaker.desc"),
-    component: LiquidityMakerApp,
-  },
-];
+/**
+ * The only strategy knowledge the UI owns: which screen renders which engine.
+ * Typed as a total Record, so adding a strategy to the registry fails to compile
+ * here until it has a view.
+ */
+const STRATEGY_VIEWS: Record<StrategyId, StrategyView> = {
+  trend: TrendApp,
+  swing: SwingApp,
+  guardian: GuardianApp,
+  maker: MakerApp,
+  "maker-points": MakerPointsApp,
+  grid: GridApp,
+  "offset-maker": OffsetMakerApp,
+  "liquidity-maker": LiquidityMakerApp,
+  basis: BasisApp,
+};
 
 const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
 
 export function App() {
   const [cursor, setCursor] = useState(0);
-  const [selected, setSelected] = useState<StrategyOption | null>(null);
+  const [selected, setSelected] = useState<StrategyId | null>(null);
   const copyright = useMemo(() => loadCopyrightFragments(), []);
   const integrityOk = useMemo(() => verifyCopyrightIntegrity(), []);
   const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const strategies = useMemo(() => {
-    const next: StrategyOption[] = [...BASE_STRATEGIES];
-    if (exchangeId === "standx") {
-      const gridIndex = next.findIndex((s) => s.id === "grid");
-      const insertAt = gridIndex === -1 ? next.length : gridIndex;
-      next.splice(insertAt, 0, {
-        id: "maker-points" as const,
-        label: t("app.strategy.makerPoints.label"),
-        description: t("app.strategy.makerPoints.desc"),
-        component: MakerPointsApp,
-      });
-    }
-    if (isBasisStrategyEnabled()) {
-      next.push({
-        id: "basis" as const,
-        label: t("app.strategy.basis.label"),
-        description: t("app.strategy.basis.desc"),
-        component: BasisApp,
-      });
-    }
-    return next;
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const strategies = useMemo(() => availableStrategies(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
 
   useInput(
     (input, key) => {
@@ -107,7 +54,7 @@ export function App() {
       } else if (key.return) {
         const strategy = strategies[cursor];
         if (strategy) {
-          setSelected(strategy);
+          setSelected(strategy.id);
         }
       }
     },
@@ -115,7 +62,7 @@ export function App() {
   );
 
   if (selected) {
-    const Selected = selected.component;
+    const Selected = STRATEGY_VIEWS[selected];
     return <Selected onExit={() => setSelected(null)} />;
   }
 
@@ -136,9 +83,9 @@ export function App() {
           return (
             <Box key={strategy.id} flexDirection="column" marginBottom={1}>
               <Text color={active ? "greenBright" : undefined}>
-                {active ? "➤" : "  "} {strategy.label}
+                {active ? "➤" : "  "} {t(strategy.labelKey)}
               </Text>
-              <Text color="gray">    {strategy.description}</Text>
+              <Text color="gray">    {t(strategy.descriptionKey)}</Text>
             </Box>
           );
         })}

src/ui/BasisApp.tsx

@@ -1,59 +1,19 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
 import { basisConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, isBasisSupportedExchangeId, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { BasisArbEngine, type BasisArbSnapshot } from "../strategy/basis-arb-engine";
+import type { BasisArbSnapshot } from "../strategy/basis-arb-engine";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 interface BasisAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function BasisApp({ onExit }: BasisAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<BasisArbSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<BasisArbEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!isBasisSupportedExchangeId(exchangeId)) {
-      setError(new Error(t("basis.onlyAster")));
-      return;
-    }
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: basisConfig.futuresSymbol });
-      const engine = new BasisArbEngine(basisConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: BasisArbSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<BasisArbSnapshot>("basis", {
+    onExit
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/GridApp.tsx

@@ -1,61 +1,26 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
 import { gridConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { GridEngine, type GridEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/grid-engine";
+import type { GridEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/grid-engine";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 interface GridAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function GridApp({ onExit }: GridAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<GridEngineSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<GridEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: gridConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new GridEngine(gridConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: GridEngineSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({
-          ...next,
-          desiredOrders: [...next.desiredOrders],
-          gridLines: [...next.gridLines],
-          tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog],
-        });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<GridEngineSnapshot>("grid", {
+    onExit,
+    cloneSnapshot: (next) => ({
+      ...next,
+      desiredOrders: [...next.desiredOrders],
+      gridLines: [...next.gridLines],
+      tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog],
+    }),
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/GuardianApp.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
-import { tradingConfig } from "../config";
-import { resolveExchangeId, getExchangeDisplayName } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { GuardianEngine, type GuardianEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/guardian-engine";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
+import type { GuardianEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/guardian-engine";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 interface GuardianAppProps {
@@ -13,45 +11,10 @@ interface GuardianAppProps {
 }
 
 const READY_MESSAGE = t("guardian.readyMessage");
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function GuardianApp({ onExit }: GuardianAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<GuardianEngineSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<GuardianEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: tradingConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new GuardianEngine(tradingConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: GuardianEngineSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<GuardianEngineSnapshot>("guardian", {
+    onExit
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/LiquidityMakerApp.tsx

@@ -1,56 +1,19 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
-import { liquidityMakerConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { LiquidityMakerEngine, type LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/liquidity-maker-engine";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
+import type { LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/liquidity-maker-engine";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 interface LiquidityMakerAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function LiquidityMakerApp({ onExit }: LiquidityMakerAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<LiquidityMakerEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: liquidityMakerConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new LiquidityMakerEngine(liquidityMakerConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<LiquidityMakerEngineSnapshot>("liquidity-maker", {
+    onExit
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/MakerApp.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
-import { makerConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { MakerEngine, type MakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/maker-engine";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
+import { type MakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/maker-engine";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
@@ -12,45 +10,8 @@ interface MakerAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function MakerApp({ onExit }: MakerAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<MakerEngineSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<MakerEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: makerConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new MakerEngine(makerConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: MakerEngineSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<MakerEngineSnapshot>("maker", { onExit });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/MakerPointsApp.tsx

@@ -1,59 +1,19 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
-import { makerPointsConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { MakerPointsEngine, type MakerPointsSnapshot } from "../strategy/maker-points-engine";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
+import type { MakerPointsSnapshot } from "../strategy/maker-points-engine";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 interface MakerPointsAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function MakerPointsApp({ onExit }: MakerPointsAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<MakerPointsSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<MakerPointsEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      if (exchangeId !== "standx") {
-        throw new Error("Maker Points strategy only supports the StandX exchange.");
-      }
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: makerPointsConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new MakerPointsEngine(makerPointsConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: MakerPointsSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<MakerPointsSnapshot>("maker-points", {
+    onExit
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/OffsetMakerApp.tsx

@@ -1,56 +1,19 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
-import { makerConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { OffsetMakerEngine, type OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/offset-maker-engine";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
+import type { OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/offset-maker-engine";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 interface OffsetMakerAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function OffsetMakerApp({ onExit }: OffsetMakerAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<OffsetMakerEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: makerConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new OffsetMakerEngine(makerConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<OffsetMakerEngineSnapshot>("offset-maker", {
+    onExit
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/SwingApp.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
-import { swingConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { SwingEngine, type SwingEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/swing-engine";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
+import type { SwingEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/swing-engine";
 import { formatNumber } from "../utils/format";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 const READY_MESSAGE = t("swing.readyMessage");
@@ -14,45 +12,11 @@ interface SwingAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function SwingApp({ onExit }: SwingAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<SwingEngineSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<SwingEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (_input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: swingConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new SwingEngine(swingConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: SwingEngineSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog], openOrders: [...next.openOrders] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<SwingEngineSnapshot>("swing", {
+    onExit,
+    cloneSnapshot: (next) => ({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog], openOrders: [...next.openOrders] }),
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/TrendApp.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { Box, Text, useInput } from "ink";
-import { tradingConfig } from "../config";
-import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
-import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
-import { TrendEngine, type TrendEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/trend-engine";
+import React from "react";
+import { Box, Text } from "ink";
+import type { TrendEngineSnapshot } from "../strategy/trend-engine";
 import { formatNumber, formatTrendLabel } from "../utils/format";
 import { DataTable, type TableColumn } from "./components/DataTable";
+import { useStrategyEngine } from "./useStrategyEngine";
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 const READY_MESSAGE = t("trend.readyMessage");
@@ -14,45 +12,10 @@ interface TrendAppProps {
   onExit: () => void;
 }
 
-const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
-
 export function TrendApp({ onExit }: TrendAppProps) {
-  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<TrendEngineSnapshot | null>(null);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
-  const engineRef = useRef<TrendEngine | null>(null);
-  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
-  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
-
-  useInput(
-    (input, key) => {
-      if (key.escape) {
-        engineRef.current?.stop();
-        onExit();
-      }
-    },
-    { isActive: inputSupported }
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    try {
-      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: tradingConfig.symbol });
-      const engine = new TrendEngine(tradingConfig, adapter);
-      engineRef.current = engine;
-      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
-      const handler = (next: TrendEngineSnapshot) => {
-        setSnapshot({ ...next, tradeLog: [...next.tradeLog] });
-      };
-      engine.on("update", handler);
-      engine.start();
-      return () => {
-        engine.off("update", handler);
-        engine.stop();
-      };
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error(err);
-      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
-    }
-  }, [exchangeId]);
+  const { snapshot, error, exchangeName } = useStrategyEngine<TrendEngineSnapshot>("trend", {
+    onExit
+  });
 
   if (error) {
     return (

src/ui/useStrategyEngine.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useInput } from "ink";
+import { getExchangeDisplayName, resolveExchangeId } from "../exchanges/create-adapter";
+import { buildAdapterFromEnv } from "../exchanges/resolve-from-env";
+import {
+  getStrategyDefinition,
+  strategyUnavailableReason,
+  type StrategyEngine,
+  type StrategySnapshot,
+} from "../strategy/registry";
+import type { StrategyId } from "../strategy/strategy-ids";
+
+const inputSupported = Boolean(process.stdin && (process.stdin as any).isTTY);
+
+export interface UseStrategyEngineOptions<TSnapshot extends StrategySnapshot> {
+  /** Called when the user presses Escape, after the engine is stopped. */
+  onExit: () => void;
+  /**
+   * Copies the mutable parts of a snapshot so React sees a new value. Defaults to
+   * a shallow copy with a fresh tradeLog; screens that render other engine-owned
+   * arrays must copy those too.
+   */
+  cloneSnapshot?: (snapshot: TSnapshot) => TSnapshot;
+}
+
+export interface UseStrategyEngineResult<TSnapshot extends StrategySnapshot> {
+  snapshot: TSnapshot | null;
+  error: Error | null;
+  exchangeName: string;
+}
+
+function defaultClone<TSnapshot extends StrategySnapshot>(snapshot: TSnapshot): TSnapshot {
+  return { ...snapshot, tradeLog: [...snapshot.tradeLog] };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Owns a strategy engine for the lifetime of a screen: builds the adapter, wires
+ * the update subscription into React state, stops the engine on unmount or Escape.
+ *
+ * Availability is read from the registry, so a screen cannot disagree with the
+ * menu or the CLI about where its strategy may run.
+ */
+export function useStrategyEngine<TSnapshot extends StrategySnapshot>(
+  strategyId: StrategyId,
+  options: UseStrategyEngineOptions<TSnapshot>
+): UseStrategyEngineResult<TSnapshot> {
+  const { onExit, cloneSnapshot } = options;
+  const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<TSnapshot | null>(null);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
+  const engineRef = useRef<StrategyEngine<TSnapshot> | null>(null);
+  const exchangeId = useMemo(() => resolveExchangeId(), []);
+  const exchangeName = useMemo(() => getExchangeDisplayName(exchangeId), [exchangeId]);
+
+  const cloneRef = useRef(cloneSnapshot);
+  cloneRef.current = cloneSnapshot;
+
+  useInput(
+    (_input, key) => {
+      if (key.escape) {
+        engineRef.current?.stop();
+        onExit();
+      }
+    },
+    { isActive: inputSupported }
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const blocked = strategyUnavailableReason(strategyId, exchangeId);
+    if (blocked) {
+      setError(new Error(blocked));
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      const definition = getStrategyDefinition(strategyId);
+      const adapter = buildAdapterFromEnv({ exchangeId, symbol: definition.symbol() });
+      const engine = definition.createEngine(adapter) as StrategyEngine<TSnapshot>;
+      engineRef.current = engine;
+      setSnapshot(engine.getSnapshot());
+
+      const handler = (next: TSnapshot) => {
+        setSnapshot((cloneRef.current ?? defaultClone)(next));
+      };
+      engine.on("update", handler);
+      engine.start();
+      return () => {
+        engine.off("update", handler);
+        engine.stop();
+        engineRef.current = null;
+      };
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error(err);
+      setError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err)));
+      return;
+    }
+  }, [exchangeId, strategyId]);
+
+  return { snapshot, error, exchangeName };
+}

src/utils/format.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import { t } from "../i18n";
 
-export type TrendLabel = "做多" | "做空" | "无信号";
+/** Direction the trend engine reports; a domain value, not display text. */
+export type TrendLabel = "long" | "short" | "none";
 
 export function formatTrendLabel(trend: TrendLabel): string {
-  if (trend === "做多") return t("trend.label.long");
-  if (trend === "做空") return t("trend.label.short");
+  if (trend === "long") return t("trend.label.long");
+  if (trend === "short") return t("trend.label.short");
   return t("trend.label.none");
 }
 

src/utils/standx-token-expiry.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { isStandxTokenExpired, getStandxTokenExpiryInfo, standxTokenConfig } from "../config";
+import { t } from "../i18n";
 
 export type TokenExpiryState = "active" | "expired" | "expired_with_position" | "silent";
 
@@ -68,18 +69,18 @@ export function formatTokenExpiryMessage(status: TokenExpiryStatus): string | nu
   if (!status.expired) {
     if (status.remainingMs != null && status.remainingMs < 3600_000) {
       const mins = Math.ceil(status.remainingMs / 60_000);
-      return `StandX Token 将在 ${mins} 分钟后过期`;
+      return t("token.expiringSoon", { minutes: mins });
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   switch (status.state) {
     case "expired":
-      return "StandX Token 已过期，正在取消所有挂单";
+      return t("token.expiredCancelling");
     case "expired_with_position":
-      return "StandX Token 已过期，仅保留平仓/止损逻辑";
+      return t("token.expiredWithPosition");
     case "silent":
-      return "StandX Token 已过期，进入静默数据接收模式";
+      return t("token.expiredSilent");
     default:
       return null;
   }

tests/binance-depth-health-integration.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
 import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "../src/exchanges/adapter";
 import type { AccountSnapshot, Depth, Kline, Order, Ticker } from "../src/exchanges/types";
 import { MakerPointsEngine } from "../src/strategy/maker-points-engine";
@@ -103,7 +104,11 @@ describe("MakerPointsEngine Binance depth health defense", () => {
     expect((engine as any).defenseMode).toBe(true);
 
     const logs = ((engine as any).tradeLog.all() as Array<{ detail: string }>).map((entry) => entry.detail);
-    expect(logs.some((detail) => detail.includes("Binance簿记异常(orderbook_not_ready)"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      logs.some((detail) =>
+        detail.includes(t("defense.reason.binanceBook", { reason: "orderbook_not_ready" }))
+      )
+    ).toBe(true);
 
     engine.stop();
   });

tests/i18n-coverage.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { readFileSync, readdirSync, statSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
+
+const SRC = join(import.meta.dirname, "..", "src");
+const I18N_FILE = join(SRC, "i18n", "index.ts");
+
+function walk(dir: string, out: string[] = []): string[] {
+  for (const entry of readdirSync(dir)) {
+    const full = join(dir, entry);
+    if (statSync(full).isDirectory()) {
+      walk(full, out);
+    } else if (/\.tsx?$/.test(entry)) {
+      out.push(full);
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** A string or template literal containing a CJK character. */
+const CJK_IN_LITERAL = /["`][^"`\n]*[一-龥][^"`\n]*["`]/;
+
+describe("i18n coverage", () => {
+  it("keeps user-facing text out of source files", () => {
+    // Chinese literals outside the translation table cannot be shown in English,
+    // which is how the order log, grid events and defense alerts stayed
+    // untranslatable for so long.
+    const offenders: string[] = [];
+    for (const file of walk(SRC)) {
+      if (file === I18N_FILE) continue;
+      if (file.endsWith(".test.ts") || file.endsWith(".test.tsx")) continue;
+      const lines = readFileSync(file, "utf8").split("\n");
+      lines.forEach((line, index) => {
+        if (line.trimStart().startsWith("//") || line.trimStart().startsWith("*")) return;
+        if (CJK_IN_LITERAL.test(line)) {
+          offenders.push(`${file.slice(SRC.length + 1)}:${index + 1}  ${line.trim()}`);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    expect(offenders).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("gives every key both a zh and an en translation", () => {
+    const source = readFileSync(I18N_FILE, "utf8");
+    const table = source.slice(
+      source.indexOf("const translations"),
+      source.indexOf("const formatTemplate")
+    );
+    const keys = [...table.matchAll(/^ {2}"([\w.]+)":/gm)].map((m) => m[1]!);
+    expect(keys.length).toBeGreaterThan(400);
+
+    const duplicates = keys.filter((key, index) => keys.indexOf(key) !== index);
+    expect(duplicates).toEqual([]);
+
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      expect(t(key, {}, "zh"), `${key} missing zh`).not.toBe(key);
+      expect(t(key, {}, "en"), `${key} missing en`).not.toBe(key);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("substitutes placeholders in both languages", () => {
+    expect(t("log.order.closePlaced", { side: "BUY" }, "zh")).toContain("BUY");
+    expect(t("log.order.closePlaced", { side: "BUY" }, "en")).toContain("BUY");
+    expect(t("log.order.closePlaced", { side: "BUY" }, "en")).not.toContain("{side}");
+  });
+
+  it("leaves an unknown placeholder visible rather than printing undefined", () => {
+    expect(t("log.order.closePlaced", {}, "en")).toContain("{side}");
+  });
+});

tests/isolated-margin-guard.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { IsolatedMarginGuard } from "../src/strategy/common/isolated-margin-guard";
+import type { AccountSnapshot } from "../src/exchanges/types";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
+
+const SYMBOL = "BTC-USD";
+
+function snapshotWithMode(mode: string | null): AccountSnapshot {
+  return {
+    positions: [{ symbol: SYMBOL, ...(mode ? { marginType: mode } : {}) }],
+  } as unknown as AccountSnapshot;
+}
+
+function makeGuard(options: {
+  enabled?: boolean;
+  initialMode?: string | null;
+  /** Modes the account reports on successive polls. */
+  polledModes?: Array<string | null>;
+  changeMarginMode?: (params: { symbol: string; marginMode: "isolated" | "cross" }) => Promise<void>;
+  omitCapabilities?: boolean;
+} = {}) {
+  const logs: Array<[string, string]> = [];
+  let current = snapshotWithMode("initialMode" in options ? options.initialMode! : "cross");
+  const polled = [...(options.polledModes ?? [])];
+  const queryAccountSnapshot = vi.fn(async () => snapshotWithMode(polled.shift() ?? "cross"));
+  const changeMarginMode = vi.fn(options.changeMarginMode ?? (async () => {}));
+
+  const guard = new IsolatedMarginGuard({
+    symbol: SYMBOL,
+    enabled: options.enabled ?? true,
+    log: (type, detail) => logs.push([type, detail]),
+    currentSnapshot: () => current,
+    changeMarginMode: options.omitCapabilities ? undefined : changeMarginMode,
+    queryAccountSnapshot: options.omitCapabilities ? undefined : queryAccountSnapshot,
+    applySnapshot: (next) => {
+      current = next;
+    },
+    // No real waiting in tests.
+    sleep: async () => {},
+  });
+  return { guard, logs, changeMarginMode, queryAccountSnapshot };
+}
+
+describe("IsolatedMarginGuard", () => {
+  it("is inert on venues without a per-symbol margin mode", async () => {
+    const { guard, changeMarginMode } = makeGuard({ enabled: false });
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(true);
+    expect(guard.currentMode()).toBeNull();
+    expect(changeMarginMode).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("does nothing when already isolated", async () => {
+    const { guard, changeMarginMode } = makeGuard({ initialMode: "isolated" });
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(true);
+    expect(changeMarginMode).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("normalises the reported mode", async () => {
+    const { guard } = makeGuard({ initialMode: "  ISOLATED  " });
+    expect(guard.currentMode()).toBe("isolated");
+  });
+
+  it("reports an unknown mode as null", async () => {
+    const { guard } = makeGuard({ initialMode: null });
+    expect(guard.currentMode()).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("switches and confirms through a snapshot poll", async () => {
+    const { guard, logs, changeMarginMode } = makeGuard({
+      initialMode: "cross",
+      polledModes: ["cross", "isolated"],
+    });
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(true);
+    expect(changeMarginMode).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ symbol: SYMBOL, marginMode: "isolated" });
+    expect(logs.some(([, detail]) => detail === t("log.margin.switched"))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("gives up after the confirm attempts run out", async () => {
+    const { guard, logs, queryAccountSnapshot } = makeGuard({ polledModes: [] });
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(false);
+    expect(queryAccountSnapshot).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(10);
+    expect(logs.some(([type]) => type === "warn")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("reports failure when the venue rejects the change", async () => {
+    const { guard, logs } = makeGuard({
+      changeMarginMode: async () => {
+        throw new Error("rejected");
+      },
+    });
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(false);
+    expect(logs.some(([type]) => type === "error")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false when the adapter cannot change margin mode", async () => {
+    const { guard } = makeGuard({ omitCapabilities: true });
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("shares one in-flight switch across concurrent ticks", async () => {
+    let release!: () => void;
+    const gate = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      release = resolve;
+    });
+    const { guard, changeMarginMode } = makeGuard({
+      polledModes: ["isolated"],
+      changeMarginMode: async () => {
+        await gate;
+      },
+    });
+
+    const first = guard.ensureIsolated();
+    // A tick arriving mid-switch must not fire a second change request.
+    const second = await guard.ensureIsolated();
+    expect(second).toBe(false);
+    release();
+    expect(await first).toBe(true);
+    expect(changeMarginMode).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("allows a fresh attempt after the previous one settles", async () => {
+    const { guard, changeMarginMode } = makeGuard({ polledModes: [] });
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(false);
+    expect(await guard.ensureIsolated()).toBe(false);
+    expect(changeMarginMode).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+});

tests/lighter/signer.test.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ describe("LighterSigner", () => {
       expect(signed.txHash.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
     }
     expect(typeof signed.signature).toBe("string");
-    expect(signed.signature.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(signed.signature?.length ?? 0).toBeGreaterThan(0);
   });
 });

tests/maker-points-defense-rest.test.ts

@@ -60,10 +60,11 @@ describe("MakerPointsEngine defense-mode REST polling", () => {
         price: "100",
         origQty: "1",
         executedQty: "0",
+        stopPrice: "0",
         time: Date.now(),
         updateTime: Date.now(),
-        reduceOnly: "false",
-        closePosition: "false",
+        reduceOnly: false,
+        closePosition: false,
       },
     ];
 

tests/order-coordinator.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterAll } from "vitest";
 import type { ExchangeAdapter } from "../src/exchanges/adapter";
 import type { Order } from "../src/exchanges/types";
-import type { OrderLockMap, OrderTimerMap, OrderPendingMap } from "../src/core/order-coordinator";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
+import type {
+  OrderContext,
+  OrderLockMap,
+  OrderPendingMap,
+  OrderTimerMap,
+} from "../src/core/order-coordinator";
 import {
   deduplicateOrders,
   placeOrder,
@@ -60,132 +66,81 @@ describe("order-coordinator", () => {
     process.env.EXCHANGE = originalExchange;
   });
 
-  it("deduplicates orders by type and side", async () => {
+  /** One order context plus handles on the pieces the assertions poke at. */
+  function createContext() {
     const adapter = createMockExchange();
     const locks: OrderLockMap = {};
     const timers: OrderTimerMap = {};
     const pending: OrderPendingMap = {};
     const log = vi.fn();
+    const ctx: OrderContext = { adapter, symbol: "BTCUSDT", locks, timers, pendings: pending, log };
+    return { ctx, adapter, locks, timers, pending, log };
+  }
+
+  it("deduplicates orders by type and side", async () => {
+    const { ctx, adapter, log } = createContext();
     const openOrders: Order[] = [
       { ...baseOrder, orderId: 1 },
       { ...baseOrder, orderId: 2 },
     ];
-    await deduplicateOrders(adapter, "BTCUSDT", openOrders, locks, timers, pending, "LIMIT", "BUY", log);
+    await deduplicateOrders(ctx, openOrders, "LIMIT", "BUY");
     expect(adapter.cancelOrders).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ symbol: "BTCUSDT", orderIdList: [2] });
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("order", expect.stringContaining("去重撤销重复"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("order", t("log.order.dedupeCancelled", { type: "LIMIT", ids: "2" }));
   });
 
   it("places limit orders and records pending id", async () => {
-    const adapter = createMockExchange();
-    const locks: OrderLockMap = {};
-    const timers: OrderTimerMap = {};
-    const pending: OrderPendingMap = {};
-    const log = vi.fn();
-    await placeOrder(
-      adapter,
-      "BTCUSDT",
-      [],
-      locks,
-      timers,
-      pending,
-      "BUY",
-      100,
-      1,
-      log,
-      false
-    );
+    const { ctx, adapter, pending } = createContext();
+    await placeOrder(ctx, { openOrders: [], side: "BUY", price: "100", amount: 1, reduceOnly: false });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(pending.MARKET).toBeUndefined();
     expect(pending.LIMIT).toBe(String(baseOrder.orderId));
   });
 
   it("places market order and unlocks after completion", async () => {
-    const adapter = createMockExchange();
-    const locks: OrderLockMap = {};
-    const timers: OrderTimerMap = {};
-    const pending: OrderPendingMap = {};
-    const log = vi.fn();
-    await placeMarketOrder(
-      adapter,
-      "BTCUSDT",
-      [],
-      locks,
-      timers,
-      pending,
-      "SELL",
-      1,
-      log,
-      true
-    );
+    const { ctx, adapter, pending } = createContext();
+    await placeMarketOrder(ctx, { openOrders: [], side: "SELL", amount: 1, reduceOnly: true });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(pending.MARKET).toBe(String(baseOrder.orderId));
   });
 
   it("places stop loss order only when valid", async () => {
-    const adapter = createMockExchange();
-    const locks: OrderLockMap = {};
-    const timers: OrderTimerMap = {};
-    const pending: OrderPendingMap = {};
-    const log = vi.fn();
-    await placeStopLossOrder(
-      adapter,
-      "BTCUSDT",
-      [],
-      locks,
-      timers,
-      pending,
-      "SELL",
-      99,
-      1,
-      100,
-      log
-    );
+    const { ctx, adapter, log } = createContext();
+    await placeStopLossOrder(ctx, {
+      openOrders: [],
+      side: "SELL",
+      stopPrice: 99,
+      quantity: 1,
+      lastPrice: 100,
+    });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("stop", expect.stringContaining("STOP_MARKET"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("stop", t("log.order.stopPlaced", { side: "SELL", stopPrice: 99 }));
   });
 
   it("places trailing stop order", async () => {
-    const adapter = createMockExchange();
-    const locks: OrderLockMap = {};
-    const timers: OrderTimerMap = {};
-    const pending: OrderPendingMap = {};
-    const log = vi.fn();
-    await placeTrailingStopOrder(
-      adapter,
-      "BTCUSDT",
-      [],
-      locks,
-      timers,
-      pending,
-      "SELL",
-      101,
-      1,
-      0.2,
-      log
-    );
+    const { ctx, adapter, log } = createContext();
+    await placeTrailingStopOrder(ctx, {
+      openOrders: [],
+      side: "SELL",
+      activationPrice: 101,
+      quantity: 1,
+      callbackRate: 0.2,
+    });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("order", expect.stringContaining("挂动态止盈单"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "order",
+      t("log.order.trailingPlaced", { side: "SELL", activation: 101, callbackRate: 0.2 })
+    );
   });
 
   it("market close cancels open orders before placing close order", async () => {
-    const adapter = createMockExchange();
-    const locks: OrderLockMap = {};
-    const timers: OrderTimerMap = {};
-    const pending: OrderPendingMap = {};
-    const log = vi.fn();
-    await marketClose(
-      adapter,
-      "BTCUSDT",
-      [{ ...baseOrder, orderId: 2 }],
-      locks,
-      timers,
-      pending,
-      "SELL",
-      1,
-      log
-    );
+    const { ctx, adapter, log } = createContext();
+    await marketClose(ctx, {
+      openOrders: [{ ...baseOrder, orderId: 2 }],
+      side: "SELL",
+      quantity: 1,
+    });
     expect(adapter.createOrder).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("close", expect.stringContaining("市价平仓"));
+    expect(log).toHaveBeenCalledWith("close", t("log.order.closePlaced", { side: "SELL" }));
   });
 
   it("unlockOperating clears timers and pending", () => {

tests/precision-syncer.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { PrecisionSyncer } from "../src/strategy/common/precision-syncer";
+import type { ExchangeAdapter, ExchangePrecision } from "../src/exchanges/adapter";
+
+function makeExchange(getPrecision?: () => Promise<ExchangePrecision | null>): ExchangeAdapter {
+  return { id: "stub", getPrecision } as unknown as ExchangeAdapter;
+}
+
+const MESSAGES = {
+  synced: (p: ExchangePrecision) => `synced ${p.priceTick}/${p.qtyStep}`,
+  failed: (error: unknown) => `failed ${String(error)}`,
+};
+
+describe("PrecisionSyncer", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it("seeds from config and writes exchange precision through to config", async () => {
+    const config = { priceTick: 0.1, qtyStep: 0.001 };
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(async () => ({ priceTick: 0.01, qtyStep: 0.1 })),
+      config,
+      { priceTick: config.priceTick, qtyStep: config.qtyStep },
+      () => {},
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.1);
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.01));
+
+    expect(syncer.qtyStep).toBe(0.1);
+    expect(config.priceTick).toBe(0.01);
+    expect(config.qtyStep).toBe(0.1);
+  });
+
+  it("logs only when an increment actually moves", async () => {
+    const logs: string[] = [];
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(async () => ({ priceTick: 0.1, qtyStep: 0.001 })),
+      { priceTick: 0.1, qtyStep: 0.001 },
+      { priceTick: 0.1, qtyStep: 0.001 },
+      (_type, detail) => logs.push(detail),
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.1));
+    expect(logs).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores non-positive increments from the exchange", async () => {
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(async () => ({ priceTick: 0, qtyStep: Number.NaN })),
+      { priceTick: 0.5, qtyStep: 0.25 },
+      { priceTick: 0.5, qtyStep: 0.25 },
+      () => {},
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.5));
+    expect(syncer.qtyStep).toBe(0.25);
+  });
+
+  it("retries after a failure until the exchange answers", async () => {
+    let attempts = 0;
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(async () => {
+        attempts += 1;
+        if (attempts === 1) throw new Error("boom");
+        return { priceTick: 0.05, qtyStep: 0.5 };
+      }),
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      () => {},
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(attempts).toBe(1));
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2000);
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.05));
+  });
+
+  it("stop() cancels the pending retry so a dead engine stops polling", async () => {
+    let attempts = 0;
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(async () => {
+        attempts += 1;
+        throw new Error("boom");
+      }),
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      () => {},
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(attempts).toBe(1));
+    syncer.stop();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(10_000);
+    expect(attempts).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("start() is idempotent while a sync is in flight", async () => {
+    let attempts = 0;
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(async () => {
+        attempts += 1;
+        return { priceTick: 0.2, qtyStep: 0.2 };
+      }),
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      () => {},
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    syncer.start();
+    syncer.start();
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.2));
+    expect(attempts).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("refresh() refetches after a completed sync", async () => {
+    let tick = 0.2;
+    let attempts = 0;
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(async () => {
+        attempts += 1;
+        return { priceTick: tick, qtyStep: 1 };
+      }),
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      { priceTick: 1, qtyStep: 1 },
+      () => {},
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.2));
+    tick = 0.4;
+    syncer.refresh();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.4));
+    expect(attempts).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("is inert when the adapter cannot report precision", async () => {
+    const syncer = new PrecisionSyncer(
+      makeExchange(undefined),
+      { priceTick: 0.3, qtyStep: 0.3 },
+      { priceTick: 0.3, qtyStep: 0.3 },
+      () => {},
+      MESSAGES
+    );
+
+    syncer.start();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5000);
+    expect(syncer.priceTick).toBe(0.3);
+  });
+});

tests/reconnect-scheduler.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import {
+  ReconnectScheduler,
+  exponentialBackoff,
+  fixedBackoff,
+  linearBackoff,
+} from "../src/exchanges/reconnect-scheduler";
+
+describe("backoff policies", () => {
+  it("fixed returns the same delay every attempt", () => {
+    const policy = fixedBackoff(3000);
+    expect([1, 2, 5].map(policy)).toEqual([3000, 3000, 3000]);
+  });
+
+  it("exponential doubles from the base and caps", () => {
+    const policy = exponentialBackoff(1000, 8000);
+    expect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5].map(policy)).toEqual([1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 8000]);
+  });
+
+  it("linear grows by the base and caps", () => {
+    const policy = linearBackoff(2000, 30_000);
+    expect([1, 2, 3, 20].map(policy)).toEqual([2000, 4000, 6000, 30_000]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("ReconnectScheduler", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.useFakeTimers());
+  afterEach(() => vi.useRealTimers());
+
+  it("reconnects after the backoff delay", async () => {
+    const connect = vi.fn();
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({ connect, backoff: fixedBackoff(1000) });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    expect(connect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+    expect(connect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("collapses repeated schedule() calls into one pending attempt", async () => {
+    const connect = vi.fn();
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({ connect, backoff: fixedBackoff(1000) });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    expect(scheduler.pending).toBe(true);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+    expect(connect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("grows the delay across consecutive failures", async () => {
+    const delays: number[] = [];
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({
+      connect: async () => {
+        throw new Error("refused");
+      },
+      backoff: exponentialBackoff(1000, 60_000),
+      onSchedule: (delay) => delays.push(delay),
+    });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2000);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(4000);
+    expect(delays.slice(0, 3)).toEqual([1000, 2000, 4000]);
+  });
+
+  it("resets the backoff once the socket opens", async () => {
+    const delays: number[] = [];
+    let failing = true;
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({
+      connect: async () => {
+        if (failing) throw new Error("refused");
+      },
+      backoff: exponentialBackoff(1000, 60_000),
+      onSchedule: (delay) => delays.push(delay),
+    });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2000);
+    expect(scheduler.attemptCount).toBe(2);
+
+    // A successful open must clear the counter, or the next transient blip
+    // would wait as long as the last outage did.
+    failing = false;
+    scheduler.onConnected();
+    expect(scheduler.attemptCount).toBe(0);
+
+    delays.length = 0;
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    expect(delays[0]).toBe(1000);
+  });
+
+  it("reports a synchronous connect failure and retries", async () => {
+    const errors: unknown[] = [];
+    let calls = 0;
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({
+      connect: () => {
+        calls += 1;
+        if (calls === 1) throw new Error("boom");
+      },
+      backoff: fixedBackoff(500),
+      onError: (error) => errors.push(error),
+    });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(500);
+    expect(errors).toHaveLength(1);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(500);
+    expect(calls).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("honours shouldReconnect", async () => {
+    const connect = vi.fn();
+    let running = false;
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({
+      connect,
+      backoff: fixedBackoff(100),
+      shouldReconnect: () => running,
+    });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100);
+    expect(connect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    running = true;
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100);
+    expect(connect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("cancel() drops the pending attempt but keeps the scheduler usable", async () => {
+    const connect = vi.fn();
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({ connect, backoff: fixedBackoff(100) });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    scheduler.cancel();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+    expect(connect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100);
+    expect(connect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("stop() is permanent", async () => {
+    const connect = vi.fn();
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({ connect, backoff: fixedBackoff(100) });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    scheduler.stop();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
+    expect(connect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("does not reconnect when the timer fires after stop()", async () => {
+    const connect = vi.fn();
+    const scheduler = new ReconnectScheduler({ connect, backoff: fixedBackoff(100) });
+
+    scheduler.schedule();
+    scheduler.stop();
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(500);
+    expect(connect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

tests/strategy-registry.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS,
+  availableStrategies,
+  getStrategyDefinition,
+  strategyUnavailableReason,
+} from "../src/strategy/registry";
+import { STRATEGY_IDS, isStrategyId, parseStrategyId } from "../src/strategy/strategy-ids";
+
+describe("strategy ids", () => {
+  it("resolves canonical ids and documented aliases", () => {
+    expect(parseStrategyId("trend")).toBe("trend");
+    expect(parseStrategyId("  GRID  ")).toBe("grid");
+    expect(parseStrategyId("offset")).toBe("offset-maker");
+    expect(parseStrategyId("offsetmaker")).toBe("offset-maker");
+    expect(parseStrategyId("makerpoints")).toBe("maker-points");
+    expect(parseStrategyId("maker_points")).toBe("maker-points");
+    expect(parseStrategyId("liquidity")).toBe("liquidity-maker");
+    expect(parseStrategyId("liquidity_maker")).toBe("liquidity-maker");
+  });
+
+  it("rejects unknown names", () => {
+    expect(parseStrategyId("nope")).toBeNull();
+    expect(parseStrategyId("")).toBeNull();
+    expect(isStrategyId("nope")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("strategy registry", () => {
+  it("defines every id exactly once, in menu order", () => {
+    expect(STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS.map((d) => d.id)).toEqual([...STRATEGY_IDS]);
+    expect(new Set(STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS.map((d) => d.id)).size).toBe(STRATEGY_IDS.length);
+  });
+
+  it("gives every strategy a console label and i18n keys", () => {
+    for (const definition of STRATEGY_DEFINITIONS) {
+      expect(definition.consoleLabel).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(definition.labelKey).toMatch(/^app\.strategy\./);
+      expect(definition.descriptionKey).toMatch(/^app\.strategy\./);
+      expect(typeof definition.symbol()).toBe("string");
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("gates maker-points to StandX", () => {
+    expect(strategyUnavailableReason("maker-points", "standx")).toBeNull();
+    expect(strategyUnavailableReason("maker-points", "aster")).toContain("StandX");
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the menu and the CLI on one availability rule", () => {
+    // The menu shows exactly what startStrategy would accept — the two used to
+    // disagree, so basis appeared on exchanges where the runner then threw.
+    for (const exchangeId of ["aster", "standx", "backpack"] as const) {
+      const shown = availableStrategies(exchangeId).map((d) => d.id);
+      const runnable = STRATEGY_IDS.filter((id) => strategyUnavailableReason(id, exchangeId) == null);
+      expect(shown).toEqual(runnable);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("hides strategies whose environment gate is closed", () => {
+    const shown = availableStrategies("backpack").map((d) => d.id);
+    expect(shown).not.toContain("maker-points");
+  });
+
+  it("exposes an engine factory per strategy", () => {
+    for (const id of STRATEGY_IDS) {
+      expect(typeof getStrategyDefinition(id).createEngine).toBe("function");
+    }
+  });
+});

tests/token-expiry-guard.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { standxTokenConfig } from "../src/config";
+import { t } from "../src/i18n";
+import { TokenExpiryGuard } from "../src/strategy/common/token-expiry-guard";
+
+const HOUR_MS = 3_600_000;
+const original = standxTokenConfig.expiryTimestamp;
+
+/** The config field is read on every call, so tests set it directly. */
+function setExpiry(atMs: number | null): void {
+  standxTokenConfig.expiryTimestamp = atMs;
+}
+
+function makeGuard() {
+  const logs: Array<[string, string]> = [];
+  const notifications: unknown[] = [];
+  const cancelAllOrders = vi.fn(async () => {});
+  const onOrdersCancelled = vi.fn();
+  const guard = new TokenExpiryGuard({
+    log: (type, detail) => logs.push([type, detail]),
+    notify: (n) => notifications.push(n),
+    cancelAllOrders,
+    onOrdersCancelled,
+  });
+  return { guard, logs, notifications, cancelAllOrders, onOrdersCancelled };
+}
+
+describe("TokenExpiryGuard", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    standxTokenConfig.expiryTimestamp = original;
+  });
+
+  it("stays out of the way when no expiry is configured", async () => {
+    setExpiry(null);
+    const { guard, cancelAllOrders } = makeGuard();
+    const decision = await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 1, openOrderCount: 3 });
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ halt: false, closeOnly: false });
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("does nothing while the token is still valid", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() + HOUR_MS * 24);
+    const { guard, cancelAllOrders, notifications } = makeGuard();
+    const decision = await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 0, openOrderCount: 0 });
+    expect(decision).toEqual({ halt: false, closeOnly: false });
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(notifications).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("cancels once and keeps ticking while a position is still open", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard, cancelAllOrders, onOrdersCancelled } = makeGuard();
+
+    const first = await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 2, openOrderCount: 4 });
+    expect(first).toEqual({ halt: false, closeOnly: true });
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(onOrdersCancelled).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 2, openOrderCount: 4 });
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("logs and notifies exactly once per episode", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard, logs, notifications } = makeGuard();
+
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 2, openOrderCount: 1 });
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 2, openOrderCount: 1 });
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 2, openOrderCount: 1 });
+
+    expect(notifications).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(logs.filter(([type]) => type === "warn")).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("halts the tick once nothing is left to manage", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard } = makeGuard();
+    expect((await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 0, openOrderCount: 0 })).halt).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("announces the silent mode only on entry", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard, logs } = makeGuard();
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 0, openOrderCount: 0 });
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 0, openOrderCount: 0 });
+    const entryLogs = logs.filter(
+      ([type, detail]) => type === "info" && detail === t("log.token.silentEntered")
+    );
+    expect(entryLogs).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("retries the cancel on the next tick when it fails", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard, cancelAllOrders, logs } = makeGuard();
+    cancelAllOrders.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("network down"));
+
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 1, openOrderCount: 2 });
+    expect(logs.some(([type]) => type === "error")).toBe(true);
+
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 1, openOrderCount: 2 });
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it("treats an already-gone order as a successful cancel", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard, cancelAllOrders } = makeGuard();
+    cancelAllOrders.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("Unknown order sent."));
+
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 1, openOrderCount: 2 });
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 1, openOrderCount: 2 });
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("skips the cancel when there is nothing resting", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard, cancelAllOrders } = makeGuard();
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 1, openOrderCount: 0 });
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("exposes closeOnlyMode for the engine's close-reason label", async () => {
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard } = makeGuard();
+    expect(guard.closeOnlyMode).toBe(false);
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 3, openOrderCount: 0 });
+    expect(guard.closeOnlyMode).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("re-arms every latch once a fresh token arrives", async () => {
+    // The five latches must reset together; a stale one would silently suppress
+    // the log, alert, or cancel for the next expiry.
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    const { guard, notifications, cancelAllOrders, logs } = makeGuard();
+
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 5, openOrderCount: 1 });
+    expect(guard.closeOnlyMode).toBe(true);
+    expect(notifications).toHaveLength(1);
+
+    setExpiry(Date.now() + HOUR_MS * 24);
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 5, openOrderCount: 1 });
+    expect(guard.closeOnlyMode).toBe(false);
+    expect(guard.currentState).toBe("active");
+
+    setExpiry(Date.now() - HOUR_MS);
+    await guard.evaluate({ positionAmt: 5, openOrderCount: 1 });
+    expect(notifications).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(cancelAllOrders).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(logs.filter(([type]) => type === "warn")).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+});

tsconfig.json

@@ -25,5 +25,10 @@
     "noUnusedLocals": false,
     "noUnusedParameters": false,
     "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": false
-  }
+  },
+
+  // docs/ holds vendored third-party samples (ccxt examples); they are reference
+  // material, not compilation units, and their errors mask real ones in src/.
+  "include": ["index.ts", "src/**/*", "tests/**/*", "scripts/**/*"],
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "docs"]
 }