diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 688251e..34caf30 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -56,7 +56,18 @@ curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:18789/__email_test \
 # 不存在的邮箱:{"action":"rejected","reason":"Mailbox does not exist","code":"MAILBOX_NOT_FOUND"}
 ```
 
-`bun run dev` 首次运行会自动:Connect Cloudflare Account(sim 模式 OAuth)→ 同步账号下全部域名 + catch-all 邮箱 → 逐域名配置 Email Workers(部署账号级 Worker + Email Routing + catch-all 规则)→ 签发 WorkerCredential → 启动本地 Email Worker 直连 Console。全程无需复制任何安装命令。
+`bun run dev` 启动 Console(:18787)与 Email Worker(:18789)。Cloudflare OAuth 没有模拟通道:账号必须在 Console 页面里人工授权接入。因此首次运行若本地还没有账号,脚本只拉起 Console 并提示下一步;接入成功后再次执行 `bun run dev`,就会自动为未激活域名配置 Email Workers(部署账号级 Worker + Email Routing + catch-all 规则)、签发 WorkerCredential 并拉起本地 Email Worker。
+
+接入前先配置 Cloudflare OAuth 客户端(本地同样必需):
+
+```sh
+# .env 或 shell 环境
+export CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=...
+export CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=...
+export CF_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI=http://127.0.0.1:18787/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback
+```
+
+未配置时账号页「添加账号」返回 503 并提示原因,不会生成任何假账号或假资源。
 
 ## 功能
 
@@ -112,7 +123,7 @@ WmailHub/
 3. 依次执行 `bunx wrangler d1 execute wmailhub --remote --file=./migrations/0001_init.sql` … `0004_single_key_markdown.sql`(0001~0004 按序号全部执行,0004 依赖 0001 的 api_credentials)
 4. `cd console && bunx wrangler deploy`(前端先 `bun run build`);`PUBLIC_BASE_URL` 即 Email Worker 注入的 CONSOLE_URL
 5. `bunx wrangler secret put SESSION_SECRET --config console/wrangler.jsonc`(≥32 位随机串)
-6. Cloudflare Dashboard 创建 OAuth App(client id/secret),配置 `CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID/SECRET` vars 与回调 `https://wmailhub.adx9.com/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback`;未配置时自动进入 sim 模式(仅供本地)
+6. Cloudflare Dashboard 创建 OAuth App(client id/secret),配置 `CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID/SECRET` vars 与回调 `https://wmailhub.adx9.com/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback`。**这是接入 Cloudflare 账号的硬前提**:未配置时 `/api/oauth/cloudflare/start` 与 `/cloudflare/callback` 直接返回 503,系统不会降级到任何模拟通道
 
 > 提示:`wrangler.jsonc` 里的 `database_id` 必须先填真实值,否则 `d1 execute` / `deploy` 都会报 `Invalid uuid`。
 > 部署后自检:`curl https://wmailhub.adx9.com/api/health` → `{"ok":true,"name":"WmailHub","version":"<package.json 版本>"}`。
diff --git a/console/frontend/src/api.ts b/console/frontend/src/api.ts
index 6b08d27..0d54ca6 100644
--- a/console/frontend/src/api.ts
+++ b/console/frontend/src/api.ts
@@ -153,14 +153,13 @@ export const getAccountWorkerSecret = (id: string) =>
 
 /* ---- OAuth ---- */
 
-export const oauthMode = () => api<{ mode: "cloudflare" | "sim" }>("/api/oauth/mode");
+/** OAuth 是否已配置(cloudflare = 可用;unconfigured = 缺少 client id/secret) */
+export const oauthMode = () =>
+  api<{ mode: "cloudflare" | "unconfigured"; authorize_url_base: string | null }>("/api/oauth/mode");
 
 /** 开始授权(自动创建账号记录;授权后自动接入) */
 export const oauthStart = () => api<{ url: string; state: string }>("/api/oauth/cloudflare/start");
 
-export const oauthSimApprove = (state: string) =>
-  api<{ ok: boolean; error?: string; account_id: string }>("/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve", "POST", { state });
-
 /* ---- 域名 ---- */
 
 export interface DomainRow {
diff --git a/console/frontend/src/main.tsx b/console/frontend/src/main.tsx
index 2f0fbf4..2c86f76 100644
--- a/console/frontend/src/main.tsx
+++ b/console/frontend/src/main.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import { ThemeContext } from "./theme-context.ts";
 import "./styles.css";
 import { App } from "./App.tsx";
 import { LoginPage } from "./pages/Login.tsx";
-import { OAuthSimPage } from "./pages/OAuthSim.tsx";
 import { DashboardPage } from "./pages/Dashboard.tsx";
 import { AccountsPage } from "./pages/Accounts.tsx";
 import { DomainsPage } from "./pages/Domains.tsx";
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@ import { setUnauthorizedHandler } from "./api.ts";
 /** # 成员变量: 路由表(邮件页路由 /inboxs,v2.1.0) **/
 const router = createBrowserRouter([
   { path: "/login", element: <LoginPage /> },
-  { path: "/oauth/sim/authorize", element: <OAuthSimPage /> },
   {
     path: "/",
     element: <App />,
diff --git a/console/frontend/src/pages/Accounts.tsx b/console/frontend/src/pages/Accounts.tsx
index c1d1b6b..f6cfebb 100644
--- a/console/frontend/src/pages/Accounts.tsx
+++ b/console/frontend/src/pages/Accounts.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /** 账号页:添加账号直达 Cloudflare OAuth,授权后自动接入并同步域名;搜索、详情、Worker 凭据管理 */
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
-import { useNavigate, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
 import {
   Button,
   Card,
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import {
   deleteAccount,
   getAccount,
   listAccounts,
-  oauthMode,
   oauthStart,
   rotateAccount,
   updateAccount,
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ const STEP_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
  */
 export function AccountsPage() {
   const { message, modal } = App.useApp();
-  const navigate = useNavigate();
   const [params] = useSearchParams();
   const [items, setItems] = useState<AccountRow[]>([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
@@ -90,13 +88,11 @@ export function AccountsPage() {
     [items, q],
   );
 
-  /** 发起 OAuth:real 模式跳 Cloudflare;sim 模式跳本地模拟授权页 */
+  /** 发起 OAuth:整页跳转到 Cloudflare 授权页(授权完成后浏览器重定向回 Console 回调端点) */
   const startOAuth = async () => {
     try {
-      const mode = (await oauthMode()).mode;
       const { url } = await oauthStart();
-      if (mode === "cloudflare") window.location.href = url;
-      else navigate(url); // /oauth/sim/authorize?state=...
+      window.location.href = url;
     } catch (err) {
       message.error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : "发起授权失败");
     }
diff --git a/console/frontend/src/pages/OAuthSim.tsx b/console/frontend/src/pages/OAuthSim.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 42bfdd9..0000000
--- a/console/frontend/src/pages/OAuthSim.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/** sim 模式的 Cloudflare 授权模拟页:确认后调用 approve,再跳回节点页 */
-import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { useNavigate, useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
-import { Button, Card, Space, App } from "antd";
-import { oauthSimApprove } from "../api.ts";
-
-/** # 函数
- * 模拟授权页(仅本地 sim 模式;真实部署直接跳 Cloudflare 授权页)
- */
-export function OAuthSimPage() {
-  const [params] = useSearchParams();
-  const navigate = useNavigate();
-  const { message } = App.useApp();
-  const state = params.get("state") ?? "";
-  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
-
-  const approve = async () => {
-    setBusy(true);
-    try {
-      const res = await oauthSimApprove(state);
-      if (res.ok) {
-        message.success("Cloudflare 授权与自动安装完成");
-        navigate(`/accounts?provision=${encodeURIComponent(res.account_id)}`, { replace: true });
-      } else {
-        message.error(res.error ?? "安装失败");
-        navigate("/accounts", { replace: true });
-      }
-    } catch (err) {
-      message.error(err instanceof Error ? err.message : "授权失败");
-      navigate("/accounts", { replace: true });
-    } finally {
-      setBusy(false);
-    }
-  };
-
-  // state 缺失直接回节点页
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!state) navigate("/accounts", { replace: true });
-  }, [state, navigate]);
-
-  return (
-    <div className="login-page">
-      <Card className="login-card" title="Cloudflare 授权(本地模拟)" styles={{ header: { textAlign: "center" } }}>
-        <p>sim 模式下,该页面模拟 Cloudflare OAuth 授权同意流程。</p>
-        <p className="muted">真实部署时,这里会跳转到 dash.cloudflare.com 的授权页面。</p>
-        <Space style={{ width: "100%", justifyContent: "center", marginTop: 16 }}>
-          <Button onClick={() => navigate("/accounts")}>拒绝</Button>
-          <Button type="primary" loading={busy} onClick={() => void approve()}>
-            同意授权
-          </Button>
-        </Space>
-      </Card>
-    </div>
-  );
-}
diff --git a/console/src/env.ts b/console/src/env.ts
index 1b29766..69a44c1 100644
--- a/console/src/env.ts
+++ b/console/src/env.ts
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ export interface Env {
   CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID?: string;
   CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET?: string;
   CF_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI?: string;
-  /** 强制使用 sim 模式("1") **/
-  WMAILHUB_SIM_CF?: string;
   /** 本地联调:允许 webhook endpoint 指向私网/localhost("1"),生产严禁开启 **/
   WMAILHUB_ALLOW_PRIVATE_WEBHOOKS?: string;
 }
diff --git a/console/src/local/main.ts b/console/src/local/main.ts
index 1f91ec4..34dd299 100644
--- a/console/src/local/main.ts
+++ b/console/src/local/main.ts
@@ -50,9 +50,17 @@ const env: Env = {
   R2: new LocalR2(path.join(DATA_DIR, "r2")),
   SESSION_SECRET: process.env.WMAILHUB_SESSION_SECRET,
   PUBLIC_BASE_URL: process.env.WMAILHUB_PUBLIC_BASE_URL ?? `http://127.0.0.1:${PORT}`,
-  WMAILHUB_SIM_CF: process.env.WMAILHUB_SIM_CF ?? "1",
+  // 真实 Cloudflare OAuth 客户端(无模拟模式兜底,缺失时接入接口返回 503)
+  CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID: process.env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
+  CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET: process.env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET,
+  CF_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI: process.env.CF_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI,
   WMAILHUB_ALLOW_PRIVATE_WEBHOOKS: process.env.WMAILHUB_ALLOW_PRIVATE_WEBHOOKS ?? "1",
 };
+if (!env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID || !env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET) {
+  console.warn(
+    "[console] 未配置 CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID / CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET:账号页「添加账号」将返回 503,无法接入 Cloudflare 账号",
+  );
+}
 
 // ---- 静态资源 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 const MIME: Record<string, string> = {
diff --git a/console/src/routes/oauth.ts b/console/src/routes/oauth.ts
index 0ef612c..3e35645 100644
--- a/console/src/routes/oauth.ts
+++ b/console/src/routes/oauth.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Cloudflare OAuth 路由(docs/02、docs/11 §14):
  *   GET  /api/oauth/cloudflare/start          生成 state,返回授权跳转 URL(自动创建账号)
  *   GET  /api/oauth/cloudflare/callback        授权回调:state 校验、token 兑换、自动接入
- *   POST /api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve     sim 模式模拟用户授权(仅本地)
+ *   GET  /api/oauth/mode                      OAuth 是否已配置
  *   GET  /api/oauth/connections                已建立的 OAuth 连接
  *
  * 流程(Connect Cloudflare Account):Console -> Cloudflare OAuth -> 用户授权 ->
@@ -10,46 +10,51 @@
  *
  * 安全:state 一次性(用后即删)、5 分钟过期、绑定账号;token AES-GCM 加密入库,
  * 不进前端与日志;Account ownership 以 token 实际可访问的 accounts 为准。
+ * 授权回调不校验会话:浏览器从 dash.cloudflare.com 跨站重定向回来时
+ * SameSite=Strict 的会话 cookie 不会携带,该端点由一次性 state 承担 CSRF 防护。
  */
 
 import { Hono } from "hono";
 import type { Env, AppVars } from "../env.ts";
 import { requireSession } from "../middleware.ts";
 import { ids } from "../../../shared/src/index.ts";
-import { CF_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL, CF_OAUTH_SCOPES, getCFApi } from "../services/cfapi.ts";
+import { CF_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL, CF_OAUTH_SCOPES, getCFApi, isOAuthConfigured } from "../services/cfapi.ts";
 import { provisionAccount, createAccount } from "../services/provision.ts";
 import { encryptConnectionToken } from "../db.ts";
-import { nowIso, readJson } from "../util.ts";
+import { nowIso } from "../util.ts";
 
 type App = Hono<{ Bindings: Env; Variables: AppVars }>;
 
 /** # 成员变量: OAuth state 有效期(秒) **/
 const STATE_TTL_SECONDS = 300;
 
-/** # 函数
- * 是否使用真实 Cloudflare OAuth
- */
-export function isRealOAuth(env: Env): boolean {
-  return Boolean(env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID && env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET && !env.WMAILHUB_SIM_CF);
-}
-
 /** # 函数
  * 装配 OAuth 路由
  */
 export function oauthRoutes(): App {
   const app = new Hono<{ Bindings: Env; Variables: AppVars }>();
-  app.use("*", requireSession);
+  app.use("*", async (c, next) => {
+    // 授权回调是浏览器从 Cloudflare 跨站重定向回来的请求,会话 cookie 不会带上,
+    // 因此该端点跳过会话校验,改由一次性 state 校验防护(docs/08)。
+    // 注意:子应用里 c.req.path 是挂载后的完整路径(/api/oauth/...),不能直接等值比较。
+    if (c.req.path.endsWith("/cloudflare/callback")) return next();
+    return requireSession(c, next);
+  });
 
   /** 授权模式与入口信息(前端 Connect Cloudflare Account 向导用) */
   app.get("/mode", (c) => {
+    const configured = isOAuthConfigured(c.env);
     return c.json({
-      mode: isRealOAuth(c.env) ? "cloudflare" : "sim",
-      authorize_url_base: isRealOAuth(c.env) ? CF_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL : null,
+      mode: configured ? "cloudflare" : "unconfigured",
+      authorize_url_base: configured ? CF_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL : null,
     });
   });
 
   /** 开始授权:每次自动创建账号记录;创建 state 并返回跳转 URL */
   app.get("/cloudflare/start", async (c) => {
+    if (!isOAuthConfigured(c.env)) {
+      return c.json({ error: "cloudflare oauth not configured (CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID/CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET)" }, 503);
+    }
     const created = await createAccount(c.env, {
       name: `Cloudflare 账号 ${new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)}`,
     });
@@ -61,23 +66,22 @@ export function oauthRoutes(): App {
       .bind(state, created.accountId, nowIso(), new Date(Date.now() + STATE_TTL_SECONDS * 1000).toISOString())
       .run();
 
-    if (isRealOAuth(c.env)) {
-      const base = c.env.PUBLIC_BASE_URL ?? new URL(c.req.url).origin;
-      const redirectUri = c.env.CF_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI ?? `${base}/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback`;
-      const url =
-        `${CF_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL}?response_type=code` +
-        `&client_id=${encodeURIComponent(c.env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID!)}` +
-        `&redirect_uri=${encodeURIComponent(redirectUri)}` +
-        `&scope=${encodeURIComponent(CF_OAUTH_SCOPES)}` +
-        `&state=${encodeURIComponent(state)}`;
-      return c.json({ url, state });
-    }
-    // sim 模式:前端内置模拟授权页
-    return c.json({ url: `/oauth/sim/authorize?state=${encodeURIComponent(state)}`, state });
+    const base = c.env.PUBLIC_BASE_URL ?? new URL(c.req.url).origin;
+    const redirectUri = c.env.CF_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI ?? `${base}/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback`;
+    const url =
+      `${CF_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL}?response_type=code` +
+      `&client_id=${encodeURIComponent(c.env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID!)}` +
+      `&redirect_uri=${encodeURIComponent(redirectUri)}` +
+      `&scope=${encodeURIComponent(CF_OAUTH_SCOPES)}` +
+      `&state=${encodeURIComponent(state)}`;
+    return c.json({ url, state });
   });
 
   /** 授权回调(浏览器重定向):校验 state -> 兑换 token -> 自动接入 -> 跳回控制台 */
   app.get("/cloudflare/callback", async (c) => {
+    if (!isOAuthConfigured(c.env)) {
+      return c.text("Cloudflare OAuth not configured", 503);
+    }
     const url = new URL(c.req.url);
     const code = url.searchParams.get("code") ?? "";
     const state = url.searchParams.get("state") ?? "";
@@ -85,7 +89,7 @@ export function oauthRoutes(): App {
     if (!verdict) {
       return c.text("OAuth state invalid or expired (possible CSRF)", 400);
     }
-    const cf = getCFApi(c.env, c.env.DB);
+    const cf = getCFApi(c.env);
     try {
       const base = c.env.PUBLIC_BASE_URL ?? url.origin;
       const redirectUri = c.env.CF_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI ?? `${base}/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback`;
@@ -100,18 +104,6 @@ export function oauthRoutes(): App {
     }
   });
 
-  /** sim 模式:模拟授权页的确认动作(本地开发用,需会话) */
-  app.post("/cloudflare/sim/approve", async (c) => {
-    const body = await readJson<{ state?: string }>(c.req.raw);
-    const verdict = await consumeState(c.env, body.state ?? "");
-    if (!verdict) return c.json({ error: "state invalid or expired" }, 400);
-    const cf = getCFApi(c.env, c.env.DB);
-    const token = await cf.exchangeToken("sim-code", "urn:unused");
-    await saveConnection(c.env, token.accessToken, token.expiresIn);
-    const result = await provisionAccount(c.env, { accountId: verdict.accountId, accessToken: token.accessToken });
-    return c.json({ ok: result.ok, error: result.error, account_id: verdict.accountId });
-  });
-
   /** 已有连接列表(不含 token) */
   app.get("/connections", async (c) => {
     const rows = await c.env.DB.prepare(
diff --git a/console/src/services/cfapi.ts b/console/src/services/cfapi.ts
index 5583dfe..f8cff37 100644
--- a/console/src/services/cfapi.ts
+++ b/console/src/services/cfapi.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,22 @@
 /**
- * Cloudflare API 客户端抽象。
+ * Cloudflare API 客户端:真实调用 api.cloudflare.com / dash.cloudflare.com。
  *
- * - RealCFApi:真实调用 api.cloudflare.com / dash.cloudflare.com(OAuth access token)
- * - SimCFApi :本地 sim 模式。不访问外网,把"创建"的资源记录到 cf_sim_resources 表,
- *              让 Connect Cloudflare Account 自动接入链路在本地完整可演示、可测试。
- *
- * Console 通过 env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID/SECRET 判断模式;两者齐备为 real,否则 sim。
+ * OAuth access token 来自 Cloudflare OAuth 授权(docs/02),Console 用它完成
+ * 账号/域名发现、Email Worker 部署与 Email Routing 配置。
+ * 未配置 CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID/SECRET 时不提供任何降级通道——
+ * /api/oauth/cloudflare/start 直接返回 503,避免出现"看似接入成功"的假数据。
  */
 
 import { renderEmailWorkerScript } from "../../../shared/src/index.ts";
 import type { Env } from "../env.ts";
-import { ids } from "../../../shared/src/index.ts";
-import { nowIso } from "../util.ts";
 
-/** # 成员变量: OAuth 授权端点(real 模式) **/
+/** # 成员变量: OAuth 授权端点 **/
 export const CF_OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://dash.cloudflare.com/oauth2/auth";
 
-/** # 成员变量: OAuth token 端点(real 模式) **/
+/** # 成员变量: OAuth token 端点 **/
 export const CF_OAUTH_TOKEN_URL = "https://dash.cloudflare.com/oauth2/token";
 
-/** # 成员变量: Cloudflare API 基址(real 模式) **/
+/** # 成员变量: Cloudflare API 基址 **/
 export const CF_API_BASE = "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4";
 
 /** # 成员变量: OAuth 申请权限(docs/08:最小权限——账户与 Zone 读、Email Routing 读写、Workers 脚本写) **/
@@ -45,7 +42,7 @@ export interface CFZone {
 
 /** # 成员变量: Cloudflare API 客户端接口(自动安装所需操作) **/
 export interface CFApi {
-  /** 用 code 换 access token(real);sim 直接签发假 token */
+  /** 用 code 换 access token */
   exchangeToken(code: string, redirectUri: string): Promise<{ accessToken: string; expiresIn: number }>;
   /** 发现 token 可访问的账户 */
   listAccounts(accessToken: string): Promise<CFAccount[]>;
@@ -74,15 +71,20 @@ export interface CFApi {
 }
 
 /** # 函数
- * 根据环境构造 Cloudflare API 客户端(real 或 sim)
+ * Cloudflare OAuth 是否已配置(client id + secret 齐备)
  */
-export function getCFApi(env: Env, db: Env["DB"]): CFApi {
-  const real = env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID && env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET && !env.WMAILHUB_SIM_CF;
-  if (real) return new RealCFApi(env);
-  return new SimCFApi(db);
+export function isOAuthConfigured(env: Env): boolean {
+  return Boolean(env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID && env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET);
 }
 
-/** # 成员变量: 真实 Cloudflare API 实现 **/
+/** # 函数
+ * 构造 Cloudflare API 客户端
+ */
+export function getCFApi(env: Env): CFApi {
+  return new RealCFApi(env);
+}
+
+/** # 成员变量: Cloudflare API 实现 **/
 export class RealCFApi implements CFApi {
   /** # 成员变量 **/
   constructor(private env: Env) {}
@@ -186,73 +188,3 @@ export class RealCFApi implements CFApi {
     return { ok: true };
   }
 }
-
-/** # 成员变量: 本地 sim 实现:资源写入 cf_sim_resources,行为与真实链路一致 **/
-export class SimCFApi implements CFApi {
-  /** # 成员变量 **/
-  constructor(private db: Env["DB"]) {}
-
-  private async record(kind: string, refId: string, payload: unknown): Promise<void> {
-    await this.db
-      .prepare(
-        "INSERT INTO cf_sim_resources (id, kind, ref_id, payload, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?) " +
-          "ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET payload = excluded.payload",
-      )
-      .bind(ids.simResource(), kind, refId, JSON.stringify(payload), nowIso())
-      .run();
-  }
-
-  async exchangeToken(_code: string, _redirectUri: string) {
-    return { accessToken: "sim_" + ids.oauth(), expiresIn: 3600 };
-  }
-
-  async listAccounts(_token: string): Promise<CFAccount[]> {
-    // sim 固定一个演示账户;幂等记录
-    const account = { id: "sim-account-0001", name: "WmailHub Sim Account" };
-    await this.record("account", account.id, account);
-    return [account];
-  }
-
-  async listZones(_token: string, accountId: string): Promise<CFZone[]> {
-    // sim 返回多个演示域名,覆盖「OAuth 后自动同步全部域名」的展示
-    const zones = [
-      { id: "sim-zone-example.test", name: "example.test", account_id: accountId, status: "active" },
-      { id: "sim-zone-demo.test", name: "demo.test", account_id: accountId, status: "active" },
-      { id: "sim-zone-mailbox.dev", name: "mailbox.dev", account_id: accountId, status: "active" },
-    ];
-    for (const z of zones) await this.record("zone", z.id, z);
-    return zones;
-  }
-
-  async putEmailWorker(opts: {
-    accessToken: string;
-    accountId: string;
-    scriptName: string;
-    consoleUrl: string;
-    workerId: string;
-    workerSecret: string;
-  }) {
-    // 与真实实现同一模板渲染,但只记录不外发
-    await this.record("email_worker", opts.scriptName, {
-      account_id: opts.accountId,
-      console_url: opts.consoleUrl,
-      worker_id: opts.workerId,
-      script: renderEmailWorkerScript(opts.consoleUrl, opts.workerId, opts.workerSecret).length,
-    });
-    return { id: opts.scriptName };
-  }
-
-  async enableEmailRouting(opts: { zoneId: string }) {
-    await this.record("routing_settings", opts.zoneId, { enabled: true });
-    return { enabled: true };
-  }
-
-  async setCatchAllRule(opts: { zoneId: string; workerName: string }) {
-    await this.record("routing_rule", opts.zoneId, {
-      type: "catch_all",
-      action: "worker",
-      value: opts.workerName,
-    });
-    return { ok: true };
-  }
-}
diff --git a/console/src/services/provision.ts b/console/src/services/provision.ts
index 35795b8..e401a53 100644
--- a/console/src/services/provision.ts
+++ b/console/src/services/provision.ts
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export interface ProvisionInput {
  * 部署账号级 Email Worker + 签发 Worker credential。幂等,可重复调用;返回是否全部成功。
  */
 export async function provisionAccount(env: Env, input: ProvisionInput): Promise<{ ok: boolean; error?: string }> {
-  const cf: CFApi = getCFApi(env, env.DB);
+  const cf: CFApi = getCFApi(env);
   const account = await env.DB.prepare("SELECT id, name, status FROM cloudflare_accounts WHERE id = ?")
     .bind(input.accountId)
     .first<{ id: string; name: string; status: string }>();
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ async function putWorkerScript(
   workerId: string,
   workerSecret: string,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const cf: CFApi = getCFApi(env, env.DB);
+  const cf: CFApi = getCFApi(env);
   const consoleUrl = env.PUBLIC_BASE_URL ?? "";
   if (!consoleUrl) throw new Error("console public url unknown (PUBLIC_BASE_URL)");
   await cf.putEmailWorker({ accessToken, accountId: cfAccountId, scriptName: workerId, consoleUrl, workerId, workerSecret });
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ export async function setupDomainEmail(env: Env, domainId: string): Promise<{ ok
   const accessToken = await decryptConnectionToken(env);
   if (!accessToken) return { ok: false, error: "no active Cloudflare OAuth connection" };
 
-  const cf: CFApi = getCFApi(env, env.DB);
+  const cf: CFApi = getCFApi(env);
   try {
     const workerId = await deployAccountWorker(env, account.id, accessToken);
     await cf.enableEmailRouting({ accessToken, zoneId: domain.zone_id });
diff --git a/console/wrangler.jsonc b/console/wrangler.jsonc
index 95ce80c..827a441 100644
--- a/console/wrangler.jsonc
+++ b/console/wrangler.jsonc
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 //   2. `bunx wrangler r2 bucket create wmailhub`     (已完成)
 //   3. `bunx wrangler d1 execute wmailhub --remote --file=./migrations/0001_init.sql` 起逐个执行 0001~0004
 //   4. `bunx wrangler secret put SESSION_SECRET`      (>=32 位随机串)
-//   5. 配置 CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID/SECRET/REDIRECT_URI vars(真实 OAuth;缺省走 sim)
+//   5. 配置 CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID/SECRET/REDIRECT_URI vars(真实 OAuth 硬前提,缺失时接入接口返回 503)
 {
   "$schema": "../node_modules/wrangler/config-schema.json",
   "name": "wmailhub-console",
diff --git a/docs/02_CLOUDFLARE_OAUTH.md b/docs/02_CLOUDFLARE_OAUTH.md
index b41f0dd..dae14db 100644
--- a/docs/02_CLOUDFLARE_OAUTH.md
+++ b/docs/02_CLOUDFLARE_OAUTH.md
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ Console
 
 - Cloudflare credential(OAuth access token)AES-GCM 加密存储,不进入前端和日志。
 - OAuth state 一次性(用后即删)、5 分钟过期、绑定账号(CSRF 防护)。
+- **授权回调不校验会话**:浏览器从 `dash.cloudflare.com` 跳回 Console 属于跨站顶级导航,`SameSite=Strict` 的会话 cookie 不会携带;该端点由一次性 state 承担 CSRF 防护,其余 `/api/oauth/*` 仍要求登录。
 - Account ownership 以 token 实际可访问的 accounts 为准。
 - 安装过程幂等,重复执行不产生重复资源。
 - Worker credential 与 Cloudflare credential 分离;轮换 credential 后已配置域名自动重新部署。
+
+## 前置条件
+
+`CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID` 与 `CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET` 必须配置,否则 `/api/oauth/cloudflare/start` 与
+`/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback` 一律返回 503 —— 系统不提供任何模拟/降级通道,
+不会出现"看起来接入成功"的假账号与假资源。
diff --git a/docs/05_DATA_MODEL.md b/docs/05_DATA_MODEL.md
index f567a58..0ae0e0d 100644
--- a/docs/05_DATA_MODEL.md
+++ b/docs/05_DATA_MODEL.md
@@ -79,4 +79,4 @@ status(active | revoked), created_at, revoked_at
 
 ## 其它
 
-users、settings(全局 Webhook、单一 API/MCP Key:api_key_hash/api_key_last4/api_key_created_at)、nonces、oauth_states、cf_sim_resources(本地 sim)。v2.1.0 起 api_credentials 表已删除(Key 合并为单一 Key 存 settings)。
+users、settings(全局 Webhook、单一 API/MCP Key:api_key_hash/api_key_last4/api_key_created_at)、nonces、oauth_states。v2.1.0 起 api_credentials 表已删除(Key 合并为单一 Key 存 settings);v2.2.0 起 cf_sim_resources 表已删除(移除本地 sim 模式,接入链路只有真实 Cloudflare OAuth)。
diff --git a/migrations/0005_drop_sim_resources.sql b/migrations/0005_drop_sim_resources.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb75fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/0005_drop_sim_resources.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- v2.2.0:移除本地 sim 模式,Cloudflare OAuth 只走真实授权。
+-- cf_sim_resources 记录的是「模拟 Cloudflare API 已创建的资源」,接入链路不再有模拟实现,整表废弃。
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS cf_sim_resources;
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 3cdb7f6..c471cb1 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "wmailhub",
-  "version": "2.1.2",
+  "version": "2.2.0",
   "description": "WmailHub - 基于 Cloudflare Email Workers 的轻量邮件接收与转发平台(Console 直连 Email Worker)",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/scripts/dev.ts b/scripts/dev.ts
index d25d595..76781ea 100644
--- a/scripts/dev.ts
+++ b/scripts/dev.ts
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
  * 流程:
  *   1. 构建前端(vite build)
  *   2. 启动 Console(:18787,自动迁移 + admin/admin 种子)
- *   3. 确保存在账号(无则 OAuth sim 自动创建账号),并逐域名配置 Email Workers
- *      (域名 setup 会部署账号级 Email Worker + 签发 WorkerCredential)
- *   4. 启动 Email Worker(:18789,authorize/ingest 直连 Console)
+ *   3. 已有 OAuth 接入的账号则为其配置未激活域名的 Email Workers
+ *      (域名 setup 会部署账号级 Email Worker + 签发 WorkerCredential),然后启动本地 Email Worker
+ *   4. 没有账号时只跑 Console:Cloudflare OAuth 需要浏览器人工授权,不再有模拟通道
  *   5. Ctrl-C 一起退出
  */
 
@@ -78,62 +78,58 @@ if (!loginResp.ok) throw new Error("admin 登录失败");
 const cookie = (loginResp.headers.get("set-cookie") ?? "").split(";")[0];
 const authHeaders = { Cookie: cookie, "Content-Type": "application/json" };
 
-// 3. 确保账号存在(无则走 OAuth 自动创建)
+// 3. 账号:OAuth 授权必须由浏览器人工完成,这里只消费已接入的账号
 const accountsResp = await fetch(`${BASE}/api/accounts`, { headers: authHeaders });
 const existing = ((await accountsResp.json()) as { items: { id: string; name: string }[] }).items;
-let accountId: string;
 
-if (existing.length > 0) {
-  accountId = existing[0].id;
-  console.log(`[dev] 复用既有账号 ${accountId}`);
+if (existing.length === 0) {
+  console.log("");
+  console.log("======== WmailHub 本地 Console 已就绪(尚未接入 Cloudflare 账号)========");
+  console.log(`  Console: ${BASE}  (admin / admin)`);
+  console.log(`  下一步  : 打开 Console → 账号 → 添加账号,完成 Cloudflare OAuth 授权`);
+  console.log(`            (需先配置 CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID / CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET,并在 Cloudflare`);
+  console.log(`             登记回调 ${BASE}/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback)`);
+  console.log("  接入成功后重新执行 `bun run dev` 即可一并拉起本地 Email Worker");
+  console.log("================================================================");
+  console.log("");
 } else {
-  // 添加账号:OAuth start 自动创建账号,授权后自动接入
-  const startResp = await fetch(`${BASE}/api/oauth/cloudflare/start`, { headers: authHeaders });
-  const { state } = (await startResp.json()) as { state: string };
-  const approve = await fetch(`${BASE}/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve`, {
-    method: "POST",
-    headers: authHeaders,
-    body: JSON.stringify({ state }),
+  const accountId = existing[0].id;
+  console.log(`[dev] 使用已接入账号 ${accountId}`);
+
+  // 4. 域名同步后逐域名配置 Email Workers(部署 Worker + Routing + catch-all;幂等)
+  const domainsResp = await fetch(`${BASE}/api/domains`, { headers: authHeaders });
+  const domains = ((await domainsResp.json()) as { items: { id: string; name: string; account_id: string | null; status: string }[] }).items;
+  for (const d of domains.filter((x) => x.account_id === accountId && x.status !== "active")) {
+    const setup = (await (
+      await fetch(`${BASE}/api/domains/${d.id}/setup`, { method: "POST", headers: authHeaders })
+    ).json()) as { ok: boolean; error?: string };
+    if (!setup.ok) throw new Error(`域名 ${d.name} 配置 Email Workers 失败:${setup.error}`);
+    console.log(`[dev] 域名 ${d.name} Email Workers 已配置`);
+  }
+
+  // 5. Email Worker(authorize/ingest 直连 Console;凭据来自 WorkerCredential)
+  const secretResp = (await (
+    await fetch(`${BASE}/api/accounts/${accountId}/worker-secret`, { headers: authHeaders })
+  ).json()) as { worker_id: string; secret: string };
+  spawn("worker", ["worker/src/local.ts"], ROOT, {
+    CONSOLE_URL: BASE,
+    WORKER_ID: secretResp.worker_id,
+    WORKER_SECRET: secretResp.secret,
+    WMAILHUB_WORKER_PORT: String(WORKER_PORT),
   });
-  const approveRes = (await approve.json()) as { ok: boolean; error?: string; account_id: string };
-  if (!approveRes.ok) throw new Error(`自动创建账号失败:${approveRes.error}`);
-  accountId = approveRes.account_id;
-  console.log(`[dev] OAuth(sim)已创建账号 ${accountId} 并同步域名`);
+  await waitReady(`http://127.0.0.1:${WORKER_PORT}/__health`, "email worker");
+  console.log("[dev] email worker ready");
+
+  console.log("");
+  console.log("======== WmailHub 本地环境已就绪 ========");
+  console.log(`  Console     : ${BASE}  (admin / admin)`);
+  console.log(`  Email Worker: http://127.0.0.1:${WORKER_PORT}/__health  (worker_id=${secretResp.worker_id})`);
+  console.log("  发测试邮件  : curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:18789/__email_test \\");
+  console.log("      -H 'X-WmailHub-Test-Secret: <worker secret>' \\");
+  console.log("      -H 'X-WmailHub-Test-To: hello@example.test' --data-binary @mail.eml");
+  console.log("==========================================");
 }
 
-// 4. 域名同步后逐域名配置 Email Workers(部署 Worker + Routing + catch-all;幂等)
-const domainsResp = await fetch(`${BASE}/api/domains`, { headers: authHeaders });
-const domains = ((await domainsResp.json()) as { items: { id: string; name: string; account_id: string | null; status: string }[] }).items;
-for (const d of domains.filter((x) => x.account_id === accountId && x.status !== "active")) {
-  const setup = (await (
-    await fetch(`${BASE}/api/domains/${d.id}/setup`, { method: "POST", headers: authHeaders })
-  ).json()) as { ok: boolean; error?: string };
-  if (!setup.ok) throw new Error(`域名 ${d.name} 配置 Email Workers 失败:${setup.error}`);
-  console.log(`[dev] 域名 ${d.name} Email Workers 已配置`);
-}
-
-// 5. Email Worker(authorize/ingest 直连 Console;凭据来自 WorkerCredential)
-const secretResp = (await (
-  await fetch(`${BASE}/api/accounts/${accountId}/worker-secret`, { headers: authHeaders })
-).json()) as { worker_id: string; secret: string };
-spawn("worker", ["worker/src/local.ts"], ROOT, {
-  CONSOLE_URL: BASE,
-  WORKER_ID: secretResp.worker_id,
-  WORKER_SECRET: secretResp.secret,
-  WMAILHUB_WORKER_PORT: String(WORKER_PORT),
-});
-await waitReady(`http://127.0.0.1:${WORKER_PORT}/__health`, "email worker");
-console.log("[dev] email worker ready");
-
-console.log("");
-console.log("======== WmailHub 本地环境已就绪 ========");
-console.log(`  Console     : ${BASE}  (admin / admin)`);
-console.log(`  Email Worker: http://127.0.0.1:${WORKER_PORT}/__health  (worker_id=${secretResp.worker_id})`);
-console.log("  发测试邮件  : curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:18789/__email_test \\");
-console.log("      -H 'X-WmailHub-Test-Secret: <worker secret>' \\");
-console.log("      -H 'X-WmailHub-Test-To: hello@example.test' --data-binary @mail.eml");
-console.log("==========================================");
-
 /** 退出时统一收割子进程 */
 function shutdown() {
   for (const { name, proc } of children) {
diff --git a/shared/src/ids.ts b/shared/src/ids.ts
index 50c000a..6d43fd3 100644
--- a/shared/src/ids.ts
+++ b/shared/src/ids.ts
@@ -33,5 +33,4 @@ export const ids = {
   apiKey: () => newId("key"),
   oauthState: () => newId("st"),
   credential: () => newId("cred"),
-  simResource: () => newId("sim"),
 };
diff --git a/tests/cf-mock.ts b/tests/cf-mock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5da4411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cf-mock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/**
+ * Cloudflare API 抓包桩(仅测试用):
+ * 拦截 globalThis.fetch,对 dash.cloudflare.com / api.cloudflare.com 返回固定响应,
+ * 并记录真实发出的 HTTP 调用。生产代码里没有任何模拟实现——接入链路跑的始终是
+ * RealCFApi,测试只是在传输层把它要访问的 Cloudflare 换成本地桩。
+ */
+
+/** # 成员变量: 记录到的 Cloudflare API 调用 **/
+export interface CfCall {
+  /** 请求方法 **/
+  method: string;
+  /** 完整 URL **/
+  url: string;
+  /** 路径(去掉 base) **/
+  path: string;
+  /** Authorization 头(OAuth Bearer token) **/
+  authorization: string | null;
+  /** 请求体文本(URL 编码或 JSON);multipart 上传记 null **/
+  body: string | null;
+}
+
+/** # 成员变量: 桩的返回数据配置 **/
+export interface CfMockOptions {
+  /** /accounts 返回的账户列表 **/
+  accounts?: { id: string; name: string }[];
+  /** /zones 返回的域名列表 **/
+  zones?: { id: string; name: string; account_id: string; status: string }[];
+  /** OAuth token 端点签发的 access token **/
+  accessToken?: string;
+  /** token 端点 HTTP 状态(测失败分支用) **/
+  tokenStatus?: number;
+}
+
+/** # 成员变量: Cloudflare API 桩句柄 **/
+export interface CfMock {
+  /** 已记录的调用 **/
+  calls: CfCall[];
+  /** 恢复原始 fetch **/
+  restore(): void;
+  /** 是否发生过指定 method + 路径子串的调用 **/
+  hit(method: string, pathPart: string): boolean;
+  /** 取出第一条匹配调用的 body **/
+  bodyOf(method: string, pathPart: string): string | null;
+}
+
+const TOKEN_URL = "https://dash.cloudflare.com/oauth2/token";
+const API_BASE = "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4";
+
+/** # 函数
+ * 安装 Cloudflare API 桩:接管 globalThis.fetch,返回记录与恢复句柄
+ * 参数: opts.accounts/zones 决定发现到的资源,tokenStatus 可模拟 token 兑换失败
+ */
+export function installCloudflareMock(opts: CfMockOptions = {}): CfMock {
+  const accounts = opts.accounts ?? [{ id: "cf-acct-real-1", name: "Real Cloudflare Account" }];
+  const zones = opts.zones ?? [
+    { id: "zone-example", name: "example.com", account_id: accounts[0]?.id ?? "", status: "active" },
+    { id: "zone-demo", name: "demo.com", account_id: accounts[0]?.id ?? "", status: "active" },
+  ];
+  const accessToken = opts.accessToken ?? "cf-oauth-access-token-xyz";
+  const calls: CfCall[] = [];
+  const original = globalThis.fetch;
+
+  globalThis.fetch = (async (input: RequestInfo | URL, init?: RequestInit): Promise<Response> => {
+    const url = typeof input === "string" ? input : input instanceof URL ? input.toString() : input.url;
+    const method = (init?.method ?? (input instanceof Request ? input.method : "GET")).toUpperCase();
+    const headers = new Headers(
+      init?.headers ?? (input instanceof Request ? input.headers : undefined),
+    );
+    const rawBody = init?.body;
+    const body =
+      typeof rawBody === "string"
+        ? rawBody
+        : rawBody instanceof URLSearchParams
+          ? rawBody.toString()
+          : null;
+
+    calls.push({
+      method,
+      url,
+      path: url.startsWith(API_BASE) ? url.slice(API_BASE.length) : url,
+      authorization: headers.get("authorization"),
+      // multipart 上传(Email Worker 脚本)读不出文本,只记方法与路径
+      body: rawBody instanceof FormData ? null : body,
+    });
+
+    const json = (result: unknown, status = 200) =>
+      new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: true, errors: [], messages: [], result }), {
+        status,
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      });
+
+    if (url === TOKEN_URL) {
+      if ((opts.tokenStatus ?? 200) !== 200) {
+        return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: "invalid_grant" }), { status: opts.tokenStatus });
+      }
+      // OAuth token 端点是裸 JSON(不是 Cloudflare API 的 {success,result} 信封)
+      return new Response(JSON.stringify({ access_token: accessToken, expires_in: 3600, token_type: "bearer" }), {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      });
+    }
+    if (url.startsWith(`${API_BASE}/accounts`)) return json(accounts);
+    if (url.startsWith(`${API_BASE}/zones`)) {
+      if (url.includes("/email/routing/rules/catch_all")) return json({ id: "catch-all-rule" });
+      if (url.includes("/email/routing")) return json({ enabled: true });
+      return json(zones);
+    }
+    if (url.includes("/workers/scripts/")) return json({ id: url.split("/").pop() });
+    return json(null, 404);
+  }) as typeof globalThis.fetch;
+
+  return {
+    calls,
+    restore: () => {
+      globalThis.fetch = original;
+    },
+    hit: (method, pathPart) =>
+      calls.some((c) => c.method === method.toUpperCase() && c.path.includes(pathPart)),
+    bodyOf: (method, pathPart) =>
+      calls.find((c) => c.method === method.toUpperCase() && c.path.includes(pathPart))?.body ?? null,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/tests/helpers.ts b/tests/helpers.ts
index 74d4f65..6fd0463 100644
--- a/tests/helpers.ts
+++ b/tests/helpers.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@ export async function makeTestEnv(): Promise<TestEnv> {
     DB: new LocalD1(db),
     R2: new LocalR2(mkdtempSync(path.join(tmpdir(), "wmh-r2-"))),
     PUBLIC_BASE_URL: "http://localhost",
-    WMAILHUB_SIM_CF: "1",
+    // 真实 Cloudflare OAuth 客户端(测试里由 cf-mock 在传输层拦截,不外发)
+    CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID: "test-client-id",
+    CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET: "test-client-secret",
     WMAILHUB_ALLOW_PRIVATE_WEBHOOKS: "1",
   };
   const app = createApp();
diff --git a/tests/oauth.test.ts b/tests/oauth.test.ts
index 2de8e38..091def2 100644
--- a/tests/oauth.test.ts
+++ b/tests/oauth.test.ts
@@ -1,31 +1,56 @@
-/** Cloudflare OAuth(本地 sim 模式)测试:Connect Account 自动接入、域名同步、state CSRF、setup Email Workers、Worker 凭据 */
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
+/**
+ * Cloudflare OAuth(真实授权链路)测试:
+ * Connect Cloudflare Account 自动接入、域名同步、state CSRF、setup Email Workers、Worker 凭据。
+ * Cloudflare 侧由 tests/cf-mock.ts 在 fetch 层打桩,断言的是真实发出的 HTTP 调用。
+ */
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
 import { authedFetch, loginCookie, makeTestEnv } from "./helpers.ts";
+import { installCloudflareMock, type CfMock } from "./cf-mock";
 
-describe("Cloudflare OAuth(sim 模式,Connect Cloudflare Account)", () => {
-  test("start 自动建账号;approve 完成自动接入并同步域名;setup 配置 Email Workers", async () => {
+/** # 成员变量: 当前 Cloudflare 桩(afterEach 恢复原始 fetch) **/
+let mock: CfMock | null = null;
+afterEach(() => {
+  mock?.restore();
+  mock = null;
+});
+
+/** # 函数
+ * 走完 start -> callback,返回账号 id 与桩(不携带会话 cookie 调 callback,模拟跨站重定向)
+ */
+async function connectAccount(
+  t: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof makeTestEnv>>,
+  cookie: string,
+): Promise<{ accountId: string; cf: CfMock; resp: Response }> {
+  const cf = installCloudflareMock();
+  mock = cf;
+  const start = (await (
+    await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/start")
+  ).json()) as { url: string; state: string };
+  expect(start.url).toContain("https://dash.cloudflare.com/oauth2/auth");
+  expect(start.url).toContain("client_id=test-client-id");
+
+  // 授权回调:浏览器从 Cloudflare 跨站跳回,不带 SameSite=Strict 会话 cookie
+  const resp = await t.app.fetch(
+    new Request(`http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=auth-code-1&state=${start.state}`),
+    t.env,
+  );
+  const location = resp.headers.get("Location") ?? "";
+  const accountId = new URLSearchParams(location.split("?")[1] ?? "").get("provision") ?? "";
+  return { accountId, cf, resp };
+}
+
+describe("Cloudflare OAuth(真实授权,Connect Cloudflare Account)", () => {
+  test("start 自动建账号;callback 完成自动接入并同步域名;setup 配置 Email Workers", async () => {
     const t = await makeTestEnv();
     const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
 
-    // Connect Cloudflare Account:start 自动创建账号记录
-    const start = (await (
-      await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/start")
-    ).json()) as { url: string; state: string };
-    expect(start.url).toContain("/oauth/sim/authorize?state=");
-
-    // sim approve(等价于用户在 Cloudflare 授权页点击同意)
-    const approve = (await (
-      await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve", {
-        method: "POST",
-        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ state: start.state }),
-      })
-    ).json()) as { ok: boolean; error?: string; account_id: string };
-    expect(approve.ok).toBe(true);
+    const { accountId, cf, resp } = await connectAccount(t, cookie);
+    expect(resp.status).toBe(302);
+    expect(resp.headers.get("Location")).toContain("ok=1");
 
     // 接入结果:发现 + 域名同步 + Email Worker 部署 + Worker 凭据签发
     const detail = (await (
-      await authedFetch(t, cookie, `http://localhost/api/accounts/${approve.account_id}`)
+      await authedFetch(t, cookie, `http://localhost/api/accounts/${accountId}`)
     ).json()) as {
       account: { status: string; cloudflare_account_id: string | null; name: string; worker_id: string | null };
       steps: Record<string, { status: string }>;
@@ -33,44 +58,54 @@ describe("Cloudflare OAuth(sim 模式,Connect Cloudflare Account)", () => {
       credential: { worker_id: string; secret_last4: string; status: string } | null;
     };
     expect(detail.account.status).toBe("active"); // 接入完成(无心跳概念)
-    expect(detail.account.cloudflare_account_id).toBe("sim-account-0001");
-    expect(detail.account.name).toBe("WmailHub Sim Account"); // 自动命名替换为 CF 账户名
+    expect(detail.account.cloudflare_account_id).toBe("cf-acct-real-1");
+    expect(detail.account.name).toBe("Real Cloudflare Account"); // 自动命名替换为 CF 账户名
     for (const key of ["oauth", "discover", "domains", "worker"]) {
       expect(detail.steps[key].status).toBe("done");
     }
-    expect(detail.account.worker_id).toContain("wmailhub-email-"); // Worker credential 已签发(库中不存明文 secret)
+    expect(detail.account.worker_id).toContain("wmailhub-email-"); // Worker credential 已签发
     expect(detail.credential).not.toBeNull();
     expect(detail.credential!.worker_id).toBe(detail.account.worker_id!);
     const credRow = await t.env.DB.prepare(
       "SELECT secret_hash, secret_enc, secret_last4 FROM worker_credentials WHERE cloudflare_account_id = ?",
     )
-      .bind(approve.account_id)
+      .bind(accountId)
       .first<{ secret_hash: string; secret_enc: string; secret_last4: string }>();
     expect(credRow?.secret_enc).toBeTruthy();
     expect(credRow!.secret_last4.length).toBe(4);
 
+    // 真实发出的 Cloudflare 调用:换 token -> 账户发现 -> 域名发现 -> 上传 Email Worker 脚本
+    expect(cf.hit("POST", "/oauth2/token")).toBe(true);
+    expect(cf.hit("GET", "/accounts")).toBe(true);
+    expect(cf.hit("GET", "/zones?account.id=")).toBe(true);
+    expect(cf.hit("PUT", "/workers/scripts/")).toBe(true);
+    // token 兑换请求带真实 code 与 client 凭据
+    const tokenBody = cf.bodyOf("POST", "/oauth2/token") ?? "";
+    expect(tokenBody).toContain("grant_type=authorization_code");
+    expect(tokenBody).toContain("code=auth-code-1");
+    expect(tokenBody).toContain("client_secret=test-client-secret");
+
     // OAuth 只同步域名,Email Routing 按域名手动触发
-    expect(detail.domains.map((d) => d.name)).toEqual(
-      expect.arrayContaining(["example.test", "demo.test", "mailbox.dev"]),
-    );
+    expect(detail.domains.map((d) => d.name)).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(["example.com", "demo.com"]));
     const domList = (await (
       await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/domains")
     ).json()) as { items: { id: string; name: string; status: string; account_id: string | null }[] };
-    // 种子环境自带一个 cfacct-1 下的 example.test(active);OAuth 同步出的新域名均为 pending
-    const synced = domList.items.filter((d) => ["demo.test", "mailbox.dev"].includes(d.name));
+    const synced = domList.items.filter((d) => ["example.com", "demo.com"].includes(d.name));
     expect(synced.length).toBe(2);
     for (const d of synced) expect(d.status).toBe("pending");
 
     // catch-all 邮箱已随同步创建
     const mb = await t.env.DB.prepare("SELECT address FROM mailboxes WHERE is_catch_all = 1").all<{ address: string }>();
-    expect(mb.results.map((r) => r.address)).toContain("*@example.test");
+    expect(mb.results.map((r) => r.address)).toContain("*@example.com");
 
-    // setup:为同步出的 example.test 配置 Email Workers(Worker 幂等重部署 + Routing + catch-all 规则)
-    const example = domList.items.find((d) => d.name === "example.test" && d.status === "pending")!;
+    // setup:为同步出的 example.com 配置 Email Workers(Worker 幂等重部署 + Routing + catch-all 规则)
+    const example = domList.items.find((d) => d.name === "example.com" && d.status === "pending")!;
     const setup = (await (
       await authedFetch(t, cookie, `http://localhost/api/domains/${example.id}/setup`, { method: "POST" })
     ).json()) as { ok: boolean; error?: string };
     expect(setup.ok).toBe(true);
+    expect(cf.hit("POST", "/zones/zone-example/email/routing")).toBe(true);
+    expect(cf.hit("PUT", "/zones/zone-example/email/routing/rules/catch_all")).toBe(true);
     const after = (await (
       await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/domains")
     ).json()) as { items: { id: string; name: string; status: string; worker_id: string | null }[] };
@@ -78,72 +113,107 @@ describe("Cloudflare OAuth(sim 模式,Connect Cloudflare Account)", () => {
     expect(exampleAfter.status).toBe("active");
     expect(exampleAfter.worker_id).toContain("wmailhub-email-");
 
-    // sim 资源记录(Email Worker / Routing rule 只在 setup 后出现)
-    const sim = await t.env.DB.prepare("SELECT kind FROM cf_sim_resources").all<{ kind: string }>();
-    const kinds = sim.results.map((r) => r.kind);
-    expect(kinds).toContain("zone");
-    expect(kinds).toContain("email_worker");
-    expect(kinds).toContain("routing_rule");
-
     // OAuth token 已加密入库(不含明文 token)
     const conn = await t.env.DB.prepare("SELECT encrypted_access_token FROM oauth_connections").first<{
       encrypted_access_token: string;
     }>();
     expect(conn?.encrypted_access_token).toBeTruthy();
-    expect(conn!.encrypted_access_token.startsWith("sim_")).toBe(false);
+    expect(conn!.encrypted_access_token).not.toContain("cf-oauth-access-token-xyz");
   });
 
-  test("state 一次性:重放 approve 被拒(OAuth CSRF 防护)", async () => {
+  test("state 一次性:重放授权回调被拒(OAuth CSRF 防护)", async () => {
     const t = await makeTestEnv();
     const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
+    mock = installCloudflareMock();
     const { state } = (await (
       await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/start")
     ).json()) as { state: string };
 
-    const first = await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve", {
-      method: "POST",
-      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-      body: JSON.stringify({ state }),
-    });
-    expect(first.status).toBe(200);
+    const first = await t.app.fetch(
+      new Request(`http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=c1&state=${state}`),
+      t.env,
+    );
+    expect(first.status).toBe(302);
     // state 已消费,重放被拒
-    const second = await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve", {
-      method: "POST",
-      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-      body: JSON.stringify({ state }),
-    });
+    const second = await t.app.fetch(
+      new Request(`http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=c1&state=${state}`),
+      t.env,
+    );
     expect(second.status).toBe(400);
   });
 
-  test("伪造/过期 state 被拒;真实 callback 端点同样拒绝", async () => {
+  test("伪造 state 被拒;授权回调不依赖会话 cookie(跨站重定向场景)", async () => {
     const t = await makeTestEnv();
-    const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
-    const bad = await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve", {
-      method: "POST",
-      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-      body: JSON.stringify({ state: "cfstate_forged" }),
-    });
-    expect(bad.status).toBe(400);
-    const cb = await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=x&state=forged");
-    expect(cb.status).toBe(400);
-  });
+    mock = installCloudflareMock();
+    // 无 Cookie:SameSite=Strict 下浏览器从 Cloudflare 跳回时就是这种请求
+    const forged = await t.app.fetch(
+      new Request("http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=x&state=cfstate_forged"),
+      t.env,
+    );
+    expect(forged.status).toBe(400);
 
-  test("rotate:Worker credential 轮换,secret 仅本次可见且已配置域名自动重部署", async () => {
-    const t = await makeTestEnv();
+    // 合法 state + 无 Cookie 依然放行(CSRF 由一次性 state 承担)
     const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
-    // 自动接入一个账号(approve 走完 worker 步骤:部署 + 签发凭据)
-    await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/start");
-    const start = (await (
+    const { state } = (await (
       await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/start")
     ).json()) as { state: string };
-    const approve = (await (
-      await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve", {
-        method: "POST",
-        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-        body: JSON.stringify({ state: start.state }),
-      })
-    ).json()) as { ok: boolean; account_id: string };
-    const accountId = approve.account_id;
+    const okResp = await t.app.fetch(
+      new Request(`http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=c2&state=${state}`),
+      t.env,
+    );
+    expect(okResp.status).toBe(302);
+  });
+
+  test("未配置 Cloudflare OAuth 时:mode=unconfigured,start/callback 返回 503(无降级通道)", async () => {
+    const t = await makeTestEnv();
+    delete t.env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID;
+    delete t.env.CF_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET;
+    const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
+
+    const mode = (await (await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/mode")).json()) as {
+      mode: string;
+      authorize_url_base: string | null;
+    };
+    expect(mode.mode).toBe("unconfigured");
+    expect(mode.authorize_url_base).toBeNull();
+
+    const start = await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/start");
+    expect(start.status).toBe(503);
+    // 不会凭空建账号
+    const rows = await t.env.DB.prepare("SELECT id FROM cloudflare_accounts WHERE status = 'pending_oauth'").all();
+    expect(rows.results.length).toBe(0);
+
+    const cb = await t.app.fetch(
+      new Request("http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=x&state=y"),
+      t.env,
+    );
+    expect(cb.status).toBe(503);
+  });
+
+  test("token 兑换失败时不落库连接,账号停留在待授权", async () => {
+    const t = await makeTestEnv();
+    const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
+    mock = installCloudflareMock({ tokenStatus: 400 });
+    const { state } = (await (
+      await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/start")
+    ).json()) as { state: string };
+
+    const resp = await t.app.fetch(
+      new Request(`http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/callback?code=bad&state=${state}`),
+      t.env,
+    );
+    expect(resp.status).toBe(500);
+    // 兑换失败发生在接入之前:不写 oauth_connections,账号仍是待授权
+    const conns = await t.env.DB.prepare("SELECT id FROM oauth_connections").all();
+    expect(conns.results.length).toBe(0);
+    const acct = await t.env.DB.prepare("SELECT status FROM cloudflare_accounts WHERE status = 'pending_oauth'").all();
+    expect(acct.results.length).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test("rotate:Worker credential 轮换,secret 仅本次可见且旧 credential 撤销", async () => {
+    const t = await makeTestEnv();
+    const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
+    const { accountId } = await connectAccount(t, cookie);
 
     const rotated = (await (
       await authedFetch(t, cookie, `http://localhost/api/accounts/${accountId}/rotate`, { method: "POST" })
@@ -161,6 +231,21 @@ describe("Cloudflare OAuth(sim 模式,Connect Cloudflare Account)", () => {
     expect(creds.results.filter((r) => r.status === "revoked").length).toBe(1);
   });
 
+  test("sim 通道已彻底移除:无 sim 授权端点、无 cf_sim_resources 表", async () => {
+    const t = await makeTestEnv();
+    const cookie = await loginCookie(t);
+    const table = await t.db
+      .query("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND name = 'cf_sim_resources'")
+      .get();
+    expect(table).toBeNull();
+    const resp = await authedFetch(t, cookie, "http://localhost/api/oauth/cloudflare/sim/approve", {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ state: "cfstate_x" }),
+    });
+    expect(resp.status).not.toBe(200);
+  });
+
   test("旧 Node 协议接口已移除(/api/internal/enroll 不再可用)", async () => {
     const t = await makeTestEnv();
     // 该路径已无路由;管理面中间件按未授权拒绝,不会返回 enrollment 结果